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Neurosensory > 9. Systems in the NS. Sensory III - the SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

9. Systems in the NS. Sensory III - the SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

SENSATION is the PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTION to the SURROUNDING WORLD

what are the PURPOSES of SENSATION

A
  • BALANCE & PHYSICAL ORIENTATION
  • RESPONSE to constant CHANGES in the Environment
  • PLEASURE/PAIN
  • SAFETY - Reflex Movements away from harm
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2
Q

TYPES of SENSATION

A

SOMATOSENSORY / CUTANEOUS Senses:
Touch, Pressure, Vibration, Temperature, Pain, Proprioception

SPECIAL SENSES: Smell, Taste, Hearing, Sight

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM

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3
Q

what are the SPECIALISED Cutaneous Receptors

A
  • PACINIAN
    -MERISSNER’S CORPUSCLE
  • MERKEL’S DISCS
  • RUFFINI
  • Mechanoreceptors
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4
Q

what are the UNSPECIALISED Cutaneous Receptors

A
  • FREE NERVE ENDINGS
  • HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS
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5
Q

what does the SPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES detect

A

PRESSURE
RAPID VIBRATIONS (200-300 Hz)

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6
Q

what does the SPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
MEISSSNER’S CORPUSCLES detect

A
  • 50 Hz MECHANORECEPTOR
  • LIGHT TOUCH
  • TEXTURE
  • RAPID ADAPTION
  • HIGH SENSITIVITY
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7
Q

what does the SPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
MERKEL’S DISCS detect

A

SUSTAINED TOUCH & PRESSURE

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8
Q

what does the SPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
RUFFINI ENDINGS detect

A

SLOW ADAPTING MECHANORECEPTORS
- DEEP SKIN TENSION / SENSION
- JOINT ANGLE CHANGE
- MODULATES GRIP
- DEEP THERMAL PAIN (deep thermal Burns loss of pain)

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9
Q

what does the SPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
MECHANORECEPTORS detect

A

TOUCH, PRESSURE, STRETCH

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10
Q

what does the UNSPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
FREE NERVE ENDINGS detect

A

PAIN
TEMPERATURE
MECHANICAL DEFORMATION
CHEMICAL

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11
Q

what does the UNSPECIALISED CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR -
HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS detect

A

TOUCH

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12
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR MODULATES GRIP

A

RUFFINI

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13
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detects RAPID VIBRATIONS (200-300)

A

PACINIAN CORPUSCLES

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14
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detect SUSTAINED TOUCH & PRESSURE

A

MERKEL’S DISCS

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15
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detects DEEP SKIN TENSION/STRETCH, JOINT ANGLE CHANGE, MODULATES GRIP, DEEP THERMAL PAIN

A

RUFFINI

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16
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detect PRESSURE & RAPID VIBRATIONS

A

PACINIAN

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17
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detect LIGHT TOUCH, TEXTURE, RAPID ADAPTION, HIGH SENSITIVITY

A

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE

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18
Q

which CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR detects PAIN, TEMPERATURE, MECHANICAL DEFORMATION, CHEMICAL

A

FREE NERVE ENDINGS
(unspecialised)

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19
Q

what are the 2 primary PROPRIOCEPTION STRETCH RECEPTORS:

A
  • MUSCLE SPINDLES
  • GOLGI TENDON APPARATUS (for REFLEX ARC)

(Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle)

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20
Q

where can you find VISCERAL STRETCH RECEPTORS

A
  • HEART
  • CAROTID
  • LUNG
  • GUT
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21
Q

sensory signals of PROPRIOCEPTION are sent to brain via which ASCENDING PATHWAYS:

A
  • SPINOCEREBELLAR
  • MEDIAL LEMINISCUS
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22
Q

how is PROPRAGTATION DETECTED/ACTIVATED at the NERVE ENDING / RECEPTOR

A

DEFORMATION of the CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING the Nerve ENDING

