A brief history of psychiatry

Question 1

Abnormal Illness Behaviour

Answer 1

Pilowsky

Question 2

Advocated treatment without mechanical

restraint

Answer 2

Conolly

Question 3

Psychopaths: creative, aggressive, inadequante

Answer 3

Henderson

Question 4

Agnosia

Answer 4

Freud

Question 5

Alexithymia

Answer 5

The alexithymia construct was originally conceptualized by Nemiah, Freyberger, and Sifneos (1976) as encompassing a cluster of cognitive traits including difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings to others, externally oriented thinking, and a limited imaginal capacity.

Question 6

Anxiety

Answer 6

Lewis

Question 7

Crisis intervention

Answer 7

Linderman (1944), Caplan
(1961)
Expanding on Lindemann’s work, Caplan (1961) describes the four
stages of a crisis reaction as follows:
1. An initial rise in tension occurs in response to an event.
2. Increased tension disrupts daily living.
3. Unresolved tension results in depression.
4. Failure to resolve the crisis may result in a psychological breakdown

Question 8

Development of clozapine

Answer 8

Kane

Question 9

Development of imipramine

Answer 9

Kuhn

Question 10

Ecological theory of suicide

Answer 10

Sainsbury

Sociocultural, anthropological phenomenon

Question 11

Gestalt therapy

Answer 11

F Perls
Gestalt therapy is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy which emphasizes personal responsibility, and focuses upon the individual’s experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person’s life, and the self-regulating adjustments

Role playing

Question 12

Hypnotherapy

Answer 12

Milton Erikson

Question 13

Illness behaviour

Answer 13

Mechanic
The term illness behavior was introduced by Mechanic and Volkart to describe the individuals’ different ways to respond to their own health

Question 14

Interpersonal therapy

Answer 14

Sullivan

Question 15

Malarial development of neurosyphillis

Answer 15

Wagner von Jauregg

Nobel prize

Question 16

Moral treatment; breaking of the chains of

the inmates of the Saltpetriere

Answer 16

Pinel

Question 17

Primal therapy

Answer 17

A. Janov

Question 18

Psychobiology

Answer 18

Adolf Meyer
Common sense approach
Social action

Ergasia-action of the total organism
Autobiographical life chart in therapy

Question 19

Psychodrama

Answer 19

J Moreno

Question 20

Recipricol inhibition

Answer 20

Joseph Wolpe

also- depression conditioned by repeat losses in the past

Question 21

Self-instructional training

Answer 21

Meichenbaum

Question 22

Social learning

Answer 22

Albert Bandura

Reciprocal determinism

Question 23

Sociological theory of suicide

Answer 23

Durkheim

Question 24

Suicide

Answer 24

Thomas Browne

Question 25

The sick role

Answer 25

Parsons

Question 26

Therapeutic community

Answer 26

Maxwell Jones

Question 27

Token economies

Answer 27

Ayllon and Azrin

Question 28

Transactional analysis

Answer 28

``` F Berne Transactional analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social transactions are analyzed to determine the ego state of the patient (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior. ```

Question 29

Hysteria a disease of the mind

Answer 29

Thomas Syndenham

Question 30

Removal of post central, temporal, and frontal cortices from p atients

Answer 30

Burckhardt

Question 31

Hypnotism

Answer 31

James Braid; based on | work by Anton Mesmer

Question 32

Dysmorphophobia

Answer 32

Morselli

Question 33

Dementia precox

Answer 33

Emil Kraeplin

Question 34

Barbiturates

Answer 34

Adolf von Baeyer in 1864

Question 35

Spirochaete isolated in GPI the | beginnings of biological psychiatry

Answer 35

Schaudinn

Question 36

Four A's of Schizophrenia

Answer 36

Eugene Bleuler

Question 37

Behaviourism, stressed the observable rather than unconscious

Answer 37

John Watson

Question 38

Capgras delusion

Answer 38

Raboul Lachouz

Question 39

Fregoli

Answer 39

Courbon & Frail

Question 40

Bell and pad treatment of eneuresis

Answer 40

Mowrer and Mowrer

Question 41

Syndrome of intermetamorphosis

Answer 41

Courbon and Turques

Question 42

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 42

Kasanin

Question 43

Autism

Answer 43

Leo Kanner

Question 44

Bilateral ablation of the prefrontal cortex causes chimpanzees to become more placid and less anxious

Answer 44

Fulton and Jacobsen

Question 45

Human frontal leucotomy

Answer 45

Egas Moniz

Question 46

Pyknic, athletic, asthenic body types

Answer 46

Kretschmer

Question 47

Application of seizures induced by | Metrazol

Answer 47

Meduna

Question 48

Dissociation

Answer 48

Janet

Question 49

ECT

Answer 49

Cerletti and Bini

Question 50

Physiognomy endomorphy, | mesomorphy, ectomorphy

Answer 50

William Sheldon

Question 51

Anaclictic depression

Answer 51

Rene Spitz

Question 52

‘Direct analysis’ of schizophrenics

Answer 52

John Rosen

Question 53

‘Direct analysis’ of schizophrenics; use of | countertransference

Answer 53

Frieda Fromm Reichmann

Question 54

Symbolic realisation in the treatment of Schizophrenia

Answer 54

Marguerite Sechehaye

Question 55

Beneficial response of a manic patient to Lithium then introduced into psychiatric use

Answer 55

JF Cade

Question 56

Alcoholics Anonymous; ‘12- step | programme'

Answer 56

Bill

Question 57

Psychosomatic medicine

Answer 57

F. Alexander

Question 58

Synthesis of Chlorpromazine attempting | to synthesize an antihistaminergic agent for anaesthetic use

Answer 58

Charpentier

Question 59

DSM 1

Answer 59

Influenced by the ideas of | Adolf Meyer

Question 60

Chlorpromazine introduced to the USA

Answer 60

Delay and Deniker

Question 61

Psycholinguistics

Answer 61

Naom Chomsky

Question 62

Development of MAOIs (Reserpine)

Answer 62

Kline

Question 63

Double bind as a cause of schizophrenia

Answer 63

Don Jackson and Gregory Batesone

Question 64

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 64

Hans Selye

Question 65

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 65

Leon Festinger

Question 66

Cycloid Psychosis

Answer 66

Leonhard

Question 67

