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A&P 1 Summer 2023 > A&P Lab Final > Flashcards

A&P Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

The pectoralis major is found on which side of the humerus?

A

Anterior and/or lateral

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2
Q

The pectoralis major does what to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexes

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3
Q

The latissimus dorsi is found on which side of the humerus?

A

Posterior/anterior

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4
Q

The latissimus dorsi does what to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Extends/adduct

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5
Q

What does the word “spinatus” in its name tell us. (Infraspinatus)

A

Its general location

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6
Q

The teres major is found on which side of the humerus?

A

Posterior

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7
Q

The teres major does what to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Adducts

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8
Q

When the latissimus dorsi contracts the humerus moves ____ the body’s midline

A

Toward

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9
Q

When something moves toward the body’s midline, what is that called?

A

Adduction

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10
Q

When the latissimus dorsi contracts, the angle at the shoulder joint _____

A

Increases

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11
Q

When the angle increases, what is that called?

A

Extension

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12
Q

What side of the humerus is the pectoralis major found on?

A

Medial

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13
Q

The pectoralis major _____ the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

A

Adducts

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14
Q

Where is the deltoid found on the humerus?

A

Lateral

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15
Q

The deltoid _____ the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

A

Abducts

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16
Q

The teres major is found on what side of the humerus?

A

Posterior

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17
Q

The teres major _____ the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

A

Extends

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Between the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle of the humerus

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19
Q

What does the word deltoid tell us about the muscle?

A

Overall shape

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20
Q

What does the word latissimus tell us? (Latissimus dorsi)

A

General size compared to other muscles

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21
Q

The name of the structure(s) that separates the middle ear from the internal ear is called what?

A

Oval and round windows

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22
Q

The name of the structure(s) that separates the external ear from the middle ear is called what?

A

Tympanic membrane

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23
Q

The tube that transports sound waves from outside the ear to the tympanic membrane is called what?

A

External acoustic meatus

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24
Q

The tube that equalizes pressure in the middle ear is called what?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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25
Q

Put these auditory structures from first to receive sound waves to last. (1-6) Cochlear duct, tympanic membrane, external acoustic meatus, temporal lobe, scala vestibuli, cranial nerve VIII

A
  1. External acoustic meatus
  2. Tympanic membrane
  3. Scala vestibuli
  4. Cochlear duct
  5. Vestibucochlear nerve (VIII)
  6. Temporal lobe of the brain
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26
Q

Put these auditory structures in order from first to receive sound waves to last. (1-6) Scala vestibuli, malleus, stapes, oval window, cochlear duct, incus

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
  4. Oval window
  5. Scala vestibuli
  6. Cochlear duct
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27
Q

The snail shell-shaped region that houses receptor for hearing is called what?

A

Cochlea

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28
Q

The three fluid-filled tubes that assist with dynamic equilibrium (a.k.a rotational equilibrium) are called the what?

A

Semicircular canals

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29
Q

The external ear structure that funnels sound waves into the external acoustic meatus is called what?

A

Auricle (pinna)

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30
Q

The two fluid-filled chambers in the vestibule of the cochlea that assist with static equilibrium (a.k.a equilibrium related to gravity) are called the what?

A

Saccule and utricle

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31
Q

Put these auditory structures in order from first to receive sound waves to last. (1-6) Malleus, tympanic membrane, oval window, cochlear duct, scala vestibuli, cranial nerve VIII

A
  1. Tympanic membrane
  2. Malleus
  3. Oval window
  4. Scala vestibuli
  5. Cochlear duct
  6. Vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII)
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32
Q

What structures are part of the external ear?

A

External acoustic meatus, lobule, tympanic membrane, and auricle

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33
Q

What structures are part of the middle ear?

A

Malleus, pharyngotympanic tube, incus, stapes

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34
Q

What structures are part of the internal ear?

A

Utricle, saccule, semicircular canals, ampulla, cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

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35
Q

What are the layers of the retina, top to bottom?

A
  1. Ganglion cells
  2. Bipolar cells
  3. Rods & cones
  4. Choroid
  5. Sclera
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36
Q

The fluid behind the lens that is thicker and has more proteins is called what?

A

Vitreous humor

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37
Q

The clear connective tissue in the front of the eyeball that bulges is called what?

A

Cornea

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38
Q

The central part of the retina where light waves are focused for detailed vision is called what?

A

Macula lutea

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39
Q

The fluid found in front of the lens that is thin and watery is called what?

A

Aqueous humor

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40
Q

The internal blood supply for the eyeball is called what?

