A3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What does ergogenic aid mean?

A

It is any substance or phenomenon that improves an athlete’s performance

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2
Q

What is the positive effect of placebo?

A
  • Belief that a beneficial treatment or intervention has been received (physiological, behavioural, emotional or cognitive)
  • Often used as a control during experiments investigating treatments, used to control validity
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3
Q

What are the negative effects of placebo?

A
  • Athlete may think they are experiencing negative effects (physiological, behavioral, emotional or cognitive)
  • A endurance performer may ingest a sports drink containing carbohydrates or artificial sweetener
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4
Q

What are five classes of non-nutritional ergogenic aids that are currently banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Anti-Doping Agency?

A
  • anabolic steroids
  • hormones and related substances
  • diuretics and masking agents
  • beta blockers
  • stimulants
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5
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

Give unfair advantage or added strength to the performer, can be dangerous with elevated aggression)

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6
Q

What do hormones and related substances do?

A

Stimulate growth quicker than others, unfair advantage

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7
Q

What do diuretics and masking agents do?

A

Masks other illegal ergogenic aids that may have been taken

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8
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Decreases heart rate so performer can be more steady, commonly desired in shooting or precision sports

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9
Q

What do stimulants do?

A

Elevates heart rate, to get performer going, desired in fighting type sports

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10
Q

What are the benefits of anabolic steroids?

A

Artificially produced hormones –> promote muscle growth, produces lean body weight

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11
Q

What are the side effects oof anabolic steroids?

A

Liver damage, acne, excessive aggression

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12
Q

What are the benefits of erythropoietin (EPO)?

A

A natural hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, which increases haemoglobin levels –> increases oxygen-carrying capacity, increase amount of work able to be done (muscular endurance)

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13
Q

What are the side effects of EPO?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Viscosity of the blood
  • Blood clotting
  • Risk of heart attacks, strokes causing death
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14
Q

What are the benefits of beta blockers?

A

Help to calm an individual down (lowers the heart rate)
–> steadies the nerves, can improve accuracy

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15
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A
  • tiredness
  • low blood pressure
  • slower heart rate
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16
Q

What are the benefits of caffeine (stimulants)?

A

Increase alertness and physical processes in the body –> improve the mobilisation of fatty acids, decreased tiredness, increases metabolism, increased alertness

17
Q

What are the side effects of caffeine (stimulants)?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Insomnia
  • Weight loss
  • Cardiovascular problems causing death
18
Q

What are the benefits of diuretics?

A

Drug can conceal the presence of a prohibited substance in urine or other samples –> mask other performance enhancing drugs

19
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A
  • dehydration
  • upset stomach
  • feeling faint
  • dizziness and low blood pressure
  • affects thermoregulation
  • loss of electrolytes and mineral salts –> fatigue and muscle cramping
  • exhaustion and cardiac arrest
  • kidney failure