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RANZCP exam preparation > A brief history of psychiatry > Flashcards

A brief history of psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal Illness Behaviour

A

Pilowsky

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2
Q

Advocated treatment without mechanical

restraint

A

Conolly

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3
Q

Psychopaths: creative, aggressive, inadequante

A

Henderson

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4
Q

Agnosia

A

Freud

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5
Q

Alexithymia

A

The alexithymia construct was originally conceptualized by Nemiah, Freyberger, and Sifneos (1976) as encompassing a cluster of cognitive traits including difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings to others, externally oriented thinking, and a limited imaginal capacity.

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6
Q

Anxiety

A

Lewis

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7
Q

Crisis intervention

A

Linderman (1944), Caplan
(1961)
Expanding on Lindemann’s work, Caplan (1961) describes the four
stages of a crisis reaction as follows:
1. An initial rise in tension occurs in response to an event.
2. Increased tension disrupts daily living.
3. Unresolved tension results in depression.
4. Failure to resolve the crisis may result in a psychological breakdown

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8
Q

Development of clozapine

A

Kane

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9
Q

Development of imipramine

A

Kuhn

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10
Q

Ecological theory of suicide

A

Sainsbury

Sociocultural, anthropological phenomenon

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11
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

F Perls
Gestalt therapy is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy which emphasizes personal responsibility, and focuses upon the individual’s experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person’s life, and the self-regulating adjustments

Role playing

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12
Q

Hypnotherapy

A

Milton Erikson

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13
Q

Illness behaviour

A

Mechanic
The term illness behavior was introduced by Mechanic and Volkart to describe the individuals’ different ways to respond to their own health

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14
Q

Interpersonal therapy

A

Sullivan

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15
Q

Malarial development of neurosyphillis

A

Wagner von Jauregg

Nobel prize

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16
Q

Moral treatment; breaking of the chains of

the inmates of the Saltpetriere

A

Pinel

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17
Q

Primal therapy

A

A. Janov

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18
Q

Psychobiology

A

Adolf Meyer
Common sense approach
Social action

Ergasia-action of the total organism
Autobiographical life chart in therapy

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19
Q

Psychodrama

A

J Moreno

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20
Q

Recipricol inhibition

A

Joseph Wolpe

also- depression conditioned by repeat losses in the past

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21
Q

Self-instructional training

A

Meichenbaum

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22
Q

Social learning

A

Albert Bandura

Reciprocal determinism

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23
Q

Sociological theory of suicide

A

Durkheim

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24
Q

Suicide

A

Thomas Browne

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25
Q

The sick role

A

Parsons

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26
Q

Therapeutic community

A

Maxwell Jones

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27
Q

Token economies

A

Ayllon and Azrin

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28
Q

Transactional analysis

A 
F Berne
Transactional analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social transactions are analyzed to determine the ego state of the patient (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior.
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29
Q

Hysteria a disease of the mind

A

Thomas Syndenham

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30
Q

Removal of post
central, temporal, and
frontal cortices from p
atients

A

Burckhardt

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31
Q

Hypnotism

A

James Braid; based on

work by Anton Mesmer

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32
Q

Dysmorphophobia

A

Morselli

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33
Q

Dementia precox

A

Emil Kraeplin

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34
Q

Barbiturates

A

Adolf von Baeyer in 1864

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35
Q

Spirochaete isolated in GPI the

beginnings of biological psychiatry

A

Schaudinn

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36
Q

Four A’s of Schizophrenia

A

Eugene Bleuler

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37
Q

Behaviourism, stressed the observable rather than unconscious

A

John Watson

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38
Q

Capgras delusion

A

Raboul Lachouz

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39
Q

Fregoli

A

Courbon & Frail

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40
Q

Bell and pad treatment of eneuresis

A

Mowrer and Mowrer

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41
Q

Syndrome of intermetamorphosis

A

Courbon and Turques

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42
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Kasanin

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43
Q

Autism

A

Leo Kanner

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44
Q

Bilateral ablation of the prefrontal cortex
causes chimpanzees to become more placid
and less anxious

A

Fulton and Jacobsen

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45
Q

Human frontal leucotomy

A

Egas Moniz

46
Q

Pyknic, athletic, asthenic body types

A

Kretschmer

47
Q

Application of seizures induced by

Metrazol

A

Meduna

48
Q

Dissociation

A

Janet

49
Q

ECT

A

Cerletti and Bini

50
Q

Physiognomy endomorphy,

mesomorphy, ectomorphy

A

William Sheldon

51
Q

Anaclictic depression

A

Rene Spitz

52
Q

‘Direct analysis’ of schizophrenics

A

John Rosen

53
Q

‘Direct analysis’ of schizophrenics; use of

countertransference

A

Frieda Fromm Reichmann

54
Q

Symbolic realisation in the treatment of Schizophrenia

A

Marguerite Sechehaye

55
Q

Beneficial response of a manic patient to
Lithium then introduced into psychiatric
use