A

Choroid

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41
Q

The “blind spot” of the eye where visual information leaves the eyeball is called what?

A

Optic disc

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42
Q

The colored part of the eye, made of smooth muscle is called what?

A

Iris

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43
Q

The accessory structure that makes tears to lubricate the eyes is called the what?

A

Lacrimal gland

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44
Q

The ________ joint is found between the C1 (atlas) and the occipital bone

A

Atlanto-occipital

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45
Q

The inferior tibiofibular joint is part of the ______ joint

A

Ankle

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46
Q

The coxal joint is part of the _____ joint

A

Hip

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47
Q

The intercarpal joints are located closest to what?

A

Wrist

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48
Q

The trochlea of the humerus is located at or closest to what?

A

Elbow

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49
Q

The humeroradial joint is located closest to what?

A

Elbow

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50
Q

The glenoid cavity of the scapula is found in or very near what?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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51
Q

The _____ ______ joint is found between the tibia and fibula by the knee

A

Superior tibiofibular

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52
Q

The acromial end of the clavicle is found in or very near what?

A

Acromioclavicular

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53
Q

The acromion of the scapula is found in or very near what?

A

Acromioclavicular

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54
Q

The styloid process of the radius is located at or closest to the what?

A

Wrist

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55
Q

The _______ joint is found between the C1 atlas and the occipital bone

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

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56
Q

The ______ _____ joint is found between the tibia and the fibula by the ankle

A

Inferior tibofibular joint

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57
Q

The head of the fibula is found very near what joint?

A

Knee

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58
Q

The occipital condyles of the occipital bone are found in or very near what?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

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59
Q

The proximal radioulnar joint is located closest to what?

A

Elbow

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60
Q

The olecranon of the ulna is located at or closest to the what?

A

Elbow

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61
Q

The capitulum of the humerus is located at or closest to what?

A

Elbow

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62
Q

The tibiofemoral joint is part of the ______ joint

A

Knee

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63
Q

The _______ nerve collects information from the skin of the medial thigh

A

Obturator

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64
Q

The group of spinal nerves that extend off the end of the spinal cord, often called the “horse’s tail” is called what?

A

Cauda equina

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65
Q

The name of the cells specialized to detect sound waves are called what?

A

Hair cells

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66
Q

The membrane superior to hair cells that does not vibrate with sound waves is called what?

A

Tectorial membrane

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67
Q

The open space in the middle of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called what?

A

Central canal

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68
Q

The ____ nerve collects information from the skin of the anterior thigh

A

Femoral

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69
Q

The clear connective tissue layer in the front of the eyeball that bulges is called what?

A

Cornea

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70
Q

This component of the reflex arc processes/integrates sensory impulses and then predicts the correct motor response

A

Interneuron

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71
Q

This component of the reflex arc includes muscle or glands

A

Effector

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72
Q

The _____ nerve collects information from the skin of the posterior leg and foot

A

Tibial

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73
Q

The tube that transports sound waves fromoutside the ear to the tympanic membrane is called what?

A

External acoustic meatus

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74
Q

The cone-shaped end of the spinal cord is called what?

A

Conus medullaris

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75
Q

The opening in the center of the iris where light enters the eye is called the what?

A

Pupil

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76
Q

The fluid-filled tube that includes the spiral organ and tectorial membrane and is intermediate on our models is called what?

A

Cochlear duct

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77
Q

The central part of the retina where light waves are focused for detailed vision is called what?

A

Macula lutea

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78
Q

The _____ is the location where a neuron meets with another cell to send a message

A

Synapse

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79
Q

Which filaments are only in the I band?

A

Thin/actin

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80
Q

What is the name of the white circles seen in the model?

A

Synaptic vesicles

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81
Q

The ____ _____ are the granules of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nissl bodies

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82
Q

A ______ is a group of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

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83
Q

The central region of the sarcomere where only thick filaments are present is the what?

A

H-zone

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84
Q

The _____ ____ are the cells that form the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons in the PNS

A

Scwann cells

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85
Q

A ______ is a long protein made of many groups of actin and myosin

A

Myofibril

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86
Q

The ________ are the cells that form the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons found in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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87
Q

Neurons that conduct impulses within the CNS and integrate incoming sensory input to predict the proper motor output are called what?

A

Interneurons

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88
Q

A _________ is part of the sarcolemma that has folded in, allowing membrane potentials to reach all the myofibrils inside the muscle cell

A

T tubule

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89
Q

The regulatory protein that interacts with calcium is called what?

