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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Cardiac > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of shunt from congenital heart disease cause cyanosis? What maneuvers help?

A

R to L shunts

Squats - increase SVRI and decreases the shunt

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2
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

A

Shift from L –> R shunt to R –> L

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3
Q

What is the end result of L –> R shunt?

A

CHF

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4
Q

What is the first sign of CHF in children?

A

Hepatomegaly

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5
Q

What are the congenital conditions that cause L –> R shunt?

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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6
Q

What are the congenital conditions that cause R –> L shunt?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Connection between descending aorta and left pulmonary artery; blood shunted away from lungs in utero.

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8
Q

What is the ductus venosum?

A

Connection between portal vein and IVC; blood shunted away from liver.

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9
Q

How many umbilical arteries and veins are present in fetal circulation?

A

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

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10
Q

What is the MC congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

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11
Q

What is the treatment for VSD?

A

Most close spontaneously by age 6 months
MC reason for repair - CHF resulting in FTT
PVR > 4-6 woods units also indication for repair
PVR > 10-12 contraindication for repair –> use vasodilators

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12
Q

What is the MC type of ASD?

A

Ostium secundum

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13
Q

What is the Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, RVH

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14
Q

What is the surgical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Blalock-Taussig shunt for palliation to delay repair

RV outflow tract obstruction division, patch enlargement of outflow tract and VSD repair

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15
Q

What can be used to close a PDA?

A

Indomethacin

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16
Q

What can be used to keep open a PDA?

A

PGE1

17
Q

Where is the MC location for coarctation of the aorta?

A

Usually occurs just distal to the L subclavian artery

18
Q

What syndrome is associated with CoA?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

19
Q

What is a CXR finding seen in CoA?

A

Rib notching from the IMA and intercostal collaterals

20
Q

What is the treatment for hypoplastic left heart?

A

Norwood procedure

21
Q

What is the MC heart dominant circulation?

A

Right dominant - MC - posterior descending artery comes off the RCA

22
Q

What are some complications of MI?

A

VSD (pansystolic murmur), papillary muscle rupture, and free wall rupture. Most likely to occur at 3-7 days post-MI.

23
Q

What is the best conduit for CABG?

A

Internal mammary artery - >90% 10-year graft patency rate

24
Q

What is the MC valve lesion?

A

Aortic stenosis

25
Q

What is the MCC of valve dysfunction?

A

Rheumatic heart disease - Mitral most commonly involved valve

26
Q

What are the indications to operate on a stenotic valve?

A

When symptomatic or valve area < 1cm2

27
Q

What is the MC site for prosthetic valve infection?

A

Aortic valve

28
Q

What is the MC site for native valve infection?

A

Mitral valve

29
Q

What is the MC organism resposible of endocarditis?

A

S. Aureus

30
Q

What are the indication for surgery in endocarditis?

A

Failure of antimicrobial therapy, valve failure, perivalvular abscesses, pericarditis

31
Q

Which patients need periprocedural endocarditis prophylaxis?

A

Prosthetic valves, rheumatic heart disease, congenital cardiac malformations, MVP with MR, previous hx of bacterial endocarditis

32
Q

What is the MC benign tumor of the heart?

A

Myxoma - 75% in LA

33
Q

What is the MC malignant tumor of the heart?

A

Angiosarcoma

34
Q

What is the MC metastatic tumor of the heart?

A

Lung CA

35
Q

What tissue in the body has the lowest oxygen tension?

A

Coronary veins due to high oxygen extraction by myocardium

36
Q

What is the postpericardiotomy syndrome? What is the treatment?

A

Pericardial friction rub, fever, chest pain, SOB

Tx - NSAIDs, steroids

37
Q

What is the first sign of cardiac tamponade in ECHO?

A

decrease right atrial diastolic filling

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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