1. IONISING RADIATION Flashcards
1
Q
- Is there radiation in the room currently?
A
- yes
2
Q
- What is the frequency of Visible Light?
A
- 430 to 750 THz
3
Q
- What is the strongest type of Radiation?
A
- Ionising Radiation
4
Q
- What can Ionising Radiation cause?
A
- harm
- it is the only type of radiation that is harmful
- it can cause cancer through DNA damage
5
Q
- What exists when it comes to Ionising Radiation?
A
- defined standards on how to measure ionising
radiation - a definitive measure of how much ionising radiation
will be hazardous
6
Q
- What are the 3 types of Radiation?
A
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Particulate Radiation
- Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation
7
Q
- What waves make up Electromagnetic Radiation?
A
- Electromagnetic waves
8
Q
- What are Electromagnetic waves characterised by?
A
THEY ARE CHARACTERISED BY THEIR:
- Amplitude
- Wavelength (λ)
- Frequency (f)
- Speed (v)
9
Q
- What can be said about the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
- it is constant
- it is denoted by: “c”
10
Q
- How do we calculate the speed for all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
A
11
Q
- In X-Rays, what is wavelength usually expressed in?
A
- nanometers (nm)
12
Q
- In X-Rays, what is frequency usually expressed in?
A
- Hertz (Hz)
- 1 cycle per second
- 1 s⎺¹
13
Q
- What does Ionising Radiation affect?
A
- it affects all the uses of radiation in Medicine
14
Q
- What are y-rays commonly referred to as?
A
- Gamma Rays
- Photons
15
Q
- How would you describe a photon?
A
- a bundle of radiation
- a particle of radiation
16
Q
- What is the only difference between light photons and y-ray photons?
A
- their energy (E)
- their frequency (f)
17
Q
- How do we calculate the energy of a photon?
A
18
Q
- What is the unit that is commonly used to denote photon energy?
A
- the Electronvolt (eV)
NB:
- 1 Joule = 6.241509 x 10¹⁸ Electron Volt (eV)
19
Q
- What is the only energy that needs to be considered in Radiology?
A
- the electron
- this has a rest mass of 9.109 x 10⎺³¹ kg
- it has a rest energy of 511 keV
20
Q
- What are the two classifications of Radiation?
A
- Ionising Radiation
- Non-Ionising Radiation
- this depends on its ability to ionise matter
21
Q
- What can be said about Non-Ionising Radiation?
A
- it cannot ionise matter
- it is not harmful for human tissue
22
Q
- What can be said about Ionising Radiation?
A
- it can ionise matter
23
Q
- What frequency is considered Ionising?
A
- electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is higher
than the near-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
spectrum
24
Q
- What frequency is considered Non-Ionising?
A
- electromagnetic radiation of a frequency that is lower
than the far-Ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic
spectrum
25
Q
- What are 3 examples of Non-Ionising Radiation?
A
- Visible Light
- Infrared
- Radio-frequency
26
Q
- What is the Atomic Number?
A
- this is the number of protons
- the symbol is Z
27
Q
- What is the Atomic Mass Number (A)?
A
- this is the number of protons plus the number of
neutrons in an atom
28
Q
- What can be said about the relationship between the energy of the electron orbits and its distance from the nucleus?
A
THE FURTHER THE ELECTRON ORBIT IS FROM THE NUCLEUS:
- the higher the energy of the electrons will be
29
Q
- Fill in the labels for the following numbered spaces.
A
- Nucleus
- K (2 electrons)
- L (8 electrons)
- M (18 electrons)
- N (32 electrons)
30
Q
- What happens when an electron jumps from orbital to orbital?
A
- the electron takes on the energy of the orbital that it is
in
31
Q
- What happens when an electron jumps from a higher orbital to an orbital of lower energy?
A
- the energy that was stored in the electron
IS NOW released in the form of a photon