A

Troponin

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90
Q

The regulatory protein that covers the myosin binding sites on actin is what?

A

Tropomyosin

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91
Q

The ____ ____ is the membrane sac (found in the axon terminal) that stores neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic vesicle

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92
Q

The _____ is the name of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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93
Q

Neurons that transmit impulses from sensory receptors in the skin toward the CNS are called _____ neurons

A

Afferent/sensory

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94
Q

The ____ ____ are the two ventricles found in the cerebral hemispheres

A

Lateral ventricles

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95
Q

The _____ ____ is the part of the cerebrum that is involved with motor functions, concentration, decision making, planning, and personality

A

Frontal lobe

96
Q

The _____ ____ is a band of white matter that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Corpus callosum

97
Q

The ____ _____ is the part of the cerebrum that processes visual information and stores visual memories

A

Occipital lobe

98
Q

The ___ ____ is the ventricle found in the brainstem, anterior to the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

99
Q

The cranial nerve involved in the senses of hearing and equilibrium is called what?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (crainial nerve VIII)

100
Q

One cranial nerve that only controls movement of the eye ball is the trochlear nerve. The other cranial nerve that only controls the movement of the eyeball (and does not change pupil size) is the what?

A

Abducens nerve

101
Q

The ______ is the tube that drains cerebrospinal fluid from the 4th ventricle into the spinal cord

A

Central canal

102
Q

The _____ is the bridge that relays information between the medulla oblongata and higher brain regions

A

Pons

103
Q

Cranial nerve 9 (IX) is called the ______ nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal

104
Q

The _____ _____ are the four bumps (also called colliculi) that are involved in visual and auditory reflexes

A

Corpora quadrigemina

105
Q

The _____ _____ is the part of the cerebrum that processes sensory information related to hearing and smell

A

Temporal lobe

106
Q

The ___ ____ is the endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which is a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms

A

Pineal gland

107
Q

The _____ _____ is the space underneath the arachnoid mater that is filled with CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

108
Q

The cranial nerve involved in movement of the facial muscles, regulates lacrimal glands and salivary glands, and is involved with the sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the lounge is called what?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

109
Q

What is the order of the cranial nerves top to bottom

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochlear
  9. Hypoglossal
  10. Glossopharyngeal
  11. Vagus
  12. Accessory
110
Q

The cranial nerve involved with the sense of vision is the what?

A

Optic nerve (II)

111
Q

Which two nerves do not change pupil size are what?

A

Abducens and trochlear

112
Q

Cranial nerve 2 is called what?

A

Optic

113
Q

The ____ ____ is the endocrine gland that is located inferior to the hypothalamus. It secretes hormones related to growth, blood pressure, and the secretion of sex hormones

A

Pituitary gland

114
Q

The ____ ____ ____ is the space between the layers of the dura mater where blood is found

A

Dural venous sinus

115
Q

The muscle that closes your eyelids is the what?

A

Orbicularis oculi

116
Q

What side of the leg is the tibialis anterior on?

A

Anterior

117
Q

The tibialis anterior ______ the foot at the tibiotarsal joint

A

Dorsiflexes

118
Q

True or false? The masseter is one muscle that elevates the mandible (allowing you to clench your jaw)

A

True

119
Q

When the internal intercostal muscles contract, the size of the thoracic cavity does what?

A

Decreases

120
Q

The internal intercostals assist with the process of what?

A

Exhalation

121
Q

What side of the thigh is the gracilis found on?

A

Medial

122
Q

What action does the gracialis do to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Adducts

123
Q

What is the muscle that allows you to raise your eyebrows?

A

Frontalis

124
Q

What side of the arm is the flexor carpi ulnaris found?

A

Anterior

125
Q

What action does the flexor carpi ulnaris do to the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Flexes

126
Q

What side of the thigh is the semitendinosus found?

A

Posterior

127
Q

What action does the semitendinosus do to the tibia at the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Flexes

128
Q

The triceps brachii is found on which side of the arm?

A

Posterior

129
Q

What action does the triceps brachii do to the radius and ulna at the elbow?

A

Extends

130
Q

The brachioradialis is found on which side of the arm?

A

Anterior

131
Q

The brachioradialis does what action to the radius and ulna at the elbow?

A

Flexes

132
Q

What side of the humerus is the latissimus dorsi found?

A

Anterior/posterior

133
Q

The latissimus dorsi does what action to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Adducts

134
Q

What is the muscle that closes your lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

135
Q

The deltoid is found on what side of the humerus?

