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Neurosensory > 7.1 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves - OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR > Flashcards

7.1 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves - OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR Flashcards

1
Q

the OUTER EAR is made up of the …

A

AURICLE (where sound collects)
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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2
Q

the MIDDLE EAR is made up of the..

A

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
MASTOID AIR CELLS (allow air to pass)
AUDITORY OSSICLES - 3 BONES
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE (EUSTACHIAN TUBE)

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3
Q

INNER EAR is made up of the…

A

LABRINTH
NERVES - VESTIBULAR and COCHLEAR (from Vestibulocochlear)

COCHLEAR

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4
Q

what part of the EAR SHAPES and COLLECTS AIR VIBRATIONS / Sound

A

AURICLE of outer ear

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5
Q

the AURICLE of the OUTER EAR is made up of..

A

THIN PLATE of ELASTIC CARTILAGE covered by skin

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6
Q

PARTS on the AURICLE:

A
  • HELIX
  • ANTIHELIX
  • LOBULAR (ear lobe, made up of fatty tissue covered by skin)
  • TRAGUS
  • ANTITRAGUS
  • CONCHA
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7
Q

EXTERNAL ACOUSIC MEATUS is NEXT to the… of the AURICLE

A

TRAGUS

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8
Q

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS (OUTER EAR) is S-SHAPED and ENDS at the…

A

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

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9
Q

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
how much of it is MADE UP from CARTILAGE

A

LATERAL 1/3RD

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10
Q

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
how much of it is MADE UP from TEMPORAL BONE

A

MEDIAL 2/3RD

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11
Q

the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE is covered with SKIN on the OUTSIDE and … on the INSIDE

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANE

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12
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE is CONNECTED to the surrounding TEMPORAL BONE by what

A

FIBROCARTILAGINOUS RING (all around it)

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13
Q

what characteristic does the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE have that allows structures of the MIDDLE EAR to be VIEWED during OTOSCOPY

A

it is a TRANSLUCENT membrane

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14
Q

which BONE ATTACHES to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

MALLEUS BONE

  • HANDLE OF THE MALLEUS attaches

(hammer like appearance)

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15
Q

name of the rest of the MEMBRANE of the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

PARS TENSA

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16
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
name of the part of the PARS TENSA MEMBRANE that is between the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR FOLDS

A

PARS FLACCIDA

  • more flaccid (loose)
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17
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
2 landmarks visible at the TOP and BOTTOM of the HANDLE OF MALLEUS

A

top: LATERAL PROCESS OF MALLEUS
bottom: UMBA

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18
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
2 landmarks visible at the TOP and BOTTOM of the HANDLE OF MALLEUS

A

top: LATERAL PROCESS OF MALLEUS
bottom: UMBO

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19
Q

the LATERAL …. of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up of CARTILAGE

A

1/3RD

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20
Q

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE from the NASOPHARYNX opens into which part of the EAR and what does it do

A

MIDDLE EAR (comes up to tympanic membrane)

  • EQUALISES PRESSURE in the middle ear
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21
Q

how many AUDITORY OSSICLES are in the MIDDLE EAR

A

3

22
Q

the MEDIAL …. of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up of TEMPORAL BONE

A

2/3RD

23
Q

where is the LABYRINTH found (which part of ear)

A

INNER EAR

24
Q

in which part of the EAR are the MASTOID AIR CELLS

A

MIDDLE EAR

25
Q

what is the name of the part of the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE where LIGHT that enters HITS FIRST

A

CONE OF LIGHT
(on the Pars Tensa)

26
Q

the MIDDLE EAR is an … CONTAINING CAVITY

A

AIR CONTAINING CAVITY

27
Q

MIDDLE EAR is an Air containing cavity in WHICH PART of the TEMPORAL BONE

A

PETROUS part of Temporal Bone

28
Q

MIDLE EAR is LINED with a …

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANE

29
Q

The MIDDLE EAR contains the AUDITORY OSSICLES whose function is to..

A

TRANMIT the VIBRATIONS FROM TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

  • TO THE PERILYMPH of the INNER EAR / to the OVAL WINDOW (FENESTRA VESTIBULI)

tympanic membrane -> fenestra vestibuli / oval window -> inner ear perilymph

30
Q

AUDITORY OSSICLES are 3 SMALL … BONES found in the TYMPANIC CAVITY

A

MOBILE

  • so are able to wobble and vibrate to pass the sound on
31
Q

NAMES of the 3 OSSICLES from Lateral to Medial

A
  • MALLEUS
  • INCUS
  • STAPES
32
Q

the HEAD of the MALLEUS has an ARTICULATE SURFACE and ARTICULATES anteriorly or posteriorly with the INCUS (Large Body)

A

POSTERIORLY

33
Q

HANDLE OF MALLEUS passes DOWNWARDS and …. and ATTACHES to TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

DOWNWARDS & BACKWARDS

(Umbo at bottom of handle)

34
Q

what acts as the FULCRUM (Pivot point/hinge?) of the AXIS OF ROTATION of the MALLEUS/INCUS COMPLEX

A

ANTERIOR PROCESS of the MALLEUS

(projects forward)

35
Q

what part of the INCUS ARTICULATES with the Head of the MALLEUS

A

LARGE BODY

36
Q

INCUS has a … which ATTACHES to the POSTERIOR WALL of the TYMPANIC CAVITY

A

SHORT PROCESS

37
Q

what does the LONG PROCESS of the INCUS do

A

DESCENDS PARALLEL with MALLEUS

& BENDS at distal end (bottom) to ATTACH to HEAD of STAPES

38
Q

SHORT PROCESS of INCUS ATTACHES where

A

to POSTERIOR WALL on TYMPANIC CAVITY

39
Q

what is the SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY

A

STAPES

40
Q

STAPES has …. which ATTACH at the OVAL BASE

A

2 LIMBS

  • 2 helps percussion of the vibration to go to the base (1 large one wouldn’t resonate as well)
41
Q

the EDGE of the BASE of the STAPES is ATTACHED at the …

A

FENESTRA VESTIBULI - OVAL WINDOW

42
Q

what ALLOW AIR to be RELEASED INTO the MIDDLE EAR when the PRESSURE is TOO LOW

A

MASTOID AIR CELLS

43
Q

when do the MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR into the MIDDLE EAR

A

when the PRESSURE IS TOO LOW

44
Q

what allows AIR to be RELEASED FROM the MIDDLE EAR when the PRESSURE is TOO HIGH

A

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

45
Q

AUDITORY OSSICLES (MALLEUS, INCUS, STAPES) TRANSMIT VIBRATIONS from the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE to the …

A

OVAL WINDOW / FENESTRA VESTIBULI

to the PERILYMPH of the INNER EAR

46
Q

which BONE is ATTACHED to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

MALLEUS

  • HANDLE of malleus
47
Q

which AUDITORY OSSICLE is the SMALLEST

A

STAPES

  • SMALLEST BONE IN WHOLE BODY
48
Q

when PRESSURE is TOO HIGH in the MIDDLE EAR what happens

A

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE RELEASES AIR FROM it (by tensing muscles)

thus EQUALISING PRESSURE

49
Q

what happens when PRESSURE is TOO LOW in the MIDDLE EAR

A

MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR INTO it

50
Q

what happens when PRESSURE is TOO LOW in the MIDDLE EAR

A

MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR INTO it

51
Q

the MEDIAL PART of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up from..

A

2/3rd TEMPORAL BONE

Neurosensory (17 decks)

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