ABSITE Review - Inflammation & Cytokines Flashcards
What are the effects of PDGF?
Chemotactic and activates inflammatory cells (PMNs and macrophages)
Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis
Epithelialization
Chemotactic for smooth muscle cells
What are the effects of EGF?
Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis - stimulated by V-EGF
Epithelialization
What are the effects of FGF?
Chemotactic and activates fibroblasts –> collagen and ECM proteins
Angiogenesis
Epithelialization
What are the effects of PAF?
Generated by phospholipase in endothelium and other cells
Stimulates many types of inflammatory cells; chemotactic; increase adhesion molecules
What is the timeline of the cells during inflammation?
PMNs - last 1-2 days in tissues (7 days in blood)
PLTs - last 7-10 days
Lymphocytes - chronic inflammation (T cells) and antibody production (B cells)
What is the main source of histamine in blood?
Basophils
What is the main source of histamine in tissues other than stomach?
Mast cells
What are the effects of histamine?
Vasodilation, tissue edema, postcapillary leakage
What are the effects of bradykinin?
Vasodilation, increased permeability, pain, contraction of pulmonary arterioles
What is the precursor of nitric oxide?
Arginine
What are the two main initial cytokines released in response to injury and infection?
TNF-alpha and IL-1
What cells are the larger producers of TNF?
Macrophages
What are the effects of TNF-alpha?
Fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, increase CO, decrease SVRI –> high [] ca cause circulatory collapse and MOF
What are the effects of TNF-alpha?
Fever - PGE2 mediated in hypothalamus
Alveolar macrophages cause fever with atelectasis by releasing IL-1
Also increase IL-6 production
What are the effects of IL-6?
Increase hepatic acute phase proteins (CRP, amyloid A)
Lymphocyte activation