A

Anterior/lateral

136
Q

The deltoid does what action to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexes

137
Q

The vastus medialis is found on what side of the thigh?

A

Anterior

138
Q

The vastus medialis does what action to the tibia at the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Extends

139
Q

The biceps femoris is found on what side of the thigh?

A

Posterior

140
Q

The biceps femoris does what action to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Extends

141
Q

The external oblique muscles are found on which side of the torso?

A

Lateral

142
Q

The external oblique muscles move the torso which direction?

A

Laterally

143
Q

True or false? The orbicularis oris is one muscle that elevates the mandible (allowing you to clench your jaw)

A

False

144
Q

The palmaris longus is found on which side of the arm?

A

Anterior

145
Q

The palmaris longus does what action to the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Flexes

146
Q

The pectoralis major is found on which side of the humerus?

A

Anterior/lateral

147
Q

The pectoralis major does what action to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexes

148
Q

The latissimus dorsi is found on which side of the humerus?

A

Posterior

149
Q

The latissimus dorsi does what action to the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Extends

150
Q

What are the carpal bones named, from top 4, thumb to pinky, then bottom four thumb to pinky?

A

Top: 1. Trapezium 2. Trapezoid 3. Capitate 4. Hamate
Bottom: 1. Scaphoid 2. Lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. Pisiform

151
Q

Which nerve collects information from the skin of the shoulder?

A

Axillary nerve

152
Q

Which nerve controls the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Ulnar

153
Q

This component of the reflex arc are dendrites of sensory neurons that detect stimuli like temperature, pain, and pressure

A

Receptors

154
Q

The white connective tissue layer on the outside of most of the eyeball is called what?

A

Sclera

155
Q

The enlargement along the dorsal root of a spinal nerve (where the cell bodies of sensory neurons are found) is called the what?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

156
Q

The thick myofilaments of a sarcomere are made with what protein?

A

Myosin

157
Q

The H-zone of a sarcomere has only which filament?

A

Myosin/thick

158
Q

The name of the zig-zagging structure on each end of the sarcomere is called what?

A

Z disc

159
Q

The name of the dark band of proteins in the middle of the sarcomere that anchors the thick myofilaments is the called what?

A

M line

160
Q

The long yellow lines on the model represents what protein?

A

Tropomyosin

161
Q

What is the fatty layer that surrounds and electrically insulates the axon, speeding up nerve impulses?

A

Myelin sheath

162
Q

What is the region of the neuron that receives incoming signals and conveys them toward the cell body?

A

Dendrites

163
Q

The thin myofilaments of a sarcomere are made with which protein?

A

Actin

164
Q

The outer regions of the sarcomere where only thin filaments are present is called what?

A

I bands

165
Q

What is the middle layer of the meninges that has stringy proteins that make it look like a spiderweb?

A

Arachnoid mater

166
Q

What is the name of cranial nerve number 4?

A

Trochlear

167
Q

What is the cranial nerve that regulates the muscles of the tongue and pharynx and is involved in the sense of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

168
Q

Which layer of the meningies is the deepest, thinnest layer and is attached to the outer surface of the brain?

A

Pia mater

169
Q

What is the part of the cerebrum that is deep to the temporal lobe. It is involved with memory & the interpretation of taste information?

A

Insula

170
Q

The cranial nerve involved with movement of the eyeball AND regulates pupil size and lens shape is what?

A

Oculomotor (III)

171
Q

What is the region of the brain stem that has reflex centers for vomiting, swallowing, and gastrointestinal functions. It also has cardiac & respiratory control centers?

A

Medulla

172
Q

What is cranial nerve 12 called?

A

Hypoglossal

173
Q

What cranial nerve regulates contraction of the tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal (XII)

174
Q

What cranial nerve regulates the contraction of the head and neck muscles (specifically, the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles)?

A

Accessory (XI)

175
Q

What is cranial nerve 5 called?

A

Trigeminal

176
Q

What is the tube that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the 4th ventricle into the spinal cord?

A

Central canal

177
Q

What is the relay center for information going to & from the cerebrum. It also filters sight & sound information?

A

Thalamus

178
Q

What is the name of cranial nerve 12?

A

Hypoglossal

179
Q

What is the cranial nerve that regulates contraction of the tongue muscles?

A

12, hypoglossal

180
Q

The cranial nerve that regulates the contraction of the head and neck muscles (specifically, the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles) is called what?

A

Accessory nerve (XI)

181
Q

What is cranial nerve 5 called?

A

Trigeminal

182
Q

What is the tube that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the 4th ventricle into the spinal cord?

