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Neurosensory > 8. Organisation of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

8. Organisation of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define DERMATOME and MYOTOME

A

Dermatome: a SLICE of SKIN

Myotome: a SLICE of MUSCLE

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2
Q

which SPINAL ROOT is SENSORY (and where is it going into)

A

DORSAL / POSTERIOR

into DORSAL / ALAR HORNS of GREY MATTER - pointy

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3
Q

which SPINAL ROOT is MOTOR (and where is it coming from)

A

VENTRAL / ANTERIOR

from VENTRAL / BASAL HORNS of GREY MATTER

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4
Q

which part of PNS is in ROSTRO-CAUDAL AXIS (top to bottom)

A

CRANIAL NERVES

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5
Q

in PNS SPINAL NERVE ROOT -> SPINAL NERVE for OVER THE TRUNK

how is it for LIMBS

A

ROOT -> PLEXUS -> NERVE

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6
Q

Name the 2 GANGLIA of the PNS

A
  • DORSAL ROOT GANGLION : where cell bodies of sensory neurones are
  • AUTONOMIC GANGLION (SYMPATHETIC) : contains cell bodies of the post ganglionic autonomic axon
    (contain the ONLY SYNAPSES in the PNS)
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7
Q

SENSORY system uses what type of nerve cells

A

UNIPOLAR cells in the DRG

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8
Q

MOTOR system uses what

A

(ALPHA) MOTOR NEURON in the ANTERIOR / VENTRAL HORN

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9
Q

AUTONOMIC system uses what

A

AUTONOMIC GANGLIA and PRE/POST FIBRES

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10
Q

where is the place that has the ONLY SYNSAPSES in the PNS

A

AUTONOMIC GANGLIA

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11
Q

which CRANIAL NERVES arise from the BRAINSTEM

therefore these are PERIPHERAL

A

3 - 12

Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

(all EXCEPT Olfactory and Optic)

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12
Q

which CRANIAL NERVES come from the MIDBRAIN

A

3 & 4

OCCULOMOTOR & TROCHLEAR
(eye movement)

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13
Q

which CRANIAL NERVES come from the PONS

A

5, 6, 7, 8

TRIGEMINAL, ABDUCENS, FACIAL, VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

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14
Q

which CRANIAL NERVES come from the MEDULLA

A

9, 10, 11, 12

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL, VAGUS, ACCESSORY, HYPOGLOSSAL

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15
Q

where does FACIAL NERVE arise from

A

PONS

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16
Q

where does TROCHLEAR NERVE arise from

A

MIDBRAIN

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17
Q

where does VAGUS NERVE arise from

A

MEDULLA

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18
Q

where does ABDUCENS NERVE arise from

A

PONS

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19
Q

where does TRIGEMINAL NERVE arise from

A

PONS

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20
Q

where does the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE arise from

A

MEDULLA

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21
Q

where does VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE arise from

A

PONS

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22
Q

MIDBRAIN consists of what for processing

A
  • CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS,
  • S. NIGRA
  • AUDITORY & VISUAL REFLEX CENTRES
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23
Q

