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MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II > 1. IONISING RADIATION > Flashcards

1. IONISING RADIATION Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Is there radiation in the room currently?
A
  • yes
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2
Q
  1. What is the frequency of Visible Light?
A
  • 430 to 750 THz
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3
Q
  1. What is the strongest type of Radiation?
A
  • Ionising Radiation
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4
Q
  1. What can Ionising Radiation cause?
A
  • harm
  • it is the only type of radiation that is harmful
  • it can cause cancer through DNA damage
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5
Q
  1. What exists when it comes to Ionising Radiation?
A
  • defined standards on how to measure ionising
    radiation
  • a definitive measure of how much ionising radiation
    will be hazardous
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6
Q
  1. What are the 3 types of Radiation?
A
  1. Electromagnetic Radiation
  2. Particulate Radiation
  3. Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation
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7
Q
  1. What waves make up Electromagnetic Radiation?
A
  • Electromagnetic waves
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8
Q
  1. What are Electromagnetic waves characterised by?
A

THEY ARE CHARACTERISED BY THEIR:
- Amplitude
- Wavelength (λ)
- Frequency (f)
- Speed (v)

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9
Q
  1. What can be said about the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
  • it is constant
  • it is denoted by: “c”
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10
Q
  1. How do we calculate the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
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11
Q
  1. In X-Rays, what is wavelength usually expressed in?
A
  • nanometers (nm)
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12
Q
  1. In X-Rays, what is frequency usually expressed in?
A
  • Hertz (Hz)
  • 1 cycle per second
  • 1 s⎺¹
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13
Q
  1. What does Ionising Radiation affect?
A
  • it affects all the uses of radiation in Medicine
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14
Q
  1. What are y-rays commonly referred to as?
A
  • Gamma Rays
  • Photons
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15
Q
  1. How would you describe a photon?
A
  • a bundle of radiation
  • a particle of radiation
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16
Q
  1. What is the only difference between light photons and y-ray photons?
A
  • their energy (E)
  • their frequency (f)
17
Q
  1. How do we calculate the energy of a photon?
A
18
Q
  1. What is the unit that is commonly used to denote photon energy?
A
  • the Electronvolt (eV)

NB:
- 1 Joule = 6.241509 x 10¹⁸ Electron Volt (eV)

19
Q
  1. What is the only energy that needs to be considered in Radiology?
A
  • the electron
  • this has a rest mass of 9.109 x 10⎺³¹ kg
  • it has a rest energy of 511 keV
20
Q
  1. What are the two classifications of Radiation?
A
  1. Ionising Radiation
  2. Non-Ionising Radiation
  • this depends on its ability to ionise matter
21
Q
  1. What can be said about Non-Ionising Radiation?
A
  • it cannot ionise matter
  • it is not harmful for human tissue
22
Q
  1. What can be said about Ionising Radiation?
A
  • it can ionise matter
23
Q
  1. What frequency is considered Ionising?
A
  • electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is higher
    than the near-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
    spectrum
24
Q
  1. What frequency is considered Non-Ionising?
A
  • electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is lower
    than the far-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
    spectrum
25
Q
  1. What are 3 examples of Non-Ionising Radiation?
A
  1. Visible Light
  2. Infrared
  3. Radio-frequency
26
Q
  1. What is the Atomic Number?
A
  • this is the number of protons
  • the symbol is Z
27
Q
  1. What is the Atomic Mass Number (A)?
A
  • this is the number of protons plus the number of
    neutrons in an atom
28
Q
  1. What can be said about the relationship between the energy of the electron orbits and its distance from the nucleus?
A

THE FURTHER THE ELECTRON ORBIT IS FROM THE NUCLEUS:
- the higher the energy of the electrons will be

29
Q
  1. Fill in the labels for the following numbered spaces.
A
  1. Nucleus
  2. K (2 electrons)
  3. L (8 electrons)
  4. M (18 electrons)
  5. N (32 electrons)
30
Q
  1. What happens when an electron jumps from orbital to orbital?
A
  • the electron takes on the energy of the orbital that it is
    in
31
Q
  1. What happens when an electron jumps from a higher orbital to an orbital of lower energy?
A
  • the energy that was stored in the electron
    IS NOW released in the form of a photon

MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II (108 decks)

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