A

Central canal

183
Q

What is the relay center for information going to & from the cerebrum. It also filters sight & sound information?

A

Thalamus

184
Q

What is the ventricle found in the brainstem, anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

185
Q

The gluteus medius is found on which side of the thigh?

A

Lateral

186
Q

The gluteus medius does what action to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Abducts

187
Q

The internal oblique muscles are found on what side of the torso?

A

Lateral

188
Q

The internal oblique muscles move the torso ______

A

Laterally

189
Q

The extensor carpi radiallis is found on which side of the arm?

A

Posterior

190
Q

The extensory carpi radialis does what to the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Extends

191
Q

The gastrocnemius is found on which side of the leg?

A

Posterior

192
Q

The gastrocnemius does what action to the foot at the tibiotarsal joint?

A

Plantarflexes

193
Q

What muscle closes your eyelids?

A

Orbicularis oculi

194
Q

The biceps femoris does what to the tibia at the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Flexes

195
Q

The vastus lateralis is found on what side of the thigh?

A

Anterior

196
Q

The vastus lateralis does what to the tibia at the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Extends

197
Q

What does the semitendinosus do to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Extends

198
Q

Where is the rectus femoris found?

A

Anterior side of the thigh

199
Q

What does the rectus femoris do to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Flexes

200
Q

The gluteus maximus is found on which side of the thigh?

A

Posterior

201
Q

What does the gluteus maximus do to the femur at the coxal joint?

A

Extends

202
Q

What are the menigial layers, deep to superficial?

A

Pia –> Arachnoid –> Dura

203
Q

The columns of myelinated axons on the outer surface of the spinal cord, surrounding the gray matter horns are called what?

A

White matter funculi

204
Q

The enlarged region of a semicircular canal where rotational equilibrium is detacted is called what?

A

Ampulla

205
Q

The regions of gray matter that are anterior in the spinal cord and contain the cell bodies of motor neurons are called what?

A

Ventral horns

206
Q

This component of the reflex arc transmits the sensory impulses to the CNS

A

Sensory neurons

207
Q

The regions of gray matter that are lateral in the spinal cord and have autonomic motor neurons are called what?

A

Lateral gray horns

208
Q

The extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord in place is called the what?

A

Filum terminale

209
Q

The internal blood supply for the eyeball is called what?

A

Choroid

210
Q

The white connective tissue layer on the outside of most of the eyeball is called the what?

A

Sclera

211
Q

The I band only has what filament?

A

Thin

212
Q

The _______ are the kind of chemical messages released from a neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

213
Q

The ______ is the location where a neuron meets with amother cell to send a message

A

Synapse

214
Q

A _______ is the contractile unit of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

215
Q

The H zone has which filament?

A

Thick

216
Q

Myosin and actin overlap where?

A

A band

217
Q

Long protein tube made of many groups of actin and myosin filaments

A

Myofibrils

218
Q

The blood filled space where extra CSF returns to the blood stream

A

Dural venous sinus

219
Q

The _____ mater is the deepest, thinnest layer of the meninges and is attached to the outer surface of the brain

A

Pia

220
Q

What is part of the cerebrum that is deep to the temporal lobe and is involved with memory and the interpretation of taste information?

A

Insula

221
Q

What region of the brain stem has reflex sensors for vomiting swallowing and GI functions?

A

Medulla

222
Q

The green dots on the model represent what?

A

Troponin

223
Q

What is the smooth ER of muscle cells. This stores calcium when a muscle is not contracting

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

224
Q

What is the region of the neuron that recieves incoming signals and conveys then toward the cell body?

A

Dendrites

225
Q

What is a long tube made of many groups of actin and myosin?

A

Myofibril

226
Q

What are the tubes that move CSF from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

227
Q

What is the relay center of the brain?

A

Thalamus

228
Q

What is cranial nerve 7?

A

Facial

229
Q

What is cranial nerve 8?

A

Vestibulocochlear

230
Q

Which meninge is attached to the bones of the skull?

A

Dura mater

231
Q

Which ventricle is found in the diencephalon?

A

3rd

232
Q

The cranial nerve that collects sensory information frim the thoracic and abdiminal viscera and controls parasympathetic regulation of the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs is what?

A

Vagus (10/X)

233
Q

Does the temporalis elevate the mandible?

A

Yes

234
Q

The pectoralis major is found on what side of them humerus?

A

Lateral

235
Q

What action does the pectoralis do to the humerus?

A

Adducts

A&P 1 Summer 2023 (17 decks)

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