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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Immunology > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What interleukins are released by Helper T cells (CD4)?

A

IL-2 and IL-4

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2
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

Causes B-cell maturation into plasma cells

Converts lymphocytes to LAK cells by enhacing their immune response to tumor

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3
Q

What is the function of IL-4?

A

Causes maturation of cytotoxic T cells

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4
Q

What cytokines are released by Th1 helper T cells and which proccess are they involved?

A

Predominant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma)
Involved in cell-mediated responses

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5
Q

What cytokines are released by Th2 helper T cells and which proccess are they involved?

A

Predominant release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 –> inhibits macrophages)
Involved in atopy and allergic responses

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6
Q

What is the function of Suppressor T cells (CD8)?

A

Regulate CD4 and CD8 cells

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7
Q

What is the function of Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)?

A

Recognize and attack non-self antigens attached to MHC class I receptors

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8
Q

Mention the letters for MHC class I and their function.

A

A, B and C

CD8 cell activation, single chain with 5 domains and target for cytotoxic T cells

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9
Q

Mention the letters for MHC class II and their function.

A

DR, DP and DQ

CD4 cell activation, 2 chains with 4 domains each, activator for helper T cells and stimulate antibody formation

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10
Q

Which MHC class is present on all nucleated cells?

A

MHC class I

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11
Q

Which MHC class is present on B cells, dendrites, monocytes and APCs?

A

MHC class II

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12
Q

What is the usual immunologic response to a viral infection?

A

Endogenous viral proteins produce are bound to class I MHC, go to cell surface and are recognized by CD8 cytotoxic T cells.

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13
Q

What is the usual immunologic response to a bacterial infection?

A

Endocytosis –> proteins get bound to class II MHC –> go to cell surface and are recognized by CD4 helper T cells –> B cells are activated and then produced the antibody to that antigen transforming to plasma and memory B cells

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14
Q

Which cells are part of the body’s natural immunosurveillance for cancer?

A

Natural Killer cells which usually recognize cells that lack self-MHC

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15
Q

Which is the largest antibody with 5 domains?

A

IgM

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16
Q

Which is the most abundant antibody in the body?

A

IgG - can cross placenta and provides protection in newborn period

17
Q

Which is the antibody found in secretions, Peyer’s patches in gut and in breast milk?

A

IgA - helps prevent microbial adherence and invasion in gut

18
Q

Which antibody is membrane-bound receptor on B cells?

A

IgD

19
Q

Which antibody is involved in allergic reactions and parasite infections?

A

IgE

20
Q

Which antibodies are opsonins and fix complement?

A

IgM and IgG

21
Q

Which region of the antibody perform antigen recognition?

A

Variable region

22
Q

Which region of the antibody recognized PMNs and macrophages?

A

Constant region

23
Q

What is the major source of histamine in blood?

A

Basophils

24
Q

What is the major source of histamine in tissue?

A

Mast cells

25
Q

What are the three primary lymphoid organs?

A

Liver, bone, thymus

26
Q

What are the two secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen and Lymph nodes

27
Q

What are the indications for tetanus in non-tetanus prone wounds?

A

Give tetanus toxoid only if patient has received < 3 doses or tetanus status unknown

28
Q

What is a tetanus prone wound?

A

> 6 hours old; obvious contamination and devitalized tissue; crush, burn, frostbite or missile injuries

29
Q

What are the indications for tetanus in tetanus prone wounds?

A

Always give tetanus toxoid unless patient has had >3 doses and it has been <5 years since last booster

30
Q

What are the indication for tetanus immune globulin?

A

Give only to patient with tetanus-prone wounds who have not been immunized or if immunization status unknown

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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