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MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II > 44. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: GAMMA DECAY > Flashcards

44. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: GAMMA DECAY Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What kind of daughter nucleus can be produced in Alpha and Beta Decay?
A
  • a daughter nucleus that is in an excited state
  • this can be done without expending the full amount of
    decay energy that is available
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2
Q
  1. How does an excited daughter nucleus decay to its ground state in certain Alpha or Beta decays?
A
  • it de-excites with a time delay
  • this happens over the course of either several minutes
    or several hours
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3
Q
  1. What state does the daughter nucleus need to be in in order to produce Gamma Rays?
A
  • the daughter nucleus must be in an excited state
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4
Q
  1. In which two ways can a daughter nucleus reach its ground state?
A

METHOD 1:
- the daughter nucleus can emit its excitation energy
- this is in the form of a gamma (y) photon
- this is a decay process known as Gamma (y) decay

METHOD 2:
- the daughter nucleus can transfer its excitation energy
- it transfers it to one of its associated Atomic Orbital
electrons
- this process is known as Internal Conversion (IC)
- this is a non- radioactive process

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5
Q
  1. What is happening in this image?
A
  • excess Gamma radiation is occurring
  • this happens when the daughter nucleus reaches its
    ground state
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6
Q
  1. What can be said about the daughter nucleus de-excitation in most radioactive Alpha or beta cases?
A
  • it occurs instantaneously
  • the emitted gamma (y) rays are referred to as if they
    were produced by the parent nucleus
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7
Q
  1. What happens when Cobalt-60 decays into Nickel-60 through Beta Minus Decay?
A

THE GAMMA (y) RAYS:
- follow the Beta - Decay
- they originate from nuclear de-excitations of Nickel-60

FOR CONVENIENCE PURPOSES:
- we refer to these gamma (y) rays as the Cobalt-60 y
rays

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8
Q
  1. What can be inferred from this image?
A

99.98% OF THE COBALT:
- follows the Beta Decay path

0.12% OF THE COBALT:
- release an electron of higher energy
- this releases a gamma ray of 1.3325 MeV

COBALT DECAYS INTO NICKEL:
- this is done by Beta Minus Decay
- the excess energy is releases as Gamma Photons

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9
Q
  1. How does an excited daughter nucleus decay to its ground state in certain Alpha or Beta decays?
A
  • it de-excites with a time delay
  • this happens over the course of either several minutes
    or several hours
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10
Q

10 . What is the Metastable state?

A
  • this is the excited state of the Daughter nucleus
  • this state is reached when a daughter nucleus is in the
    process of decaying to its ground state
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11
Q
  1. What is the process of de-excitation known as?
A
  • Isometric Transition
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12
Q
  1. How do we identify the nucleus in a metastable state?
A
  • we identify it with the letter “m”
  • we place this next to the atomic mass number
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13
Q
  1. What is an isomers?
A

THESE ARE NUCLEI:
- they have the same atomic number (Z)
- they have the same atomic mass number (A)
- they have different energy states

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14
Q
  1. What does Gamma (y) decay stand for?
A
  • it stands for nuclear de-excitation
  • this happens by the emission of a Gamma (y) ray
    photon
  • it can also happen through Internal Conversion (IC)
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15
Q
  1. What does Gamma (y) decay only imply?
A
  • it only implies the emission of Gamma photons
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16
Q
  1. What determines the energy of the Gamma (y) rays that are emitted during Gamma Decay?
A
  • the energy level structures of the Radionuclides
17
Q
  1. What mathematical equation represents the Gamma (y) Decay process?
A
  • = excited nucleus

THIS NUCLEUS CAN REACH ITS GROUND STATE:
- by releasing one gamma photon

18
Q
  1. What is Internal Conversion (IC)?
A
  • this is a kind of nuclear de-excitation
  • the de-excitation energy is transferred from the parent
    nucleus
  • this energy is transferred almost in full to an orbital
    electron of the same atom
19
Q
  1. How can we represent Internal Conversion in an equation?
A

Q = quantity of the energy of the gamma photon
Ve = Neutrino
V- = Anti-Neutrino

MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II (108 decks)

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