  • ACTIVATES MECHANICALLY-GATED ION CHANNELS
  • DEPOLARISES the RECEPTOR to reach THRESHOLD for ACTION POTENTIAL
23
Q

there are 2 ADAPTATIONS of IMPULSES: FAST & SLOW

how is the RESPONSE of the FAST ADAPTATION

A

BRIEF (short) RESPONSE

24
Q

there are 2 ADAPTATIONS of IMPULSES: FAST & SLOW

how is the RESPONSE of the SLOW ADAPTATION

A

continues to RESPOND to STIMULUS LONGER
(important for when you need to know that you are continuously being stimulated)

but will Eventually FATIGUE

25
how are TYPE A FIBRE types
- LARGE - FAST - MYELINATED
26
how are TYPE B FIBRE types
- SMALL - MYELINATED - SLOW / LOW CONDUCTION VELOCITY
27
how are TYPE C FIBRE types
- SMALLEST - UNMYELINATED - SLOW / LOW CONDUCTION VELOCITY SLOW PAIN
28
which FIBRE TYPE are MUSCLE PROPRIOCEPTORS
A ALPHA
29
which FIBRE TYPE are SKIN MECHANORECEPTORS for NON-NOXIOUS (non-harmful) STIMULI
A BETA
30
which FIBRE TYPE are NOXIOUS MECHANICAL STIMULUS, for PAIN & TEMPERATURE
A - DELTA
31
which FIBRE TYPE are for SLOW PAIN, NOXIOUS HEAT and CHEMICAL STIMULI
C fibres
32
in SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS there are PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY NEURONS. where are their CELL BODIES LOCATED
In DORSAL ROOT GANGLION, SPINAL CORD, THALAMUS
33
name of the SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAY / SENSORY PATHWAY of the CNS
DORSAL COLUMN MEDIAL LEMINISCAL PATHWAY
34
how are ASCENDING PATHWAYS to the THALAMUS
MOSTLY DECUSSATED (cross over) some IPSILATERAL
35
which TRACT is for PAIN & TEMPERATURE
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT - most decussate
36
which TRACT is for VIBRATION & PROPRIOCEPTION
POSTERIOR COLUMNS - Most Ipsilateral
37
what CLINICAL FINDINGS present in a SPINAL CORD LESION
- IPSILATERAL WEAKNESS - IPSILATERAL LOSS of VIBRATION & PROPRIOCEPTION - COTRALATERAL LOSS of PAIN/TEMP at or few levels below lesion
38
in SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT for PAIN & TEMPERATURE are neurones ipsilateral or do they decussate
MOST DECUSSATE
39
in POSTERIOR COLUMNS for VIBRATION & PROPRIOCEPTION are neurones ipsilateral or do they decussate
MOST IPSILATERAL
40
how is the REFLEX ARC RESPONSE
RAPID RESPONSE when DANGER/HARM to SPINAL CORD - RELAY NEURON - MOTOR NEURON efferents from spinal cord, doesn't relay to brain for immediate response
41
what are the CENTRAL PATHWAYS
- MEDIAL LEMINISCUS - MEDULLA - THALAMUS - CORTEX - PRIMARY SENSORY AREA -> cerebellum for posture, balance - CORTICAL ASSOCIATION PATHWAYS
42
the POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX is for what
PROPRIOCEPTION (where the body is in space)
43
in which LOBE are the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX and SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
FRONTAL LOBE
44
example of REFERRED PAIN is CARDIAC PAIN being felt in the...
ARM as dorsal root ganglion are connected so there is stimulation of adjacent areas
45
example of REFERRED PAIN is ANGINA PECTORIS being felt in the...
ARM, JAW
46
example of REFERRED PAIN is PLEURITIS (inflammation of Diaphragm) being felt in the...
SHOULDER
47
example of REFERRED PAIN is PLEURITIS (inflammation of Diaphragm) being felt in the...
SHOULDER
48
example of REFERRED PAIN is URINARY TRACT INFECTION being felt in the...
BACK, ABDOMEN
49
example of REFERRED PAIN is AORTIC ANEURYSM being felt in the...
BACK
50
example of REFERRED PAIN is CHOLECYSTITIS (galbladder inflamation) being felt in the...
RIGHT SHOULDER / SCAPULAR AREA
51
what is PHANTOM LIMB PAIN
LONG-LASTING NOXIOUS INPUT to the LIMB - DEVELOPMENT of CORTICAL PAIN MEMORY and ENHANCED EXCITABILITY result in AMPUTATION (reorganisation of the amputation zone in somatosensory cortex)
52
what are ANALGESICS / chemicals released for PAIN MODULATION
- KININS & SEROTONINS released at site of injury - ENDORPHINS - block plain perception
53
MECHANICAL forms of PAIN MODULATION, Non-painful sensory stimuli:
- RUBBING - HEAT or COLD - CHEMICAL STIMULI eg CAPSAICIN (RED PEPPER) other stimuli to try and mask the painful pathway

Neurosensory (17 decks)

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