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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Oncology > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

MC cancer in women

A

Breast CA

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2
Q

MC cause of CA-related death in women and men

A

Lung CA

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3
Q

MC CA in men

A

Prostate CA

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4
Q

What molecules are detected by PET scan?

A

Fluorodeoxyglucose molecules

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5
Q

Tumor Markers

A

MENTION

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6
Q

CEA

A

colon CA

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7
Q

AFP

A

liver CA

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8
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic CA

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9
Q

CA 125

A

ovarian CA

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10
Q

Beta-HCG

A

testicular CA, choriocarcinoma

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11
Q

PSA

A

prostate CA

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12
Q

NSE

A

small cell lung CA, neuroblastoma

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13
Q

BRCA I and II

A

breast CA

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14
Q

Malignancies associated with Infectious Agents

A

MENTION

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15
Q

Cervical CA

A

HPV

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16
Q

Gastric CA

A

H pylori

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17
Q

HCC

A

Hepatitis B and C

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18
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma and Primary effusion lymphoma

A

HHV-8

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19
Q

Splenic lymphoma

A

Hepatitis C

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20
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma (8:14 translocation) and nasopharyngeal CA (c-myc)

A

EBV

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21
Q

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

A

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1

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22
Q

What is the most vulnerable phase of the cell cycle to radiation?

A

M phase

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23
Q

What is the main target of radiation therapy? What is the mechanism of action?

A

DNA

Formation of oxygen radicals

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24
Q

What are the very radiosensitive tumors?

A

Seminomas, Lymphomas

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25
Q

What are the very redioresistant tumors?

A

Epithelial, Sarcomas

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26
Q

What tumors are les responsive to radiation? Why?

A

Large tumors due to lack of oxygen in the tumor

27
Q

What is the MOA of tamixifen?

A

Blocks estrogen receptors and decrease short-term risk of breast CA

28
Q

Waht two chemotherapy agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Bleomycin and Busulfan

29
Q

What are three side effects of cisplatin?

A

Nephrotoxic, Neurotoxic and Ototoxic

30
Q

What is the MOA of vincristine and vinblastine? What are the side effects?

A

Microtubule inhibitor
Vincristine - peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxic
Vinblastine - bone (myelo) suppression

31
Q

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide? What are the side effects?

A

Alkylating agents - transfer alkyl groups, form covalent bonds
SEs: gonal dysfunction, SIADH, hemorrhagic cystitis

32
Q

What medication can help with hemorrhagic cystitis?

33
Q

What is the MOA of the methotrexate? What are the side effects?

A

Inhibits DHFR, which inhibits purine and DNA synthesis

SEs: renal toxicity, radiation recall

34
Q

What is the MOA of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)?

A

Inhibits thymidylate synthesis, which inhibits purine and DNA synthesis

35
Q

What is the MOA of doxorubicin?

A

DNA intercalator, O2 radical formation

36
Q

What is the MOA of etoposide?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase

37
Q

What are the least myelosuppressive chemotherapy agents?

A

Bleomycin, vincristine, busulfan, cisplatin

38
Q

What is GCSF? What is the side effect?

A

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used for neutrophil recovery after chemo
SEs: Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutropenic dermatitis)

39
Q

Tumor Suppressor genes

A

Mention the chromosome involved and/or the MOA

40
Q

Retinoblastoma (Rb1)

A

Ch 13, involved in cell cycle

41
Q

p53

A

Ch 17, involved in cell cycle

42
Q

APC

A

Ch 5, involved with cell adhesion and cytoskeleton function

43
Q

DCC

A

Ch 18, involved in cell adhesion

44
Q

bcl

A

involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)

45
Q

Proto-oncogenes

A

Mention the MOA

46
Q

ras proto-oncogene

A

G-protein defect

47
Q

src proto-oncogene

A

Tyrosine Kinase defect

48
Q

sis proto-oncogene

A

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor defect

49
Q

erb B proto-oncogene

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor defect

50
Q

myc (c-myc, n-myc, l-myc) proto-oncogene

A

Transcription factors

51
Q

What is the Li-Fraumeni syndrome?

A

Defect in p53 gene

Associated with childhood sarcomas, breast CA, brain tumors, leukemia, adrenal CA

52
Q

What is the CA and Ch associated with RET proto-oncogene?

A

Medullary CA of the thyroid - Ch 10

90% get medullary CA of thyroid; need prophylatic total thyroidectomy

53
Q

What are the genes involved in the development of colon CA?

A

APC, p53, DCC and k-ras

54
Q

Carcinogens

A

Mention the CA associated

55
Q

Coal tar

A

Larynx, skin, bronchial CA

56
Q

Beta-naphthylamine

A

Urinary tract CA (bladder CA)

57
Q

Benzene

58
Q

Asbestos

A

Mesothelioma

59
Q

What is the #1 cause of small bowel metastases?

60
Q

What is the #1 cause of bone metastases?

61
Q

Describe each phase of a clinical trial.

A

Phase I - is it safe and at what dose?
Phase II - is it effective?
Phase III - is it better than existing therapy?
Phase IV - implementation and marketing

62
Q

What are the most successfully cured metastases with surgery?

A

Colon CA in liver, sarcoma to the lung but survival still overall for these

63
Q

What is the only tumor that surgical debulking improves chemotherapy?

A

Ovarian CA

64
Q

What are the curable solid tumors with chemotherapy only?

A

Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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