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Elena .M
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Decks in this class (108)
1. IONISING RADIATION
1 is there radiation in the room ...,
2 what is the frequency of visibl...,
3 what is the strongest type of r...
31
cards
2. IONISING RADIATION: INTERACTIONS OF PHOTONS WITH MATTER
1 what are the three types of int...,
2 how can a photon be absorbed,
3 what happens after the photo ha...
33
cards
3. IONISING RADIATION: X-RAY IMAGING
1 how do some images reveal tissues,
2,
3 which is the least important me...
17
cards
4. IONISING RADIATION: MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS
1 what is necessary to have when ...,
2 can ionisation be identified di...,
3 who is the father of radiology
28
cards
5. IONISING RADIATION: IONISATION CHAMBERS
1 why can electricity not flow th...,
2 what is an electric current,
3 what would allow for electricit...
26
cards
6. X-RAYS
1 what does this diagram show,
1 what does this diagram show,
3 what does this image show
40
cards
7. X-RAYS: TUBE INSERT
1 what is this image showing,
2 provide the labels for the part...,
2 provide the labels for the part...
31
cards
8. X-RAYS: INTERACTIONS OF HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS WITH MATTER
1 which kinds of electrons are ac...,
2 how is thermionic emission acco...,
3 what is another term for potent...
33
cards
9. X-RAYS: ENERGY BANDS
1 what 3 variables do energy band...,
2 how can we identify every mater...,
3 does this diagram make sense
10
cards
10. X-RAYS: QUALITY ASSURANCE
1 what influences the quality of ...,
2 what influences the intensity o...,
3 what does the intensity of the ...
29
cards
11. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: FILTRATION ON THE X-RAY BEAM
1 what is mass proportional to,
2 what does the x ray beam pass t...,
3 what is the inherent filtration...
25
cards
12. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOSES
1 what is the largest man made so...,
2 how much does man made radiatio...,
3 what is the downfall to diagnos...
31
cards
13. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: DOSE LIMITS
1 fill in the empty spaces in the...,
2 what is meant by occupational,
3 in terms of absorbed energy wha...
31
cards
14. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: HUMAN RADIATION RISKS
1 what are 2 types of human radia...,
2 what are 2 types of stochastic ...,
3 what are 5 examples of stochast...
29
cards
15. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: RISK-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
1 what is risk benefit analysis,
2 where is risk benefit analysis ...,
3 what does the risk of x rays ca...
21
cards
16. RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS: SAFETY
1 when was the most recent set of...,
2 what does the 2007 recommendati...,
3 what does the scope of radiolog...
35
cards
17. ALARA: THE GOLD STANDARD OF RADIATION PROTECTION
1 what does alara stand for,
2 what are the 3 principles for r...,
3 what does the principle of opti...
31
cards
18. X-RAY DETECTORS
1 what are various radiation dete...,
2 list the 5 types of radiation d...,
3 what is the function of the ima...
29
cards
19. X-RAY DETECTORS: COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY
1 what are two examples of indire...,
2 what do both of these indirect ...,
3 what happens with the cassette ...
23
cards
20. X-RAY IMAGE QUALITY
1 why are poor quality images eas...,
2 how must radiological images be...,
3 what does an optimum quality im...
31
cards
21. X-RAY DETECTORS: UNSHARPNESS
1 what aspects is the unsharpness...,
2 what is necessary to determine ...,
3 what does blurring do
35
cards
22. X-RAY APPLICATIONS: FLUOROSCOPY
1 what is fluoroscopy,
2 what is a radiograph,
3 what is fluoroscopy used for
26
cards
23. X-RAY APPLICATIONS: MAMMOGRAPHY
1 what is mammography,
2 what does a mammography exam ai...,
3 what are the 3 main differences...
27
cards
24. X-RAY APPLICATIONS: PANORAMIC (CEPHALOMETRIC) SYSTEMS
1 what is panoramic radiography,
2 what kind of images does the,
3
4
cards
25. CT: IMAGE FORMATION
1 what is ct computed tomography,
2 when was ct introduced into med...,
3 what does ct allow for
30
cards
26. CT: IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION
1 what are the 8 steps to reconst...,
2 what happen when we have select...,
3 what do the pixels that make up...
14
cards
27. CT: FIRST GENERATION CT SCANNER
1 what does this image show,
2,
3 what type of beam does this sca...
