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MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II > 81. ULTRASOUND: APPLICATIONS > Flashcards

81. ULTRASOUND: APPLICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is Doppler Imaging used to measure?
A
  • it is used to measure Blood Flow
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2
Q
  1. What are the 3 major types of display Ultrasound signals?
A
  1. A-MODE
  2. B-MODE
  3. M-MODE
    • this is also known as T-M MODE
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3
Q
  1. What were the earliest displays that were used?
A
  • A-mode devices
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4
Q
  1. What does the A-mode display?
A
  • it displays the voltage
  • this is produced across the transducer on an
    Oscilloscope

IT SHOWS A GRAPH:
- of intensity vs. distance

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5
Q
  1. What is the A-Mode?
A
  • this is the Amplitude Mode

THE AMPLITUDE OF THE REFLECTED SOUND
- is shown by the height of the vertical deflection on the
Oscilloscope

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6
Q
  1. This is an example of a sound wave being transmitted through the side of the head.
    What can be interpreted?
A

THE REFLECTED BEAM IS A LINE:
- it has 3 distinct peaks
- these are known as the Amplitudes
- they form where the sound is reflected off of 3 hard
formations

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7
Q
  1. This is an example of a sound wave being transmitted through the side of the head.
    What can be said about the distinct peaks?
A

THE FIRST PEAK:
- is the skull closest to the Transducer

THE SECOND PEAK:
- is the midline structure in the brain
- this is known as Flax Cerebril

THE THIRD PEAK:
- is formed from the skull bone on the opposite side of
the head

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8
Q
  1. What does A-Mode accurately determine?
A
  • it accurately determines the depth of the reflectors
  • this can show the width of the organs

IT IS USED EXTENSIVELY:
- in ophthalmology
- this is where accurate measurements are important

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9
Q
  1. What is B-Mode?
A
  • this is Brightness Mode
  • it is the pillar of ultrasound imaging
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10
Q
  1. What does B-Mode provide?
A
  • provides a real-time display
  • this is also gray-scale
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11
Q
  1. What do the variations in intensity and brightness indicate when we use B-Mode?
A
  • they indicate reflected signals of different amplitudes
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12
Q
  1. What do Brighter parts indicate when we use
    B-Mode?
A
  • they indicate larger reflections of sound

ON A BLACK BACKGROUND:
- the signals of greatest intensity are white

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13
Q
  1. How does the absence of echoes come across in the images when we use B-Mode?
A
  • the absence of echoes are black
  • they also have intermediate intensities that appear as
    grey
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14
Q
  1. What does the Ultrasound Transducer (source) generate?
A
  • it generates a short pulse
  • this propagates through the body at the speed of
    Sound of soft tissue (1540 m/s)
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15
Q
  1. What happens when the shirt pulse reaches an interface?
    (when looking at B-Mode signals)
A
  • a small fraction of the pulse is reflected back to the
    Transducer
  • this is known as the Echo Signal
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16
Q
  1. What are the Echo Signals displayed as?
    (when looking at B-Mode signals)
A
  • they are displayed as a function of time
  • this is called an “A” Scan
17
Q
  1. What happens when the Transducer is coupled to an arm?
A
  • the signals are displayed as bright spots
  • these represent the tomographic image of the tissue
  • the image is called a “B” scan
18
Q
  1. Does this image make sense?
A
  • yes
19
Q
  1. What is M-Mode?
A
  • this is Motion Mode
  • it provides a one-dimensional view of moving objects
    over time
20
Q
  1. When is M-Mode extremely useful?
A
  • it is extremely useful in Echocardiography
21
Q
  1. What does M-Mode display in Echocardiography?
A
  • it displays the echo amplitude from the beating heart
  • it includes the motion of the heart valves
22
Q
  1. Where is the Transducer positioned when we look at M-Modes in Echocardiography?
A
  • it is positioned over the heart
  • it is kept stationary
  • it records the returning echoes over the same plane
23
Q
  1. What changes in Echocardiography scans?
A
  • the position of the heart wall
  • the position of the heart valves
  • they change from one moment to the next
24
Q
  1. What is a limitation of M-Mode?
A
  • the difficulty in achieving consistent and accurate
    beam placements
  • this is with regards to the standard measurements and
    calculations
25
Q
  1. Does this image make sense?
A
  • yes

MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II (108 decks)

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