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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Inflammation & Cytokines > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Inflammation & Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of PDGF?

A

Chemotactic and activates inflammatory cells (PMNs and macrophages)
Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis
Epithelialization
Chemotactic for smooth muscle cells

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2
Q

What are the effects of EGF?

A

Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis - stimulated by V-EGF
Epithelialization

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3
Q

What are the effects of FGF?

A

Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis
Epithelialization

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4
Q

What are the effects of PAF?

A

Generated by phospholipase in endothelium and other cells

Stimulates many types of inflammatory cells; chemotactic; increase adhesion molecules

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5
Q

What is the timeline of the cells during inflammation?

A

PMNs - last 1-2 days in tissues (7 days in blood)
PLTs - last 7-10 days
Lymphocytes - chronic inflammation (T cells) and antibody production (B cells)

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6
Q

What is the main source of histamine in blood?

A

Basophils

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7
Q

What is the main source of histamine in tissues other than stomach?

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

What are the effects of histamine?

A

Vasodilation, tissue edema, postcapillary leakage

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9
Q

What are the effects of bradykinin?

A

Vasodilation, increased permeability, pain, contraction of pulmonary arterioles

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10
Q

What is the precursor of nitric oxide?

A

Arginine

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11
Q

What are the two main initial cytokines released in response to injury and infection?

A

TNF-alpha and IL-1

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12
Q

What cells are the larger producers of TNF?

A

Macrophages

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13
Q

What are the effects of TNF-alpha?

A

Fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, increase CO, decrease SVRI –> high [] ca cause circulatory collapse and MOF

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14
Q

What are the effects of TNF-alpha?

A

Fever - PGE2 mediated in hypothalamus
Alveolar macrophages cause fever with atelectasis by releasing IL-1
Also increase IL-6 production

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15
Q

What are the effects of IL-6?

A

Increase hepatic acute phase proteins (CRP, amyloid A)

Lymphocyte activation

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16
Q

What are the effects of interferon?

A

Released by lymphocytes in response to viral infection

Activate macrophages, NK cells and cytotoxic T cells

17
Q

Mention the acute phase response proteins.

A

Increased –> CRP, amyloid A and P, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin and C3
Decreased –> albumin and transferrin

18
Q

What are the anaphylotoxins?

A

C3a, C4a, C5a –> increased vascular permeability

19
Q

What are the two complement agents that cause chemotaxis?

A

C3a, C5a

20
Q

Which drug inhibit COX reversibly?

A

NSAIDs

21
Q

Which drug inhibit COX irreversibly?

A

ASA

22
Q

What cells is the primary mediator of reperfusion injury?

A

PMNs

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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