5
cards
28. CT: SECOND GENERATION CT SCANNER
1 what does this image show,
2,
3 what type of beam does this sca...
5
cards
29. CT: THIRD GENERATION CT SCANNER
1 what does this image show,
2,
3 what type of beam does this sca...
5
cards
30. CT: FOURTH GENERATION CT SCANNER
1 what does this image show,
2,
3 what type of beam does this sca...
5
cards
31. CT: TYPES OF BEAMS
1 how can we increase the spatial...,
2 what kind of beam is shown in t...,
3 what kind of beam does this ima...
29
cards
32. CT: MULTI SLICE CT
1 what happens when we increase t...,
2 what is the advantage of a mult...,
3 why are multi slice cts and the...
26
cards
33. CT: COLLIMATORS
1 what are collimators,
2 what do ct units make use of,
3 what does the interaction of x ...
26
cards
34. CT: RING ARTEFACTS
1 what,
2,
2
19
cards
35. CT: QUALITY ASSURANCE
1 why is the determination of dos...,
2 what is difficult to do with re...,
3 what do cts tend to result in i...
33
cards
36. CT: CTDI
1 what is the final ctdi result,
2 what does the ctdi vol not reflect,
3 through which conditions does t...
14
cards
37. CT: DOSE REDUCTION
1 can clinically adequate images ...,
2,
3 why is so much improvement happ...
17
cards
38. CT: QUALITY ASSURANCE
1 what do ct vendors often provide,
2 how often do ca technologists p...,
3 how often do qualified medical ...
20
cards
39. NUCLEAR MEDICINE
1 what does nuclear medicine cons...,
2 what do these diagnostic and th...,
3 why do they make use of radiois...
40
cards
40. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: ALPHA DECAY
1 what was the first mode of radi...,
2 what happens during alpha decay,
3 what characterises alpha decay
15
cards
41. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: BETA DECAY
1 what happens during beta decay,
2 what is conserved during the be...,
3 what is the daughter nucleus d ...
14
cards
42. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: BETA MINUS DECAY
1 what are the radionuclides that...,
2 what happens,
3 how does the daughter nuclide d...
8
cards
43. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: BETA PLUS DECAY
1 what is beta decay characterise...,
2 what are positron emitters,
3 in which situations do we use p...
13
cards
44. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: GAMMA DECAY
1 how does an excited daughter nu...,
1 how does an excited daughter nu...,
1 how does an excited daughter nu...
19
cards
45. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: SPONTANEOUS FISSION
1 how can nuclei with very large ...,
2 what does spontaneous fission s...,
3 what kind of process does spont...
8
cards
46. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: PROTON EMISSION
1 how do proton rich nuclides nor...,
2 what happens when we have extre...,
3 what processes does proton emis...
10
cards
47. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: NEUTRON EMISSION
1 what process does neutron emiss...,
2 what kind of nucleus does neutr...,
3 what happens to the atomic numb...
7
cards
48. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
1 what happens with the pharmaceu...,
2 what can be obtained when we co...,
3 what does the radioactive compo...
19
cards
49. NUCLEAR IMAGING: ANGER CAMERA
1 how do we obtain the functional...,
2 what did hal oscar anger do in ...,
3 what happens at the camera head...
28
cards
50. NUCLEAR IMAGING: ANGER CAMERA HEAD
1 what components does the camera...,
2 what is the head housing,
3 what does the head housing cons...
27
cards
51. NUCLEAR IMAGING: PULSE HEIGHT ANALYSER & COMPUTERS
1 what happens after each gamma p...,
2 what is the summed output of al...,
3 with regards to input what does...
14
cards
52. NUCLEAR IMAGING: SPECT
1 what does spect stand for,
2 what kind of views do the spect...,
3 how do we obtain images in a ct...
15
cards
53. NUCLEAR IMAGING: PET
1 what does pet stand for,
2 what is the difference between ...,
3
19
cards
54. NUCLEAR IMAGING: MULTI MODALITY IMAGING
1 what kind of information do bot...,
2 what is necessary to know when ...,
3
9
cards
55. RADIOTHERAPY
1 what is radiation therapy,
2,
3 what is the disadvantage of exp...
