9. X-RAYS: ENERGY BANDS

Question 1

1. What 3 variables do Energy Bands depend on?

Answer 1

1. THE ATOM TYPE
   
   • the atomic number of the material
2. THE SHELL
   
   • from which the electron was rejected
3. THE SHELL
   
   • from which the replacement electron comes

NB:
- characteristic line spectra are always produced by this
process
- alongside the continuous spectra

Question 2

2. How can we identify every material within the Energy Band?

Answer 2

• it can be determined by identifying the emission
  spectra of the band
• this is known as an X-Ray Spectroscopy

Question 3

3. Does this diagram make sense?

Answer 3

• yes

Question 4

4. Label the parts of the diagram numbered 1-2.

Answer 4

1. BEFORE THE PROCESS:
   
   • there is an electron with a high kinetic energy
   • this electron does not interact with other electrons
   • this electron passes very close to the Nucleus
   • it loses its kinetic energy
   • this energy is converted to Radiation
2. AFTER THE PROCESS
   - the same electron is present
   - it now has a much lower kinetic energy

Question 5

5. What does Bremsstrahlung mean in German?

Answer 5

• Breaking Radiation

Question 6

6. When does Bremsstrahlung X-Ray Production occur?

Answer 6

• when one electrically charged particle has a large
  kinetic energy
• this particle is deflected by a second charged atom

Question 7

7. What will this deflection cause?

Answer 7

• a change in momentum for the incoming electron
• this gives rise to the emission of a photon
• this photon has Electromagnetic Radiation
• this causes the incoming electron to lose energy

Question 8

8. What happens when the incoming electron loses energy?

Answer 8

• it slows down

Question 9

9. What determines the amount of energy gives over to the X-Ray photon?

Answer 9

• this energy is given to the photon from the incoming
  electron
• this energy is determined by how close the electron
  passes to the nucleus

Question 10

10. Does this diagram make sense?

Answer 10

• yes