AATBS practice exam 7

Question 1

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has lasted for at least six months and had an onset before ___ years of age

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Habit reversal training is used to

Answer 2

eliminate habits and other undesirable repetitive behaviors, including tics, trichotillomania, and stuttering.

Question 3

a condition involving postural rigidity and a lack of response to external stimuli

Answer 3

catalepsy

Question 4

a sudden loss of muscle tone that can produce muscle weakness, loss of voluntary muscle control, or postural collapse

Answer 4

Cataplexy is associated with narcolepsy. Cataplexy is often precipitated by strong emotion and causes flaccid paralysis (loss of muscle tone).

Question 5

Narcolepsy involves recurrent periods of an irresistible need to sleep. People diagnosed with this disorder often experience ____ hallucinations.

Answer 5

hypnagogic or hypnopompic

Question 6

Hypnagogic hallucinations occur while

Answer 6

falling asleep

Question 7

hypnopompic hallucinations occur while

Answer 7

waking up.

Question 8

For individuals with Tourette’s Disorder, the onset of __tics ordinarily precedes the onset of ___tics.

Answer 8

motor ; vocal

Question 9

Tourettes: The reported mean age of onset of motor tics varies, but a commonly reported range is between___years. The onset of vocal tics is usually later, with a mean age of ___

Answer 9

5 and 7 ; 11 years.

Question 10

The dorsolateral prefrontal region mediates ____. Damage to this area is associated with

Answer 10

executive cognitive functions; deficits in attention, planning, problem-solving, and other higher-order cognitive abilities as well as reduced sexual interest and apathy.

Question 11

_______ is an entirely novel word, sometimes produced by someone with aphasia.

Answer 11

neologism

Question 12

___ is a common symptom of early stages multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

ataxia

Question 13

akinesia

Answer 13

complete or almost complete loss of movement and is associated with advanced, or final stage multiple sclerosis.

Question 14

akathisia

Answer 14

an uncomfortable sense of restlessness or agitation.

Question 15

athetosis

Answer 15

Athetosis involves slow writhing involuntary movements.

Question 16

Agranulocytosis is a potential side effect of clozapine, carbamazepine, and a number of other psychiatric drugs. Which of the following are early symptoms of agranulocytosis?

Answer 16

fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, and lethargy

Question 17

A paradoxical effect occurs when

Answer 17

a medication causes side effects of outcomes opposite of the intended outcome. Although, paradoxical effects are observed in people with ADHD, it is more commonly associated with amphetamines or stimulant medications and benzodiazepines.

Question 18

__ occurs when one presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters many times over some time.

Answer 18

Temporal summation

Question 19

_______ have a dual function. They produce ova or sperms, and they secrete hormones.

Answer 19

gonads

Question 20

___ contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

Answer 20

The dorsal root ganglia

Question 21

___ is a natural alkaloid anticholinergic agent that has potent antimuscarinic effects and is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia.

Answer 21

Atropine

Question 22

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to offset or reduce the negative effects associated with menopause. Some treatments involve altering estrogen levels only, while others involve altering both estrogen and progesterone levels. HRT tends to be effective for _____

Answer 22

eliminating hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

Question 23

___ occurs when acuity is poor in one eye, even though the eye and retina are normal.

Answer 23

Amblyopia

Question 24

One disadvantage of the SSRI’s is that they may temporarily exacerbate ____

Answer 24

sleep and anxiety problems.

Question 25

Amitriptyline is a ___antidepressant that increases the levels of both ____by inhibiting their reuptake.

Answer 25

tricyclic ; norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 26

someone with transcortical aphasia most likely experience

Answer 26

significant difficulties in both producing and comprehending speech

Question 27

As defined by Piaget, a __________ circular reaction occurs when a baby’s action gets a pleasurable or interesting response from an object or other person, which then leads the baby to repeat the action.

Answer 27

secondary

Question 28

Early studies on in-group preferences found that children typically demonstrate preferences for members of their own ethnic/racial group and gender by about age

Answer 28

4 and 5, respectively

Question 29

For children of divorced parents, increased frequency of contact with the noncustodial father:

Answer 29

is associated with fewer behavior problems and better academic achievement only when the father is supportive and authoritative

Question 30

Studies investigating self-recognition in young children have found that by _______ months of age, over 60% of toddlers recognize their own image in a mirror.

Answer 30

21

Question 31

Kochanska and Knaack (2003) conclude that effortful (inhibitory) control is an important contributor to the early development of conscience. Their research found that effortful control becomes a stable, coherent trait by ________ months of age.

Answer 31

33-45

Question 32

Egan and Perry’s (2001) multidimensional model of gender identity consists of five components: membership knowledge, gender typicality, gender contentedness, felt pressure, and:

Answer 32

.
intergroup bias

Question 33

According to Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory, the development of gender identity involves a sequence of three stages:

Answer 33

gender identity, gender stability, and gender constancy.

Question 34

Research using elicited imitation tasks (e.g., imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet) indicate that, for most infants, the onset of the ability to recall the past occurs:

Answer 34

between 6 and 12 months of age

Question 35

Gerald Patterson and his colleagues have developed a model to explain the origins of adolescent delinquency. Their approach is most consistent with which of the following?

Answer 35

social learning theory

Question 36

Dr. Richard Ferber’s method for getting babies to sleep (“Ferberizing”) is supported by many experts and involves:

Answer 36

a progressive waiting approach

Question 37

The age of onset of separation anxiety varies from child to child but is usually between six and eight months of age. It then peaks in intensity at about ______ months and thereafter declines.

Answer 37

14-18 months

Question 38

Baumrind found that children of permissive parents tend to be

Answer 38

“impulsive-aggressive.”

Question 39

Baumrind found that children of authoritative parents are most often

Answer 39

“energetic-friendly.”