PONS consists of what for processing

A

CEREBRO-CEREBELLAR RELAYS

also Apneustic and Pneumotaxic centres for respiration

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24
Q

MEDULLA consists of what for processing

A
  • LONG TRACTS
  • RESPIRATORY and CARDIAC CENTRES
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25
what GANGLIA are CRANIAL (not in PNS)
- SENSORY GANGLIA (drg equivalents) - PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (pns has sympathetic)
26
what does RAMUS mean
BRANCH
27
RAMI of the SPINAL NERVE that come after the roots
VENTRAL RAMI (important) - lateral and ventral (anterior) DORSAL RAMI - supplies skin and muscles of the back (posterior)
28
what GANGLIA exist on VENTRAL ROOTS
AUTONOMIC GANGLION aka SYMPATHETIC GANGLION
29
AUTONOMIC (SYMPATHETIC) GANGLION CONNECT to the SPINAL ROOTS via which ADDITIONAL RAMI
RAMI COMMUNICATES - can be WHITE RAMI (more myelinated) or GREY RAMI
30
what do RAMI COMMUNICATES do (white or grey)
CONNECT the SYMPATHETIC GANGLION to the SPINAL ROOTS
31
example of a PLEXUS: BRACHIAL PLEXUS what are the SPINAL ROOTS
C5-T1 C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
32
NERVES that arise from the BRACHIAL PLEXUS (C5-T1)
- RADIAL NERVE wrist and finger Extensors - MEDIAN NERVE muscles of Thenar Eminence (base of thumb) and lateral hand sensation - ULNAR NERVE most muscles of Hand, Medial hand sensation also MUSCULOCUTANEOUS, Cutaneous nerves of arm/forearm Axillary nerve
33
NERVES that arise from the LUMBAR SACRAL PLEXUS
- FEMORAL NERVE (L2-L4) knee Extension, Anterior thigh sensation - SCIATIC NERVE (L4-S2) Hip Extension, Knee Flexion branches: -> COMMON PERONEAL / FIBULAR NERVE Ankle Dorsiflexion & Eversion, Lateral Leg sensation -> TIBIAL NERVE Ankle Plantarflexion & Inversion
34
LAYER SURROUNDING the AXONS in a nerve:
ENDONEURIUM
35
LAYER SURROUNDING the FASCICLES (bundles of axons) in a nerve:
PERINEURIUM
36
OUTERMOST LAYER that SURROUNDS PERIPHERAL NERVES
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL EPINEURIUM
37
how are SCHWANN CELLS in MYELINATED AXONS
series of schwann cells LINED UP ALONG the AXON each one having a WRAPPED COATING of MYELIN insulating the axon - each AXONAL SEGMENT is ENCASED in WRAPPED LAYERS of LIPID MEMBRANE of the SCHWANN CELL
38
how are SCHWANN CELLS in UNMYELINATED AXONS
unmyelinated axons in PNS are ENCASED BY SCHWANN CELL CYTOPLASM but no wrapped coating of myelin surround axons - SUPPORTED BY SCHWANN CELLS
39
how do DIVIDE NERVES into TYPES by their...
- FUNCTION - DIRECTIONALITY (Afferent or Efferent) - MYELINATION STATUS - AXONAL DIAMETER - A, B, C Fibres
40
how are A NERVE FIBRES
LONGEST DIAMETER MYELINATED FAST - alpha, beta, gamma (efferent) and delta (afferent) types
41
how are B NERVE FIBRES
SMALL DIAMTER (middle) MYELINATED *SLOW mostly PRE-GANGLIONIC AUNTONOMIC FIBRES
42
how are C NERVE FIBRES
SMALLEST DIAMETER *UNMYELINATED FAST mostly POST-GANGLIONIC ANS and some PAIN fibres - SLOW PAIN
43
PRE-GANGLIONIC ANS FIBRES are normally what type
B small, myelinated, slow
44
POST-GANGLIONIC ANS FIBRES are normally what type
C smallest, unmyelinated, slow
45
which NERVE FIBRES transmit SLOW PAIN
C FIBRES
46
what type of NEURONS are used in PNS SENSORY SYSTEM
PSEUDOUNIPOLAR DRG Neurons Cell Bodies as an expansion of the Dorsal Root
47
PNS SENSORY SYSTEM. PROXIMAL BRANCHES of DRG NEURON enter either:
- DORSAL (posterior) COLUMN OF CORD (white matter) dosal column/medial lemniscus pathway carries complex somatosensory information ie movement ASCENDS - DORSAL (posterior) HORN OF CORD (white matter) Spinothalamic pathway, 2nd order neuron
48
where are CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS and what are they
SENSORY RECEPTORS in the SKIN that permit a range of SOMATOSENSORY SUB-MODALITIES to be DETECTED
49
those CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS that DETECT MOVEMENT have RAPIDLY-ADAPTING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and transmit it to the CNS VIA...
FAST ABETA AFFERENTS - well myelinated
50
those CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS that TRANSMIT SUBMODALITIES ie PAIN use what..
SMALLER AXONS SLOW NOCICEPTIVE FREE ENDINGS that transmit via C-FIBRES - to encourage animal to protect an injured part
51
MOTOR NEURON CELL BODIES are LOCATED where
in the VENTRAL (anterior) HORN of the GREY MATTER of the cord their AXONS transverse the White Matter of cord, form BUNDLES (FASCICLES) and then EXIT the cord as a VENTRAL ROOT VENTRAL & DORSAL ROOTS JOIN after the DRG at the exit point of the INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN
52
the MUSCLES CORRESPONDING to a SPINAL CORD are a..
MYOTOME
53
what is a MOTOR UNIT (consist of)
a MOTOR NEURON, its AXON, AXONAL BRANCHES, their TERMINATIONS and CONNECTED MYOFIBRILS
54
HIGHER BRAIN CENTRES (CNS) influence the OUTPUT of PARASYMPATHETIC ANS - major play in this is the...
HYPOTHALAMUS
55
where are the CELL BODIES of the PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS in the PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
in the CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI in the BRAINSTEM and SACRAL CORD (autonomic fibres are particularly in cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10 nuclei)
56
where are the CELL BODIES of the PREGANGLIONIC NEUROS in the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
in the CENTRAL GREY - INTERMEDIOLATERAL HORN in CERVICAL, THORACIC & LUMBAR REGIONS
57
which REGIONS have the LATERAL HORN on the CENTRAL GREY
CERVICAL THORACIC LUMBAR
58
the MOST ROSTAL (superior) SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW is at what spinal level
T1 (parasympathetic is higher)
59
what are in the VENTRAL HORNS of CENTRAL GREY
MOTOR NEURON CELL BODIES
60
how are the CAROTID ARTERY and the VAGUS NERVE OPPOSITE?
CAROTID ARTERY - Carries SYMPATHETIC outflow UP to head VAGUS NERVE - Carries PARASYMPATHETIC outflow DOWN from brainstem
61
how does CAROTID ARTERY carry SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW (from, to..) in its wall
FROM THORACIC CORD - TO HEAD UP
62
how does VAGUS NERVE carry PARASYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW (from, to..)
FROM BRAINSTEM - TO TRUNK DOWN
63
where is SYMPATHETIC OUFLOW FROM in the CAROTID ARTERY
from THORACIC TRUNK up to head
64
AFFERENTS can also exist from .. as ..
INTERNAL ORGANS as VISCERAL AFFERENTS
65
where are the PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS in the SYMPATHETIC vs PARASYMPATHETIC
Sympathetic: CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR Cord (THORACO-LUMBAR OUTFLOW) Parasympathetic: BRAINSTEM (mostly) and SACRAL CORD
66
where are SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA vs PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA And so how are their PRE-GANGLIONIC FIBRE LENGTHS?
Sympathetic: NEAR CNS Parasympathetic: NEAR/WITHIN the END ORGAN (not near CNS) Sympathetic: SHORT PRE-GANGLIONIC Parasympathetic: LONG PRE-GANGLIONIC (post-ganglionic are short)
67
POST GANGLIONIC NEURONS use what CHEMICAL in SYMPATHETIC vs PARASYMPATHETIC
Sympathetic: NORADRENERGIC (noradrenaline) Parasympathetic: CHOLINERIC (Acetylcholine) (act as MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS)
68
what use FAST ABETA AFFERENTS
CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS that transmit the DETECTION OF MOVEMENT

Neurosensory (17 decks)

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