5.1 Characteristics and classification of skill Flashcards
Define the term skill
Skill is the consistent production of goal-oriented moments, which are learned and specific to the taste (McMorris 2004)
What are the 4 types of skills?
Cognitive skills
Motor skills
Perceptual skills
Perceptual-motor skills
What are cognitive skills?
Cognitive skills are the thinking skills. They are used in decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving. Success is not “executing”.
What are motor skills?
Emphasises movement without much thinking.
What are perceptual skills?
Ability to sense and interpret environment to paint a picture of surroundings. Vision, haptic, auditory. Perceptual skills are used to interpret information gathered through your senses to guide your actions.
What are perceptual-motor skills?
Involves thought, interpretation, and movement skills. Depend on high perceptual ability, and adaptability to environment. Thought-interpretation-movement.
An example of cognitive skills
Which golf club to use
An example of motor skills
Shooting a hoop in basketball
An example of perceptual skills
Watching the goalkeeper during penalties
An example of perceptual-motor skills
The start of a race hearing the gun
Identify the different skill classification continua
Fine —> Gross
Individual —> Coative —> interactive
Open —> Closed
External —> Internal
Discrete —> Serial —> Continuous
Explain fine —> gross
Gross = involves large muscle groups (legs and arms) ex. walking, jumping, running, and kicking HURDLES
Fine = involves small muscle groups and fine movements, intricate, precise, and high levels of hand-eye coordination PLAYING PIANO
Explain individual —> coative —> interactive
Individual skills: performed in isolation. Only one performer is involved at one time. VAULT GYM
Coactive skills: performed with someone else, but no direct confrontation. SPEED SKATING
Interactive skills: performers are directly involved and can involve confrontation. Active opposition and influences the skill.
Explain discrete —> serial —> continuous
Discreet skills have a definite beginning and a definite end e.g. a handstand = you start balanced on foot, end balanced on hands
Serial skills are discreet skills linked together e.g. a triple jump links a hop, a step, and a jump
Continuous skills cannot be easily broken down into discreet skills as they must be performed continually e.g. pedalling a bike
Explain open —> closed (stability of environment)
Open = environmental conditions have significant impact, dictates pace of movement, environment is largely variable and unpredictable, adaptability is crucial for athlete, perceptual and perceptual-motor skills are vital ex. formula 1, rugby
Closed = stable and predictable environment, internally paced by performer, follow set movement patterns, performed in same way each time ex. bowling
Explain external —> internal
Internally paced (self-paced) skills: performer controls rate at which the skill is executed
Externally paced skills: environment (opponents) controls rate of performing the skill. Performer must pay attention to external events to control their rate of movement.
Define the term technique
It is the way in which a sports skill is performed.
Outline ability
Ability refers to a general trait or capacity of the individual, that is related to the performance and performance potential of a variety of skills or tasks.
State the relationship between ability, skill, and technique
In order to perform “skillfully” one needs to have the necessary technique(s) and choose the correct one given any situation.
Skill = ability + selection of an appropriate technique
What are the differences between a skilled and a novice performer?
Cats
And
Cows
Love
Endlessly
Green
Fields
Consistency
Control
Learned
Efficiency
Goal-directed
Fluency
What are skills defined by?
By purpose, goal or objective and practice
What are characteristics of skills?
Goal oriented - using the skill will achieve an end result
Meets performance goal with maximum certainty
Meets performance goal with minimum energy
Learned through practice
what is fleishman’s physical proficiency abilities?
Fleishman distinguishes between physical proficiency and perceptual motor ability
what are some examples of perceptual-motor abilities?
control precision, reaction time, speed of arm movement
