1. IONISING RADIATION Flashcards
1
Q
- Is there radiation in the room currently?
A
- yes
2
Q
- What is the frequency of Visible Light?
A
- 430 to 750 THz
3
Q
- What is the strongest type of Radiation?
A
- Ionising Radiation
4
Q
- What can Ionising Radiation cause?
A
- harm
- it is the only type of radiation that is harmful
- it can cause cancer through DNA damage
5
Q
- What exists when it comes to Ionising Radiation?
A
- defined standards on how to measure ionising
radiation - a definitive measure of how much ionising radiation
will be hazardous
6
Q
- What are the 3 types of Radiation?
A
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Particulate Radiation
- Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation
7
Q
- What waves make up Electromagnetic Radiation?
A
- Electromagnetic waves
8
Q
- What are Electromagnetic waves characterised by?
A
THEY ARE CHARACTERISED BY THEIR:
- Amplitude
- Wavelength (λ)
- Frequency (f)
- Speed (v)
9
Q
- What can be said about the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
- it is constant
- it is denoted by: “c”
10
Q
- How do we calculate the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
11
Q
- In X-Rays, what is wavelength usually expressed in?
A
- nanometers (nm)
12
Q
- In X-Rays, what is frequency usually expressed in?
A
- Hertz (Hz)
- 1 cycle per second
- 1 s⎺¹
13
Q
- What does Ionising Radiation affect?
A
- it affects all the uses of radiation in Medicine
14
Q
- What are y-rays commonly referred to as?
A
- Gamma Rays
- Photons
15
Q
- How would you describe a photon?
A
- a bundle of radiation
- a particle of radiation
16
Q
- What is the only difference between light photons and y-ray photons?
A
- their energy (E)
- their frequency (f)
17
Q
- How do we calculate the energy of a photon?
A
18
Q
- What is the unit that is commonly used to denote photon energy?
A
- the Electronvolt (eV)
NB:
- 1 Joule = 6.241509 x 10¹⁸ Electron Volt (eV)
19
Q
- What is the only energy that needs to be considered in Radiology?
A
- the electron
- this has a rest mass of 9.109 x 10⎺³¹ kg
- it has a rest energy of 511 keV
20
Q
- What are the two classifications of Radiation?
A
- Ionising Radiation
- Non-Ionising Radiation
- this depends on its ability to ionise matter
21
Q
- What can be said about Non-Ionising Radiation?
A
- it cannot ionise matter
- it is not harmful for human tissue
22
Q
- What can be said about Ionising Radiation?
A
- it can ionise matter
23
Q
- What frequency is considered Ionising?
A
- electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is higher
than the near-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
spectrum
24
Q
- What frequency is considered Non-Ionising?
A
- electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is lower
than the far-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
spectrum
25
25. What are 3 examples of Non-Ionising Radiation?
1. Visible Light
2. Infrared
3. Radio-frequency
26
26. What is the Atomic Number?
- this is the number of protons
- the symbol is Z
27
27. What is the Atomic Mass Number (A)?
- this is the number of protons plus the number of
neutrons in an atom
28
28. What can be said about the relationship between the energy of the electron orbits and its distance from the nucleus?
THE FURTHER THE ELECTRON ORBIT IS FROM THE NUCLEUS:
- the higher the energy of the electrons will be
29
29. Fill in the labels for the following numbered spaces.
1. Nucleus
2. K (2 electrons)
3. L (8 electrons)
4. M (18 electrons)
5. N (32 electrons)
30
30. What happens when an electron jumps from orbital to orbital?
- the electron takes on the energy of the orbital that it is
in
31
31. What happens when an electron jumps from a higher orbital to an orbital of lower energy?
- the energy that was stored in the electron
IS NOW released in the form of a photon
