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Neurosensory > 7.2 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

7.2 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

INNER EAR / LABYRINTH is within what PART of the TEMPORAL BONE

A

PETROUS part of Temporal Bone
(same as Middle Ear)

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2
Q

the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH is LATERAL to the..

A

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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3
Q

What ORGANS does the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH HOUSE

A

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR Organs

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4
Q

what does the INNER EAR CONVERT

A

MECHANICAL SIGNALS FROM the MIDDLE EAR

into ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO the BRAIN

(by causing release of Neurotransmitter)

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5
Q

what is the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH VITAL for

A

BALANCE

by DETECTING POSITION & MOTION

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6
Q

INNER EAR consists of BONY LABYRINTH and MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH.

What does BONY LABYRINTH Consist of

A

VESTIBULE (ENTRANCE)
3 SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (POSTERIOR, ANTERIOR, LATERAL)
COCHLEA

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7
Q

BONY CAVITIES of the BONY LABYRINTH are LINED BY..

A

PERIOSTEUM

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8
Q

BONY LABYRINTH CONTAINS a CLEAR FLUID called

A

PERILYMPH

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9
Q

VESTIBULE is the ENTRANCE to the INNER EAR with the … at its LATERAL WALL

A

OVAL WINDOW (FENSTRA VESTIBULI)

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10
Q

VESTIBULE is the ENTRANCE / CENTRE PART of BONY LABYRINTH which ALLOWS…

A

COMMUNICATION
with the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (SUPERIORLY) and the COCHLEAR (ANTERIORLY)

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11
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is a CONTINUOUS SYSTEM of…

A

DUCTS

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12
Q

DUCTS in MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH are FILLED WITH…

A

ENDOLYMPH

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13
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is BETWEEN which 2 FLUIDS
(inside:
surrounding:)

A

ENDOLYMPH inside

and outside SURROUNDING it is the PERILYMPH of the BONY LABYRINTH

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14
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is COMPOSED of…

A

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (inside semicircular canals - bony)

Otolith organs:
SACCULE
UTRICLE

COCHLEAR DUCT (inside cochlear - bony)

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15
Q

what is PERILYMPH LINED BY

A

PERIOSTEUM
- BONY LABYRINTH

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16
Q

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (Bony) PROJECT in what DIRECTION from the VESTIBULE

A

POSTEROSUPERIOR

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17
Q

how is VESTIBULE in RELATION to the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (direction)

A

ANTEROINFERIOR

as the Semicircular Canals Project Posterosuperiorly from the vestibule

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18
Q

the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS, UTRICLE, SACCULE are all RESPONSIBLE FOR…

A

BALANCE

  • VESTIBULAR APPARATUS that signal to VESTIBULAR NERVE
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19
Q

How do SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS know that the HEAD is MOVING (feature)

A

they are each Situated in DIFFERENT PLANES

(so feedback from one duct to the brain will allow brain to recognise which plane is stimulated)

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20
Q

what is the name of the SWELLING at one END of each SEMICIRCULAR DUCT that allows for CONVERSION of the SIGNAL

A

AMPULLA

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21
Q

How does the AMPULLA of a SEMICIRCULAR DUCT SEND INFORMTATION to the BRAIN about the PLANE of MOVEMENT (which ampulla is stimulated)

A
  • MOVEMENT OF ENDOLYMPH (WAVE) causes MOVEMENT OF STEREOCILIA on HAIR CELLS

Hair cells are stimulated

and STIMULATES RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER to send chemical signal to the brain

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22
Q

how are SEMICIRCULAR CANALS/DUCTS SAT in RELATION to each other

A

AT RIGHT ANGLES

therefore in different planes

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23
Q

how do the AMPULLAS of SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS cause RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER to signal to the brain
(Convert mechanical signal into chemical / electrical signal)

