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MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II > 96. MRI: T1, T2 AND PD WEIGHTED IMAGES > Flashcards

96. MRI: T1, T2 AND PD WEIGHTED IMAGES Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What factor affects the Contrast of an image?
A
  • the contrast mechanism used
  • this can be T1, T2 or Photon Density

THIS IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN:
- the pulse sequence
- the repetition time
- the echo time

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2
Q
  1. When we have tissues with a low proton density, how do they always appear on an MR image?
A
  • they appear dark
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3
Q
  1. What does the colour of the tissue, in which the nuclei move, depend on?
A
  • it depends on the velocity of the nuclei
  • it depends on the Pulse Sequence used
  • this will make the tissue either appear bright or dark
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4
Q
  1. What allows us to produce images in which the contrast is predictable?
A
  • selecting specific parameters

SELECTED PARAMETERS:
- will favour one contrast mechanism for the image
- it will disregards the other mechanisms

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5
Q
  1. What needs to be demonstrated in T1 weighted images?
A
  • a difference in the T1 Relaxation times of the tissues

TO ACHIEVE THIS:
- we select a Repetition Time (TR) that is short
- this will also make sure there are no T2 effects in the
image

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6
Q
  1. What causes the contrast in T1 Weighted Images?
A
  • the differences in the T1 Recovery times of tissues
  • this difference will be exaggerated
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7
Q
  1. What are the different colours in T1 Weighted Images due to?
A

BRIGHT REGIONS:
- these are white in colour
- they produce a high signal
- they are tissues that have a short T1 Relaxation time
- such as fat

DARK REGIONS:
- these are black in colour
- they produce a low signal
- they are tissues that have a long T1 Relaxation Time
- such as Water

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8
Q
  1. What do T1 weighted images best demonstrate?
A
  • they demonstrate the anatomy

THEY CAN ALSO SHOW THE PATHOLOGY:
- if we use a Contrast Enhancement Agent
- such as Gadolinium

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9
Q
  1. What colours do the following body parts appear as
    in a T1 Weighted Image?

9.1. Cerebro-Spinal Fluid
9.2. Muscle
9.3. Spinal Cord
9.4. Fat
9.5. Disk
9.6. Air
9.7. Inflammation
9.8. White Matter
9.9. Cortex

A

(9.1.) Dark

(9.2.) Grey

(9.3.) Grey

(9.4.) Bright

(9.5.) Grey

(9.6.) Very Dark

(9.7.) Dark

(9.8.) Bright

(9.9.) Grey

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10
Q
  1. What needs to be demonstrated in T2 weighted images?
A
  • the differences in the T2 Relaxation times of the tissues

TO ACHIEVE THIS:
- we use a long T2 Relaxation Time
- this gets rid of any T1 effects in the images

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11
Q
  1. What produces the contrast in T2 weighted images?
A
  • the differences in the T2 Decay times of tissues
  • this difference is exaggerated
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12
Q
  1. What do the different colours in the T2 weighted image represent?
A

DARK REGIONS:
- they look black
- they produce a low signal
- they have a short T2 decay time
- such as fat

VERY DARK REGIONS:
- they look black
- they produce a very low signal
- they have a short T2 decay time
- such as air

BRIGHT REGIONS:
- they look white
- they produce a high signal
- they have a long T2 decay time
- such as water and Cerebro-Spinal fluid

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13
Q
  1. What are T2 images used to analyse?
A
  • they analyse pathology
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14
Q
  1. What colours do the following body parts appear as
    in a T2 Weighted Image?

14.1. Cerebro-Spinal Fluid
14.2. Muscle
14.3. Spinal Cord
14.4. Fat
14.5. Disk
14.6. Air
14.7. Inflammation
14.8. White Matter
14.9. Cortex

A

(14.1.) Bright

(14.2.) Dark Grey

(14.3.) Light Grey

(14.4.) Bright

(14.5.) Bright

(14.6.) Very Dark

(14.7.) Bright

(9.8.) Dark Grey

(9.9.) Light Grey

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15
Q
  1. What needs to be demonstrated in Proton Density Images?
A
  • differences in the proton densities of tissues

TO ACHIEVE THIS:
- both T1 and T2 effects are diminished

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16
Q
  1. How do we diminish the T1 effects in Proton Density Weighted Images?
A
  • we use a long Repetition Time (TR)
17
Q
  1. How do we diminish the T2 effects in Proton Density Weighted Images?
A
  • we use a short Echo Time (TE)
18
Q
  1. What causes the contrast in Proton Density weighted images?
A
  • the difference in the Proton Densities of the tissues
19
Q
  1. What do the different colours in Proton Density Weighted images represent?
A

DARK REGIONS:
- they look black
- they produce a low signal
- they have a low proton density

BRIGHT REGIONS:
- they look white
- they produce a high signal
- they have a high proton density

20
Q
  1. What are some body parts that produce high signals and appear bright on the Proton Density images?
A
  • Cerebro-Spinal Fluid
  • Synovial Fluid
  • Slow-flowing Blood
  • Infection
  • Inflammation
  • Oedema
  • Cysts
  • Fat
21
Q
  1. What are some body parts that produce low signals and appear dark on the Proton Density images?
A
  • Air
  • Fast flowing blood
  • Tendons
  • Cortical Bone
  • Scar Tissue
  • Calcification
22
Q
  1. Name two parts of the body that always look dark on MR images regardless of what kind of weighting the image had?
A
  • Cortical Bone
  • Air
23
Q
  1. What do we use Proton Density images for?
A
  • anatomy
  • some pathology
24
Q
  1. Label the diagram.
A
  1. Tumour
  2. Oedema
  3. T1 Weighted Image
  4. T2 Weighted Image
25
Q
  1. Label this diagram.
A
  1. T1 Weighted Image
  2. T2 Weighted Image
  3. Proton Density Weighted Image
26
Q
  1. Label this diagram.
A
  1. T2 Weighted Image
  2. T1 Weighted Image
  3. Photon Density Weighted Image

MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II (108 decks)

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