27
cards
56. RADIOTHERAPY: THE 4 R'S OF FRACTIONATION
1 what are the 4 r s of fractiona...,
2 what is repair,
3 what is redistribution
13
cards
57. RADIOTHERAPY: TREATMENT MACHINES FOR RADIOGRAPHY
1 which factors can be controlled...,
2 what are 2 essential issues in ...,
3 what kind of particles should t...
16
cards
58. RADIOTHERAPY: LINAC
1 what does linac stand for,
2 what are the advantages of linacs,
3 what are two other kinds of acc...
26
cards
59. RADIOTHERAPY: PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
1 what is the function of acceler...,
2,
3 what is the purpose of the elec...
19
cards
60. RADIOTHERAPY: LINAC COMPONENTS
1 does this image make sense,
2 how are linacs often mounted,
3 what 5 major and distinct secti...
10
cards
61. RADIOTHERAPY: CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY
1 which aspect can be improved in...,
2 what do these special tumour co...,
3 what is conformal radiotherapy
11
cards
62. RADIOTHERAPY: BRACHYTHERAPY
1 define brachytherapy,
2 how is brachytherapy given,
3 how is the dose delivered durin...
20
cards
63. RADIOTHERAPY: BRACHYTHERAPY CONTINUED
1 what will the continuous delive...,
2 what do the continuous delivery...,
3 what are the 6 types of brachyt...
22
cards
64. RADIOTHERAPY: ISODOSE MEASUREMENT
1 what is important when we look ...,
2 what is the importance of the d...,
3 how do we measure the dose at a...
18
cards
65. RADIOTHERAPY: TREATMENT PLANNING
1 what does the treatment plan de...,
2 what is the treatment volume,
3 what is the treated volume
25
cards
66. RADIOTHERAPY: IMRT
1 what happens in imrt,
2 how does imrt work,
3
20
cards
67. ULTRASOUNDS
1 what do ultrasounds allow for,
2 what do ultrasounds make use of,
3 where are the high frequency wa...
16
cards
68. ULTRASOUNDS: DOPPLER ULTRASOUNDS
1 what is another term for a dopp...,
2 what does a doppler ultrasound do,
3 what do colour ultrasounds allo...
40
cards
69. ULTRASOUNDS: PULSED WAVES
1 what is the speed of sound in s...,
2 what characteristics determine ...,
3 what is the stiffness
25
cards
70. ULTRASOUNDS: ULTRASOUND TISSUE INTERACTIONS
1 what is the transducer for sound,
2 what happens when the sound wav...,
3 what is scatter
17
cards
71. ULTRASOUNDS: SPECULAR REFLECTION
1 what happens when we have an ac...,
2 what is another term for sound ...,
3 what are 2 examples of specular...
21
cards
72. ULTRASOUNDS: IMAGING WITH ULTRASOUNDS
1 what do ultrasound images display,
2 what are the differences in aco...,
3 in its simplest form how is a u...
20
cards
73. ULTRASOUNDS: TRANSDUCER
1 what is a transducer,
2 what are the 2 functions of the...,
3 why do different transducer sha...
20
cards
74. ULTRASOUNDS: PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
1 what are transducers made of,
2 what are some examples of piezo...,
3 do the piezoelectric properties...
12
cards
75. ULTRASOUNDS: RECEIVERS
1 what is the purpose of the rece...,
2 what do different tissue thickn...,
3 what
13
cards
76. ULTRASOUNDS: FIELDS
1 what does a transducer produce,
2 what 3 factors does the charact...,
3 what is the function of the aco...
20
cards
77. ULTRASOUNDS: FOCUSED TRANSDUCERS
1 which 2 mechanisms help to focu...,
2 what do transducers use an arra...,
3 what is phased array
20
cards
78. ULTRASOUNDS: RESOLUTION
1 what does the spatial resolutio...,
2 what 3 planes do we consider sp...,
3 what do these test images of ph...
24
cards
79. ULTRASOUNDS: LATERAL RESOLUTION
1 what is lateral resolution,
2 what does lateral resolution te...,
3 what determines the lateral res...
22
cards
80. ULTRASOUNDS: IMAGE ARTEFACTS
1 what are the 5 image artefacts,
2 what are artefacts,
3 how are artefacts generated
31
cards
81. ULTRASOUND: APPLICATIONS
1 what is doppler imaging used to...,
2 what are the 3 major types of d...,
3 what were the earliest displays...