Question 40

Based on her study of preschoolers and their parents, Diana Baumrind (1967, 1971) concluded that children of __________ parents tend to be aggressive, mistrusting, dependent, and “conflicted-irritable.”

Answer 40

authoritarian

Question 41

Which is not true about crowding?
Answer A: Men do tend to be more adversely affected by crowding.

Answer B: Children are less affected by crowding than adults.

Answer C: People are more willing to discuss intimate details in crowded (versus uncrowded) conditions

Answer D: Living and working in crowded conditions is associated with more health problems.

Answer 41

c

Question 42

Social comparison theory’s predictions about behavior are particularly applicable to:

Answer 42

situations involving uncertainty

Question 43

____ unlike other consultation modes, focuses on social systems rather than individuals or small groups. A distinctive characteristic of ___ is that it is based on an explicit value orientation that targets social change in the direction of power equalization.

Answer 43

Advocacy consultation,

Question 44

When working with older adults, it is important to remember that

Answer 44

there is greater variability among older people than younger people on a range of characteristics (physical health, cognitive skills, income, etc.).

Question 45

Emotional triangles are a central part of __’s theory of family pathology. According to ___, emotional triangles help reduce ____

Answer 45

Bowen, bowen, conflict & stress

Question 46

_____ focuses on dysfunctional communication patterns.

Answer 46

Haley’s strategic family therapy

Question 47

The family projection process is a focus of ___

Answer 47

Bowen’s extended family systems therapy.

Question 48

For practitioners of Minuchin’s structural family therapy, a symptom is:

Answer 48

a maladaptive reaction to stress

Question 49

In family therapy, the husband and wife complain that they seem to hardly have anything in common anymore. The therapist responds by saying, “I agree. It truly seems that you two have absolutely nothing in common whatsoever.” The therapist’s response is an example of which of the following?

Answer 49

positioning

Question 50

Results of Pope’s (1992) survey of APA members indicated that which of the following issues was cited most frequently as being ethically troubling or challenging?
Question 81

Answer 50

confidentialitty

Question 51

The Ethics Code mandates that contributors to research be given appropriate credit. At a minimum, ___

Answer 51

the student should be acknowledged for his/her assistance in a footnote or introductory statement.

Question 52

Hersey and Blanchard’s (1982) situational leadership model is based on the premise that a leader’s style should match the ___, which is ___

Answer 52

“maturity level” of the employee, related to both ability and motivation.___

Question 53

A __ style is appropriate for employees who are moderate in maturity (are unable but willing or confident).

Answer 53

selling

Question 54

A ____ leadership style is best for employees who are low in maturity (are both unable and unwilling or insecure).

Answer 54

telling

Question 55

A _____ leadership style is most effective for employees who are moderate to high in maturity (are able but unwilling or insecure).

Answer 55

participative

Question 56

According to John D. Krumboltz (1996), career development and career choice are primarily related to:

Answer 56

social learning

Question 57

H. Schein (1992) proposed that organizational culture exists on which of the following three levels?

Answer 57

Observable artifacts, espoused values and beliefs, and underlying assumptions

Question 58

studies conducted at Ohio State University, which found that leader behavior can be described in terms of two dimensions: ___

Answer 58

initiating structure (task-orientation) and consideration (person-orientation).

Question 59

The Position Analysis Questionnaire provides information on six dimensions of worker activity (e.g., mental processes, relationships). The PAQ is a quantitative, worker-oriented method of collecting data for the purpose of __

Answer 59

job analysis.

Question 60

In a centralized communication network, all communication passes through a central person. The_____are examples of a centralized communication network, while the __is an example of a decentralized network in which information can flow freely from one individual to another without having to go through a central person.

Answer 60

wheel, chain, and Y ; circle

Question 61

Criterion deficiency occurs when

Answer 61

the criterion measure fails to include or underrepresents important aspects of the criterion construct.

Question 62

There is evidence that the rotating shift has fewer negative consequences when the rotation is ___ and is ____

Answer 62

clockwise (morning, afternoon, night); either rapid or slow.

Question 63

The primary goal of self-instructional training (SIT) for children exhibiting hyperactivity and excessive impulsivity is to:

Answer 63

insert thought between stimulus and response

Question 64

From the perspective of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy:

Answer 64

people are biologically prone to the acquisition of irrational beliefs

Question 65

The serial position effect refers to the tendency of people

Answer 65

to recall words in the beginning and end of a list better than words in the middle of the list when asked to recall the words immediately after reading the list

Question 66

Research on the serial position effect has provided evidence for

Answer 66

the distinction between short- and long-term memory

Question 67

Research on Baddeley’s (2000) multi-component model of working memory suggests that the ____________ plays an essential role in mental arithmetic and is responsible for accessing and executing computational algorithms and heuristics.

Answer 67

central executive

Question 68

When there is a brief delay between exposure to the list and recall, words at the ___ of the list are recalled best.

Answer 68

beginning

Question 69

The term “scallop” is ordinarily applied to the response pattern that is observed when an organism is being reinforced on a fixed interval schedule. When using an FI schedule, the delivery of reinforcement is typically followed ___On a cumulative record, this produces a “scallop.”

Answer 69

first by a pause in responding and then an increasing rate of responding until the next reinforcement is delivered.

Question 70

According to the _______________, “successful intelligence” is the ability to adapt to, modify, and choose environments that accomplish one’s goals and the goals of society and proposes that it is composed of three abilities - analytical, creative, and practical.

Answer 70

Sternberg’s triarchic theory

Question 71

The ____ is a non-linguistic intelligence test for deaf children from age 3 to 17 years old. It assesses learning abilities and is used as a predictor of academic achievement for the hearing impaired.

Answer 71

Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H-NTLA)