7.1 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves - OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR Flashcards
the OUTER EAR is made up of the …
AURICLE (where sound collects)
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
the MIDDLE EAR is made up of the..
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
MASTOID AIR CELLS (allow air to pass)
AUDITORY OSSICLES - 3 BONES
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE (EUSTACHIAN TUBE)
INNER EAR is made up of the…
LABRINTH
NERVES - VESTIBULAR and COCHLEAR (from Vestibulocochlear)
COCHLEAR
what part of the EAR SHAPES and COLLECTS AIR VIBRATIONS / Sound
AURICLE of outer ear
the AURICLE of the OUTER EAR is made up of..
THIN PLATE of ELASTIC CARTILAGE covered by skin
PARTS on the AURICLE:
- HELIX
- ANTIHELIX
- LOBULAR (ear lobe, made up of fatty tissue covered by skin)
- TRAGUS
- ANTITRAGUS
- CONCHA
EXTERNAL ACOUSIC MEATUS is NEXT to the… of the AURICLE
TRAGUS
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS (OUTER EAR) is S-SHAPED and ENDS at the…
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
how much of it is MADE UP from CARTILAGE
LATERAL 1/3RD
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
how much of it is MADE UP from TEMPORAL BONE
MEDIAL 2/3RD
the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE is covered with SKIN on the OUTSIDE and … on the INSIDE
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE is CONNECTED to the surrounding TEMPORAL BONE by what
FIBROCARTILAGINOUS RING (all around it)
what characteristic does the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE have that allows structures of the MIDDLE EAR to be VIEWED during OTOSCOPY
it is a TRANSLUCENT membrane
which BONE ATTACHES to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
MALLEUS BONE
- HANDLE OF THE MALLEUS attaches
(hammer like appearance)
name of the rest of the MEMBRANE of the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
PARS TENSA
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
name of the part of the PARS TENSA MEMBRANE that is between the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR FOLDS
PARS FLACCIDA
- more flaccid (loose)
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
2 landmarks visible at the TOP and BOTTOM of the HANDLE OF MALLEUS
top: LATERAL PROCESS OF MALLEUS
bottom: UMBA
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
2 landmarks visible at the TOP and BOTTOM of the HANDLE OF MALLEUS
top: LATERAL PROCESS OF MALLEUS
bottom: UMBO
the LATERAL …. of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up of CARTILAGE
1/3RD
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE from the NASOPHARYNX opens into which part of the EAR and what does it do
MIDDLE EAR (comes up to tympanic membrane)
- EQUALISES PRESSURE in the middle ear
how many AUDITORY OSSICLES are in the MIDDLE EAR
3
the MEDIAL …. of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up of TEMPORAL BONE
2/3RD
where is the LABYRINTH found (which part of ear)
INNER EAR
in which part of the EAR are the MASTOID AIR CELLS
MIDDLE EAR
what is the name of the part of the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE where LIGHT that enters HITS FIRST
CONE OF LIGHT
(on the Pars Tensa)
the MIDDLE EAR is an … CONTAINING CAVITY
AIR CONTAINING CAVITY
MIDDLE EAR is an Air containing cavity in WHICH PART of the TEMPORAL BONE
PETROUS part of Temporal Bone
MIDLE EAR is LINED with a …
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
The MIDDLE EAR contains the AUDITORY OSSICLES whose function is to..
TRANMIT the VIBRATIONS FROM TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
- TO THE PERILYMPH of the INNER EAR / to the OVAL WINDOW (FENESTRA VESTIBULI)
tympanic membrane -> fenestra vestibuli / oval window -> inner ear perilymph
AUDITORY OSSICLES are 3 SMALL … BONES found in the TYMPANIC CAVITY
MOBILE
- so are able to wobble and vibrate to pass the sound on
NAMES of the 3 OSSICLES from Lateral to Medial
- MALLEUS
- INCUS
- STAPES
the HEAD of the MALLEUS has an ARTICULATE SURFACE and ARTICULATES anteriorly or posteriorly with the INCUS (Large Body)
POSTERIORLY
HANDLE OF MALLEUS passes DOWNWARDS and …. and ATTACHES to TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
DOWNWARDS & BACKWARDS
(Umbo at bottom of handle)
what acts as the FULCRUM (Pivot point/hinge?) of the AXIS OF ROTATION of the MALLEUS/INCUS COMPLEX
ANTERIOR PROCESS of the MALLEUS
(projects forward)
what part of the INCUS ARTICULATES with the Head of the MALLEUS
LARGE BODY
INCUS has a … which ATTACHES to the POSTERIOR WALL of the TYMPANIC CAVITY
SHORT PROCESS
what does the LONG PROCESS of the INCUS do
DESCENDS PARALLEL with MALLEUS
& BENDS at distal end (bottom) to ATTACH to HEAD of STAPES
SHORT PROCESS of INCUS ATTACHES where
to POSTERIOR WALL on TYMPANIC CAVITY
what is the SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY
STAPES
STAPES has …. which ATTACH at the OVAL BASE
2 LIMBS
- 2 helps percussion of the vibration to go to the base (1 large one wouldn’t resonate as well)
the EDGE of the BASE of the STAPES is ATTACHED at the …
FENESTRA VESTIBULI - OVAL WINDOW
what ALLOW AIR to be RELEASED INTO the MIDDLE EAR when the PRESSURE is TOO LOW
MASTOID AIR CELLS
when do the MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR into the MIDDLE EAR
when the PRESSURE IS TOO LOW
what allows AIR to be RELEASED FROM the MIDDLE EAR when the PRESSURE is TOO HIGH
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE
AUDITORY OSSICLES (MALLEUS, INCUS, STAPES) TRANSMIT VIBRATIONS from the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE to the …
OVAL WINDOW / FENESTRA VESTIBULI
to the PERILYMPH of the INNER EAR
which BONE is ATTACHED to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
MALLEUS
- HANDLE of malleus
which AUDITORY OSSICLE is the SMALLEST
STAPES
- SMALLEST BONE IN WHOLE BODY
when PRESSURE is TOO HIGH in the MIDDLE EAR what happens
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE RELEASES AIR FROM it (by tensing muscles)
thus EQUALISING PRESSURE
what happens when PRESSURE is TOO LOW in the MIDDLE EAR
MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR INTO it
what happens when PRESSURE is TOO LOW in the MIDDLE EAR
MASTOID AIR CELLS RELEASE AIR INTO it
the MEDIAL PART of the EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS is made up from..
2/3rd TEMPORAL BONE