A

by MOVEMENT of the STEROCILIA on the Hair Cells

due to movement of the ENDOLYMPH

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24
Q

what are the OTOLITH ORGANS and what do they do

A

UTRICLE & SACCULE

detect FORWARD & BACKWARDS MOVEMENTS
detect GRAVITATIONAL FORCES

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25
which OTOLITH ORGAN detects VERTICAL MOVEMENT
SACCULE
26
which OTOLITH ORGAN detects HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
UTRICLE
27
what do OTOLITH ORGANS have on top that cause MOVEMENT of STEREOCILIA for RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER
OTOCONIA MOVEMENT of OTOCONIA causes MOVEMENT of STEREOCILIA of hair cells
28
COCHLEA DUCT (Membranous Labyrinth) is located within the BONY SCAFFOLD of the COCHLEA (Bone Labyrinth) what does COCHLEA DUCT Contain (FLUID)
ENDOLYMPH as it is Membranous Layrint
29
COCHLEA DUCT (Membranous Labyrinth) is located within the BONY SCAFFOLD of the COCHLEA (Bone Labyrinth) what does COCHLEA DUCT Contain (FLUID)
ENDOLYMPH as it is Membranous Layrinth
30
presence of the COCHLEAR DUCT within the COCHLEA scaffold CREATES what (and what are they called)
2 CANALS: - SCALA VESTIBULI (inner) - SCALA TYMPANI (outer)
31
which CANAL - SCALA - of the COCHLEA do SOUND WAVES travel to FIRST
SCALA VESTIBULI
32
the OVAL WINDOW (FENESTRA VESTIBULI) is MOVED by the MOVEMENT of the OSSICLES (middle ear) this CREATES WAVES that move through the PERILYMPH, causing MOVEMENT of the....
BASILAR MEMBRANE (in COCHLEAR)
33
what is the HELICOTREMA
the CENTRE part of the COCHLEA
34
COCHLEAR also has a SCALA...
MEDIA
35
how does BASILAR MEMBRANE Respond to sound (special characteristic)
DIFFERENT PORTIONS RESPOND to DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES of Sound
36
as WAVES PASS DOWN the BASILAR MEMBRANE they REACH THEIR...
PEAK at the part of the membrane that responds to the original stimulus
37
which PARTS of the BASILAR MEMBRANE in the COCHLEA respond to LOW TONES, MIDDLE TONES, HIGH TONES
LOW TONES: more CENTRAL MIDDLE TONES : middle HIGH TONES: OUTER / peripheral
38
MOVEMENT of the BASILAR MEMBRANE (caused by movement of perilymph) is CONVERTED into ELECTRICAL STIMULUS at the....
ORGAN OF CORTI
39
BASILAR MEMBRANE transmits to ORGAN OF CORTI which AMPLIFIES and TRANSMITS SOUND to the..
SPIRAL GANGLION which JOIN to become COCHLEAR NERVE
40
at the ORGAN OF CORTI how is movement / mechanical signal from Basilar Membrane CONVERTED into ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
STEROCILIA (mechanosensing organelles) of HAIR CELLS MOVE RELEASE NEUROTRANSMITTERS to propagate the auditory signal to the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (by COCHLEAR NERVE)
41
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (8) is PERIPHERAL and EMERGES from where in the BRAIN
PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION of the BRAINSTEM
42
COCHLEAR NERVE is for...
HEARING
43
VESTIBULAR NERVE is for...
BALANCE
44
what are the VESTIBULAR APPARATUS that send signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE for BALANCE
- SEMICIRCULAR CANALS/DUCTS - UTRICLE - SACCULE
45
COCHLEAR NERVE (receiving from COCHLEA) and VESTIBULAR NERVE MERGE in the .... and become VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE which will go back to the PONTOMEDULLAR JUNCTION
INTERNAL ACOUSTIC (AUDITORY) MEATUS
46
what is at the END of the SCALA TYMPANI that will receive VIBRATIONS and MOVE
ROUND WINDOW
47
as the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR ENTERS the MEDULLA at the PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION what happens
FIBRES BIFURCATE and end in the VENTRAL or DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEI
48
there are many locations between the MEDULLA and THALAMUS where ... OCCUR
SYNAPSES
49
in the DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS what happens to the FIBRES what do most do
MOST fibres DECUSSATE (cross over to other side) and ASEND in the CONTRALATERAL (opposite side) LATERAL LEMNISCUS - SOME stay IPSILATERAL (on the same side)
50
in the VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS what happens to the FIBRES what do most do
MOST DECUSSATE to the CONTRALATERAL (opposite side) SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS - SOME ASCEND IPSILATERAL
51
in which COCHLEAR NUCLEUS do the FIBRES DECUSSATE to the SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS
VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS
52
FIBRES of the DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS that DECUSSATE and ASCEND are in the
LATERAL LEMNISCUS (contralateral)
53
FIBRES of the VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS that DECUSSATE and ASCEND are in the
SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS (contralateral)
54
how does INFORMATION from BOTH EARS TRAVEL
BI-LATERALLY
55
FIBRES ASCEND THROUGH the LATERAL LEMNISCUS from BOTH COCHLEAR NUCLEUS and SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS ARRIVE and CONVERGE at the...
INFERIOR COLLICULUS
56
FIBRES that CONVERGE at the INFERIOR COLLICULUS PROJECT to the ...
MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY of the THALAMUS
57
MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY in the THALAMUS PROJECTS to the...
PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX (TEMPORAL LOBE)
58
which GENICULATE BODY of the THALAMUS is used for SOUND and which is used for VISION
SOUND : MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY (m = music) VISION: LATERAL GENICULATE BODY (l = light)
59
the PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX (Temporal Lobe) EXTENDS INTO which SULCUS
LATERAL SULCUS
60
what is the HEARING ASSOCIATION AREA / SECONDARY CORTEX for
- INTERPRET auditory information - PROCESSING of language SIMILAR TO WERNICKE'S AREA
61
in which SCALA of the COCHLEA would you find ENDOLYMPH
SCALA MEDIA
62
which FLUID is in the SCALA VESTIBULI & SCALA TYMPANI
PERILYMPH
63
where do FIBRES in the THALAMUS PROJECT to the PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY
64
which COCHLEAR NUCLEUS FIBRES DECUSSATE to the LATERAL LEMNISCUS
DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS
65
what happens at the INFERIOR COLLICULUS
FIBRES from the COCHLEAR NUCLEI CONVERGE and project to the THALAMUS - MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY
66
where do VIBRATIONS go after the BASILAR MEMBRANE
ORGAN OF CORTI - sensory hearing receptors
67
the INNER EAR is found in which BONE
TEMPORAL
68
which areas in the internal ear contain STEREOCILIA on HAIR CELLS that will convert the movement into an electrical signal
AMPULLA UTRICLE SACCULE (Vestibular apparatus) ORGAN OF CORTI (Cochlear)

Neurosensory (17 decks)

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