ABSITE Review - Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
MC cancer in women
A
Breast CA
2
Q
MC cause of CA-related death in women and men
A
Lung CA
3
Q
MC CA in men
A
Prostate CA
4
Q
What molecules are detected by PET scan?
A
Fluorodeoxyglucose molecules
5
Q
Tumor Markers
A
MENTION
6
Q
CEA
A
colon CA
7
Q
AFP
A
liver CA
8
Q
CA 19-9
A
pancreatic CA
9
Q
CA 125
A
ovarian CA
10
Q
Beta-HCG
A
testicular CA, choriocarcinoma
11
Q
PSA
A
prostate CA
12
Q
NSE
A
small cell lung CA, neuroblastoma
13
Q
BRCA I and II
A
breast CA
14
Q
Malignancies associated with Infectious Agents
A
MENTION
15
Q
Cervical CA
A
HPV
16
Q
Gastric CA
A
H pylori
17
Q
HCC
A
Hepatitis B and C
18
Q
Kaposi’s sarcoma and Primary effusion lymphoma
A
HHV-8
19
Q
Splenic lymphoma
A
Hepatitis C
20
Q
Burkitt’s lymphoma (8:14 translocation) and nasopharyngeal CA (c-myc)
A
EBV
21
Q
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
A
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1
22
Q
What is the most vulnerable phase of the cell cycle to radiation?
A
M phase
23
Q
What is the main target of radiation therapy? What is the mechanism of action?
A
DNA
Formation of oxygen radicals
24
Q
What are the very radiosensitive tumors?
A
Seminomas, Lymphomas
25
What are the very redioresistant tumors?
Epithelial, Sarcomas
26
What tumors are les responsive to radiation? Why?
Large tumors due to lack of oxygen in the tumor
27
What is the MOA of tamixifen?
Blocks estrogen receptors and decrease short-term risk of breast CA
28
Waht two chemotherapy agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis?
Bleomycin and Busulfan
29
What are three side effects of cisplatin?
Nephrotoxic, Neurotoxic and Ototoxic
30
What is the MOA of vincristine and vinblastine? What are the side effects?
Microtubule inhibitor
Vincristine - peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxic
Vinblastine - bone (myelo) suppression
31
What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide? What are the side effects?
Alkylating agents - transfer alkyl groups, form covalent bonds
SEs: gonal dysfunction, SIADH, hemorrhagic cystitis
32
What medication can help with hemorrhagic cystitis?
Mesna
33
What is the MOA of the methotrexate? What are the side effects?
Inhibits DHFR, which inhibits purine and DNA synthesis
| SEs: renal toxicity, radiation recall
34
What is the MOA of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)?
Inhibits thymidylate synthesis, which inhibits purine and DNA synthesis
35
What is the MOA of doxorubicin?
DNA intercalator, O2 radical formation
36
What is the MOA of etoposide?
Inhibits topoisomerase
37
What are the least myelosuppressive chemotherapy agents?
Bleomycin, vincristine, busulfan, cisplatin
38
What is GCSF? What is the side effect?
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used for neutrophil recovery after chemo
SEs: Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutropenic dermatitis)
39
Tumor Suppressor genes
Mention the chromosome involved and/or the MOA
40
Retinoblastoma (Rb1)
Ch 13, involved in cell cycle
41
p53
Ch 17, involved in cell cycle
42
APC
Ch 5, involved with cell adhesion and cytoskeleton function
43
DCC
Ch 18, involved in cell adhesion
44
bcl
involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)
45
Proto-oncogenes
Mention the MOA
46
ras proto-oncogene
G-protein defect
47
src proto-oncogene
Tyrosine Kinase defect
48
sis proto-oncogene
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor defect
49
erb B proto-oncogene
Epidermal growth factor receptor defect
50
myc (c-myc, n-myc, l-myc) proto-oncogene
Transcription factors
51
What is the Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
Defect in p53 gene
| Associated with childhood sarcomas, breast CA, brain tumors, leukemia, adrenal CA
52
What is the CA and Ch associated with RET proto-oncogene?
Medullary CA of the thyroid - Ch 10
| 90% get medullary CA of thyroid; need prophylatic total thyroidectomy
53
What are the genes involved in the development of colon CA?
APC, p53, DCC and k-ras
54
Carcinogens
Mention the CA associated
55
Coal tar
Larynx, skin, bronchial CA
56
Beta-naphthylamine
Urinary tract CA (bladder CA)
57
Benzene
Leukemia
58
Asbestos
Mesothelioma
59
What is the #1 cause of small bowel metastases?
Melanoma
60
What is the #1 cause of bone metastases?
Breast CA
61
Describe each phase of a clinical trial.
Phase I - is it safe and at what dose?
Phase II - is it effective?
Phase III - is it better than existing therapy?
Phase IV - implementation and marketing
62
What are the most successfully cured metastases with surgery?
Colon CA in liver, sarcoma to the lung but survival still overall for these
63
What is the only tumor that surgical debulking improves chemotherapy?
Ovarian CA
64
What are the curable solid tumors with chemotherapy only?
Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
