A1 Understand health issues page 16 Flashcards
What is vaccination, and how does it work?
Vaccination is the deliberate exposure to a harmless pathogen or its antigens to stimulate an immune response, leading to long-term immunity through memory cells.
What is active immunity?
Active immunity is when the body’s immune system is activated to produce its own antibodies in response to a specific antigen.
What is passive immunity, and how can it occur naturally or artificially?
Passive immunity occurs when ready-made antibodies are given to a person. It happens naturally from mother to foetus or through breast milk, and artificially via injections like anti-tetanus.
Why does active immunity last longer than passive immunity?
Active immunity lasts longer because the body produces memory cells that remain, while passive immunity involves receiving external antibodies that are eventually used up.
What is herd immunity, and why is it important in vaccination programmes?
Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune, preventing disease spread among unvaccinated or vulnerable individuals.
What are some diseases children in the UK are vaccinated against?
Children in the UK are vaccinated against diseases like whooping cough, mumps, measles, and rubella.
Why is the influenza vaccine adjusted each year?
The influenza vaccine is adjusted annually due to the high mutation rate of the virus, targeting the three strains most likely to infect people in that year.
What vaccinations are available for people over 50 or those with certain health conditions?
Vaccines for influenza and pneumonia are offered to people over 50, pregnant women, frontline health workers, and those with certain health conditions.