``` ‘Social Class and Mental Health’ demonstrated strong inverse association between social class and mental health ```

Answer 67

Hollingshead & Redlich

Question 68

‘The Psychodynamics of Family Life’; | development of Family Therapy

Answer 68

Nathan Ackermann

Question 69

Synthesis of haloperidol

Answer 69

Janssen Laboratories

Question 70

First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 70

Kurt Schneider

Question 71

Aversion Therapy, Covert Sensitization

Answer 71

Rachman & Teasdale

Question 72

Exposure therapy

Answer 72

Marks, Gelder, and Mathews

Question 73

Schizophreniform psychosis

Answer 73

Langfeldt

Question 74

Five factor model of personality

Answer 74

Tupes and Christal

Question 75

hierarchy of needs

Answer 75

``` Maslow Physiological Safety Love and belonging Self esteem Self actualisation ```

Question 76

Harlow's monkeys, critical period, when mother-child bonding took place

Answer 76

Harry Harlow

Question 77

"Hostile Symbiosis: and "Schism" as causes of Schizophrenia

Answer 77

Theodore Lidz

Question 78

‘Transitional object’, ‘primary object’, | ‘good enough mother’; object relations

Answer 78

Donald Winnicott

Question 79

Gate control theory of pain

Answer 79

Melzack and wall

Question 80

Antimanic properties of valproate

Answer 80

Lambert

Question 81

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 81

Otto Kernberg

Question 82

Learned helplessness

Answer 82

Seligman and Maier

Question 83

Marital therapy

Answer 83

Henry Dicks

Question 84

‘Practice of behaviour therapy’; | ‘systematic densensitization’ (late 1950s)

Answer 84

Joselph Wolpe

Question 85

Attachment theory

Answer 85

John Bowlby

Question 86

Biofeedback

Answer 86

Birk

Question 87

Classification of phobias

Answer 87

Marks

Question 88

Structura family therapy

Answer 88

Salvador Minuchin

Question 89

The ‘Milan School’ of Systemic family | therapy

Answer 89

Palazzoli et al.

Question 90

Alcohol dependency syndrome

Answer 90

Edwards and Gross

Question 91

Cognitive treatment of depression

Answer 91

A. Beck cognitive triad of depression 1. Negative self perception 2. Tendency to view the world as hostile and demanding 3. Expectation of suffering and failure in the future

Question 92

Parasuicide

Answer 92

Kreitman

Question 93

Syndrome of subjective doubles

Answer 93

Christodolou

Question 94

Working class women in Camberwell

Answer 94

Brown and Harris

Question 95

Deliberate Self Harm, Malignant alientation

Answer 95

Morgan

Question 96

Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis

Answer 96

Munro

Question 97

Interpersonal therapy

Answer 97

Klerman et al.

Question 98

Manie sans delire

Answer 98

Pinel

Question 99

Moral insanity

Answer 99

Pritchard

Question 100

Personal construct theory

Answer 100

Kelly

Question 101

Repertory Grid

Answer 101

Bannister

Question 102

Self theory

Answer 102

Roger Person centred theory of personality and psychotherapy Self actualisation and self direction Personality is a dynamic phenomenon Therapists provide an environment in which clients can reconstruct their striving for self actualisation Unconditional positive regards

Question 103

Rational emotive behaviour therapy

Answer 103

Albert Ellis Resolving emotional and behavioural issues Activating event Belief- thought - feeling Consequence then effect 1 Or STOP- dispute- consequence - effect 2

Question 104

Defences coined by Anna Freud

Answer 104

``` Reaction formation Regression Undoing Introjection Identification Projection Turning against the self Reversal Sublimation ``` Ego psychology

Question 105

Cognitive analytic therapy

Answer 105

Anthony Ryle Chain of events, thoughts, emotions, motivations that explain how a target problem is established and maintained Reciprocal roles

Question 106

Survey of psychobiological problems on medical floor

Answer 106

Art Schmale

Question 107

Cytogeneticist

Answer 107

Barbara McClintich

Question 108

Behaviourism, operant conditioning

Answer 108

Skinner Views personality as also acquired based on reward and punishment

Question 109

Carl Jung

Answer 109

Analytic psychology Collective unconscious includes archetypes Common shared mythological and symbolic past ``` Anima- feminist side of males Animus-masculine side of female Shadow- devil within Persona- social role Self- unity of all parts of personality ``` Introverts and extroverts

Question 110

Cloninger

Answer 110

``` Tridimensional personality questionnaire Temperament and character inventory General psychopathology Substance dependence Personality disorders ```