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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - GI Hormones > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - GI Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Mention the cells that produce the following hormones.

A

Mention the cells that produce the following hormones.

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2
Q

Gastrin

A

G cells in antrum

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3
Q

Somatostatin

A

D cells in antrum

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4
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

A

K cells in duodenum

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5
Q

CCK

A

I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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6
Q

Secretin

A

S cells of duodenum

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7
Q

Insulin

A

Beta-cells of the pancreas

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8
Q

Glucagon

A

Alpha-cells of the pancreas

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9
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide

A

Islet cells in pancreas

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10
Q

Motilin

A

Intestinal cells of gut

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11
Q

What stimulates the secretion of GASTRIN?

A

AAs, vagal input (Ach), Ca, ETOH, antral distention, pH >3.0

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12
Q

What inhibits the secretion of GASTRIN?

A

pH < 3.0, somatostatin, secretin, CCK, VIP, GIP

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13
Q

What are the target cells of GASTRIN? What is the response?

A

Target cells - parietal cells and chief cells

Response - increase HCl, IF and pepsinogen secretion

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14
Q

What stimulates the secretion of SOMATOSTATIN?

A

Acid in the duodenum

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15
Q

What are the target cells of SOMATOSTATIN? What is the response?

A

Target cells - many; it is the great inhibitor
Response - inhibits gastrin and HCl release; inhibits release of insulin, glucagons, secretin, GIP, motilin, neurotensin, enteroglucagon; decrease pancreatic and biliary outoput

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16
Q

What stimulates the secretion of GIP?

A

AAs, glucose, long-chain FAs, decrease pH

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17
Q

What are the target cells of GIP? What is the response?

A

Target cells - parietal cells of the stomach and beta cells of the pancreas
Response - decrease HCl secretion and pepsin; increase insulin release

18
Q

What stimulates the secretion of CCK?

A

AAs, fatty acids chains

19
Q

What are the response to CCK?

A

Response - GB contraction, relaxation of sphincter of Oddi, increase pancreatic enzyme secretion, some increase intestinal motility

20
Q

What stimulates the secretion of SECRETIN?

A

Fat, bile, pH < 4.0

21
Q

What inhibits the secretion of SECRETIN?

A

pH > 4.0, gastrin

22
Q

What are the responses to SECRETIN?

A

Response - increase pancreatic bicarbonate release, increase bile flow, inhibits gastrin release (this is reverse on patients with gastrinoma) and inhibits HCl release

23
Q

How varies the composition of a high vs slow pancreatic duct output?

A

High pancreatic duct output - increase HCO3, decrease Cl

Slow pancreatic duct output - increase Cl, decrease HCO3 (carbonic anhydrase in duct exchange HCO3 for Cl)

24
Q

What stimulates the secretion of VIP?

A

Fat, ACh

25
Q

What are the response to VIP?

A

Response - increase intestinal secretion (water and electrolytes) and motility. Inhibits gastrin release.

26
Q

What stimulates the secretion of INSULIN?

A

Glucose, glucagons, CCK

27
Q

What inhibits the secretion of INSULIN?

A

Somatostatin, pancreatostatin

28
Q

What are the responses to INSULIN?

A

Response - cellular glucose uptake; promotes protein synthesis

29
Q

What stimulates the secretion of GLUCAGON?

A

Decrease glucose, increase AAs, ACh, gastrin releasing peptide

30
Q

What inhibits the secretion of GLUCAGON?

A

Increase glucose, increase insulin, somatostatin

31
Q

What are the responses to GLUCAGON?

A

Response - glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, decrease gastric acid secretion, decrease pancreatic secretion, decrease intestinal motility, decrease stomach motility, increase LES pressure, decrease MMCs

32
Q

What stimulates the secretion of Pancreatic Polypeptide?

A

Food, vagal stimulation, other GI hormones

33
Q

What are the response to Pancreatic polypeptide?

A

Response - decrease pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

34
Q

What stimulates the secretion of MOTILIN?

A

Duodenal acid, food, vagus input, gastrin-releasing peptide

35
Q

What inhibits the secretion of MOTILIN?

A

Somatostatin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, duodenal fat

36
Q

What are the responses to MOTILIN?

A

Response - increase intestinal (small bowel) motility –> erythromycin acts on this receptor

37
Q

What are the responses to Bombesin (gastric releasing peptide)?

A

Increase intestinal motor activity, increase pancreatic enzyme secretion, increase gastric acid secretion

38
Q

What are the responses to peptide YY?

A

Inhibits acid secretion and stomach contraction; inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion

39
Q

What is the usual recovery time of small bowel?

A

24 hours

40
Q

What is the usual recovery time of stomach?

A

48 hours

41
Q

What is the usual recovery time of colon?

A

3-5 days

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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