A

JF Cade

56
Q

Alcoholics Anonymous; ‘12- step

programme’

A

Bill

57
Q

Psychosomatic medicine

A

F. Alexander

58
Q

Synthesis of Chlorpromazine attempting

to synthesize an antihistaminergic agent for anaesthetic use

A

Charpentier

59
Q

DSM 1

A

Influenced by the ideas of

Adolf Meyer

60
Q

Chlorpromazine introduced to the USA

A

Delay and Deniker

61
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

Naom Chomsky

62
Q

Development of MAOIs (Reserpine)

A

Kline

63
Q

Double bind as a cause of schizophrenia

A

Don Jackson and Gregory Batesone

64
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Hans Selye

65
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Leon Festinger

66
Q

Cycloid Psychosis

A

Leonhard

67
Q 
‘Social Class and Mental Health’ demonstrated strong inverse association 
between social class and mental health
A

Hollingshead & Redlich

68
Q

‘The Psychodynamics of Family Life’;

development of Family Therapy

A

Nathan Ackermann

69
Q

Synthesis of haloperidol

A

Janssen Laboratories

70
Q

First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Kurt Schneider

71
Q

Aversion Therapy, Covert Sensitization

A

Rachman & Teasdale

72
Q

Exposure therapy

A

Marks, Gelder, and Mathews

73
Q

Schizophreniform psychosis

A

Langfeldt

74
Q

Five factor model of personality

A

Tupes and Christal

75
Q

hierarchy of needs

A 
Maslow
Physiological
Safety
Love and belonging 
Self esteem 
Self actualisation
76
Q

Harlow’s monkeys, critical period, when mother-child bonding took place

A

Harry Harlow

77
Q

“Hostile Symbiosis: and “Schism” as causes of Schizophrenia

A

Theodore Lidz

78
Q

‘Transitional object’, ‘primary object’,

‘good enough mother’; object relations

A

Donald Winnicott

79
Q

Gate control theory of pain

A

Melzack and wall

80
Q

Antimanic properties of valproate

A

Lambert

81
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Otto Kernberg

82
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Seligman and Maier

83
Q

Marital therapy

A

Henry Dicks

84
Q

‘Practice of behaviour therapy’;

‘systematic densensitization’ (late 1950s)

A

Joselph Wolpe

85
Q

Attachment theory

A

John Bowlby

86
Q

Biofeedback

A

Birk

87
Q

Classification of phobias

A

Marks

88
Q

Structura family therapy

A

Salvador Minuchin

89
Q

The ‘Milan School’ of Systemic family

therapy

A

Palazzoli et al.

90
Q

Alcohol dependency syndrome

A

Edwards and Gross

91
Q

Cognitive treatment of depression

A

A. Beck
cognitive triad of depression
1. Negative self perception
2. Tendency to view the world as hostile and demanding
3. Expectation of suffering and failure in the future

92
Q

Parasuicide

A

Kreitman

93
Q

Syndrome of subjective doubles

A

Christodolou

94
Q

Working class women in Camberwell

A

Brown and Harris

95
Q

Deliberate Self Harm, Malignant alientation

A

Morgan

96
Q

Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis

A

Munro

97
Q

Interpersonal therapy

A

Klerman et al.

98
Q

Manie sans delire

A

Pinel

99
Q

Moral insanity

A

Pritchard

100
Q

Personal construct theory

A

Kelly

101
Q

Repertory Grid

A

Bannister

102
Q

Self theory

A

Roger

Person centred theory of personality and psychotherapy
Self actualisation and self direction

Personality is a dynamic phenomenon

Therapists provide an environment in which clients can reconstruct their striving for self actualisation

Unconditional positive regards

103
Q

Rational emotive behaviour therapy

A

Albert Ellis
Resolving emotional and behavioural issues

Activating event
Belief- thought - feeling
Consequence then effect 1
Or STOP- dispute- consequence - effect 2

104
Q

Defences coined by Anna Freud

A 
Reaction formation 
Regression
Undoing
Introjection
Identification
Projection
Turning against the self
Reversal
Sublimation

Ego psychology

105
Q

Cognitive analytic therapy

A

Anthony Ryle

Chain of events, thoughts, emotions, motivations that explain how a target problem is established and maintained

Reciprocal roles

106
Q

Survey of psychobiological problems on medical floor

A

Art Schmale

107
Q

Cytogeneticist

A

Barbara McClintich

108
Q

Behaviourism, operant conditioning

A

Skinner

Views personality as also acquired based on reward and punishment

109
Q

Carl Jung

A

Analytic psychology
Collective unconscious includes archetypes
Common shared mythological and symbolic past

Anima- feminist side of males
Animus-masculine side of female
Shadow- devil within
Persona- social role
Self- unity of all parts of personality

Introverts and extroverts

110
Q

Cloninger

A 
Tridimensional personality questionnaire 
Temperament and character inventory
General psychopathology 
Substance dependence 
Personality disorders

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