1.1 - 1.1.2 Skeletal System (it's all gone crazy)

Question 1

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

It is more rigid than the appendicular system and it’s main function is to provide protection of important structures in the body.

Question 2

What is the axial skeleton comprised of?

Answer 2

It is comprised of: cranium (skull), vertebral column (spine), ribs, and sternum (breastbone). The vertebral column consists of cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), and coccyx (4 fused as 1).

Question 3

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

It’s main function is for movement and support. The pectoral and pelvis girdle attach the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton.

Question 4

What are the four types of bones?

Answer 4

Long, Flat, Short, Irregular

Question 5

Function of long bones + example

Answer 5

Provide strength, structure and mobility eg. humerus, femur

Question 6

Function of flat bones + example

Answer 6

To protect internal organs eg. skull

Question 7

Function of short bones + example

Answer 7

Provide stability and fine movements eg. phalanges

Question 8

Function of irregular bones + example

Answer 8

More complexed shapes eg. pelvis

Question 9

What is a cartilage joint + example?

Answer 9

A resilient and smooth elastic tissue that acts like padding and covers the end of long bones. Structural component of the ribs, ears etc.

Question 10

What is a ligament?

Answer 10

Connects two bones

Question 11

What is a tendon?

Answer 11

A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 12

What is a fibrous joint? + example

Answer 12

A thin layer of fibrous tissue connecting the edges of the 2 bones. No movement is allowed at these joints eg. between the individual bones in the skull

Question 13

What is a cartilaginous joint? + example

Answer 13

Bones are separated by fibrocartilage dics or by a thick layer of hyaline cartilage limited movement allowed at the joint eg. pelvis, vertebrae

Question 14

What is a synovial joint? + example

Answer 14

The most common occurring joint in the body. Most important joint for mobility eg. elbow, knee

Question 15

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 15

1. Protection of vital organs
2. Storage and release of mineral
3. Attachment point for muscles, movement
4. Blood cell production (haemopoeisis)
5. Energy storage
6. Shape/support

Question 16

What does the protection of vital organs mean?

Answer 16

The skeleton protects the most important internal organs from injury e.g. ribcage, skull, vertebrae eg. rugby

Question 17

What does storage and release of mineral mean?

Answer 17

Mineral homeostasis - bones act as reservoirs storing vital minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
- used for muscle contraction and nerve activity

Question 18

What does attachment point for muscles/movement mean?

Answer 18

• bones are connected by ligaments
• muscles run from one bone to another
• connected to bones via tendons
• muscle/tendon contraction causes joint movements
• has joints to allow different types of movement

Question 19

What does blood cell production mean?

Answer 19

• RBCs, WBCs, and platelets produced in red bone marrow
• found in flat bones (ribs) and the end of long bones (femur)

Question 20

What does energy storage mean?

Answer 20

• lipids are stored inside yellow bone marrow
• located inside long bones

Question 21

What does shape and support mean?

Answer 21

• skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body
• each part bears the weight of all the structures above it

Question 22

BE ABLE TO LABEL

Answer 22

BONES OF THE BODY

Question 23

What is the acronym for vertebral column?

Answer 23

Cute teddies love some cuddles

Question 24

What does acronym stand for?

Answer 24

Cute - cervical
Teddies - thoracic
Love - lumbar
Some - sacrum
Cuddles - coccyx

Question 25

How many bones are in each part of the vertebral column?

Answer 25

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5 (fused as one)
Coccyx - 4 (fused as one)