25
cards
82. ULTRASOUNDS: THE DOPPLER PRINCIPLE
1 what is the doppler principle,
2 what is one vital part of the b...,
3 what does the doppler principle...
13
cards
83. ULTRASOUNDS: ELASTOGRAPHY
1 what does the compressibility o...,
2 what,
3 what is elastography
8
cards
84. ULTRASOUNDS: THERMAL EFFECTS
1 what happens to the temperature...,
2 why does the temperature rise i...,
3 what determines how a tissue ca...
7
cards
85. ULTRASOUNDS: MECHANICAL EFFECTS
1 what do most of the mechanical ...,
2 what is cavitation,
3 what kind of pressures does a s...
9
cards
86. ULTRASOUNDS: QUALITY ASSURANCE OF ULTRASOUNDS
1 what does the ultrasound qualit...,
2 what needs to be tested with th...,
3 what does routine quality assur...
7
cards
87. MRI: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
1 define magnetic predisposition ...,
2 what is magnetic predisposition...,
3 what can be said about the stat...
37
cards
88. MRI: ELECTROMAGNETISM
1 what are magnetic fields genera...,
2 in which directions can the mag...,
3 what is ampere s law
24
cards
89. MRI: SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTROMAGNETS
1 what does this image show,
2 what do superconductive mris ma...,
3 what are some examples of the a...
17
cards
90. MRI: MOTION WITHIN THE ATOM
1 how many types of motion partic...,
2 what are the 3 types of motion ...,
3 label this image
15
cards
91. MRI: MAGNETIC ALIGNMENT
1 what is the alignment of the mr...,
2 what happens to the mr active n...,
3 which two theories do we have w...
27
cards
92. MRI: RESONANCE
1 define resonance,
2 how is resonance induced in mr,
3 what does the applies radio fre...
12
cards
93. MRI: CONTRAST
1 why does an image have contrast,
2 how is the net magnetisation ve...,
3 what are some examples of these...
16
cards
94. MRI: RELAXATION
1 define relaxation,
2 when do we remove the radio fre...,
3 what happens once we remove the...
22
cards
95. MRI: T1 RECOVERY & T2 DECAY
1 what is the cause of t1 recovery,
2,
3 what happens when the magnetic ...
36
cards
96. MRI: T1, T2 AND PD WEIGHTED IMAGES
1 what factor affects the contras...,
2 when we have tissues with a low...,
3 what does the colour of the tis...
26
cards
97. MRI: RADIO FREQUENCY COILS
1 what are radio frequency coils,
2 what happens when a current pas...,
3 what effects the mr signal dire...
22
cards
98. MRI: VOLUME COILS
1 where do we find volume coils,
2 what can be said about the sign...,
3 what are two examples of volume...
12
cards
99. MRI: CONVENTIONAL SPIN ECHO
1 what aspects define a pulse seq...,
2 what do pulse sequences control,
3 what happens when we select int...
32
cards
100. MRI: INVERSION RECOVERY SEQUENCE
1 define inversion recovery,
2 what happens when the inverting...,
3 define ti
21
cards
101. MRI: GRADIENT ECHO SEQUENCE
1 define gradient echo pulse sequ...,
2 other than the gradient what el...,
3
17
cards
102. MRI: FLOW PHENOMENA
1 what type of flow can be seen i...,
1 what type of flow can be seen i...,
1 what type of flow can be seen i...
30
cards
103. FMRI: DIFFUSION
1 define diffusion,
1 define diffusion,
3 define diffusion coefficient
29
cards
104. FMRI: APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (ADC)
1 what do the different colours i...,
2 what is the relation between th...,
3
16
cards
105. FMRI: MECHANISM
1 what are the main differences b...,
2 define fmri,
3 what do we do with the two imag...
28
cards
106. MRI SAFETY
1 is mri considered a safe modality,
2 in which aspects do we assess t...,
3 what are the important bio effe...
27
cards
107. MRI: VARYING MAGNETIC FIELDS
1 what are varying magnetic fields,
2,
3 what does this image show
14
cards
108. MRI: PREGNANCY AND PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS
1 where are pregnant staff and ph...,
2 can pregnant patients undergo a...,
3 what poses an issue when it com...
17
cards
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MED 107- MEDICAL PHYSICS II
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