A1 Understand health issues page 17

Question 1

What percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity for measles?

Answer 1

To achieve herd immunity for measles, 90-95% of the population needs to be vaccinated due to its high infectiousness.

Question 2

What percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity for polio?

Answer 2

For polio, 80-85% of the population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity, as it is harder to spread.

Question 3

What is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and what are some examples of conditions it includes?

Answer 3

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes diseases of the heart and circulation, such as coronary heart disease, heart attacks, strokes, and angina.

Question 4

What percentage of global deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 4

Cardiovascular diseases cause an estimated 31% of deaths worldwide.

Question 5

How does hypertension increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 5

Hypertension increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and conditions like peripheral vascular disease, which can lead to chronic kidney damage and loss of limbs or eyesight.

Question 6

What is the cardiovascular system, and what does it include?

Answer 6

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, includes the heart and blood vessels that supply the body.

Question 7

What is hypertension?

Answer 7

Hypertension is raised blood pressure.

Question 8

What happens to arteries as a person ages, and what condition does this lead to?

Answer 8

As a person ages, fats are deposited in the walls of blood vessels, leading to the narrowing of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis.