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Neurosensory > 7.2 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

7.2 Systems in the NS, Sensory II - AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS and Lower Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

INNER EAR / LABYRINTH is within what PART of the TEMPORAL BONE

A

PETROUS part of Temporal Bone
(same as Middle Ear)

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2
Q

the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH is LATERAL to the..

A

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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3
Q

What ORGANS does the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH HOUSE

A

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR Organs

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4
Q

what does the INNER EAR CONVERT

A

MECHANICAL SIGNALS FROM the MIDDLE EAR

into ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO the BRAIN

(by causing release of Neurotransmitter)

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5
Q

what is the INNER EAR / LABYRINTH VITAL for

A

BALANCE

by DETECTING POSITION & MOTION

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6
Q

INNER EAR consists of BONY LABYRINTH and MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH.

What does BONY LABYRINTH Consist of

A

VESTIBULE (ENTRANCE)
3 SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (POSTERIOR, ANTERIOR, LATERAL)
COCHLEA

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7
Q

BONY CAVITIES of the BONY LABYRINTH are LINED BY..

A

PERIOSTEUM

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8
Q

BONY LABYRINTH CONTAINS a CLEAR FLUID called

A

PERILYMPH

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9
Q

VESTIBULE is the ENTRANCE to the INNER EAR with the … at its LATERAL WALL

A

OVAL WINDOW (FENSTRA VESTIBULI)

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10
Q

VESTIBULE is the ENTRANCE / CENTRE PART of BONY LABYRINTH which ALLOWS…

A

COMMUNICATION
with the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (SUPERIORLY) and the COCHLEAR (ANTERIORLY)

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11
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is a CONTINUOUS SYSTEM of…

A

DUCTS

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12
Q

DUCTS in MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH are FILLED WITH…

A

ENDOLYMPH

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13
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is BETWEEN which 2 FLUIDS
(inside:
surrounding:)

A

ENDOLYMPH inside

and outside SURROUNDING it is the PERILYMPH of the BONY LABYRINTH

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14
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH is COMPOSED of…

A

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (inside semicircular canals - bony)

Otolith organs:
SACCULE
UTRICLE

COCHLEAR DUCT (inside cochlear - bony)

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15
Q

what is PERILYMPH LINED BY

A

PERIOSTEUM
- BONY LABYRINTH

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16
Q

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (Bony) PROJECT in what DIRECTION from the VESTIBULE

A

POSTEROSUPERIOR

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17
Q

how is VESTIBULE in RELATION to the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (direction)

A

ANTEROINFERIOR

as the Semicircular Canals Project Posterosuperiorly from the vestibule

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18
Q

the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS, UTRICLE, SACCULE are all RESPONSIBLE FOR…

A

BALANCE

  • VESTIBULAR APPARATUS that signal to VESTIBULAR NERVE
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19
Q

How do SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS know that the HEAD is MOVING (feature)

A

they are each Situated in DIFFERENT PLANES

(so feedback from one duct to the brain will allow brain to recognise which plane is stimulated)

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20
Q

what is the name of the SWELLING at one END of each SEMICIRCULAR DUCT that allows for CONVERSION of the SIGNAL

A

AMPULLA

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21
Q

How does the AMPULLA of a SEMICIRCULAR DUCT SEND INFORMTATION to the BRAIN about the PLANE of MOVEMENT (which ampulla is stimulated)

A
  • MOVEMENT OF ENDOLYMPH (WAVE) causes MOVEMENT OF STEREOCILIA on HAIR CELLS

Hair cells are stimulated

and STIMULATES RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER to send chemical signal to the brain

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22
Q

how are SEMICIRCULAR CANALS/DUCTS SAT in RELATION to each other

A

AT RIGHT ANGLES

therefore in different planes

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23
Q

how do the AMPULLAS of SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS cause RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER to signal to the brain
(Convert mechanical signal into chemical / electrical signal)

A

by MOVEMENT of the STEROCILIA on the Hair Cells

due to movement of the ENDOLYMPH

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24
Q

what are the OTOLITH ORGANS and what do they do

A

UTRICLE & SACCULE

detect FORWARD & BACKWARDS MOVEMENTS
detect GRAVITATIONAL FORCES

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25
Q

which OTOLITH ORGAN detects VERTICAL MOVEMENT

A

SACCULE

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26
Q

which OTOLITH ORGAN detects HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT

A

UTRICLE

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27
Q

what do OTOLITH ORGANS have on top that cause MOVEMENT of STEREOCILIA for RELEASE of NEUROTRANSMITTER

A

OTOCONIA

MOVEMENT of OTOCONIA causes MOVEMENT of STEREOCILIA of hair cells

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28
Q

COCHLEA DUCT (Membranous Labyrinth) is located within the BONY SCAFFOLD of the COCHLEA (Bone Labyrinth)

what does COCHLEA DUCT Contain (FLUID)

A

ENDOLYMPH

as it is Membranous Layrint

29
Q

COCHLEA DUCT (Membranous Labyrinth) is located within the BONY SCAFFOLD of the COCHLEA (Bone Labyrinth)

what does COCHLEA DUCT Contain (FLUID)

A

ENDOLYMPH

as it is Membranous Layrinth

30
Q

presence of the COCHLEAR DUCT within the COCHLEA scaffold CREATES what (and what are they called)

A

2 CANALS:

  • SCALA VESTIBULI (inner)
  • SCALA TYMPANI (outer)
31
Q

which CANAL - SCALA - of the COCHLEA do SOUND WAVES travel to FIRST

A

SCALA VESTIBULI

32
Q

the OVAL WINDOW (FENESTRA VESTIBULI) is MOVED by the MOVEMENT of the OSSICLES (middle ear)
this CREATES WAVES that move through the PERILYMPH, causing MOVEMENT of the….

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

(in COCHLEAR)

33
Q

what is the HELICOTREMA

A

the CENTRE part of the COCHLEA

34
Q

COCHLEAR also has a SCALA…

A

MEDIA

35
Q

how does BASILAR MEMBRANE Respond to sound (special characteristic)

A

DIFFERENT PORTIONS RESPOND to DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES of Sound

36
Q

as WAVES PASS DOWN the BASILAR MEMBRANE they REACH THEIR…

A

PEAK at the part of the membrane that responds to the original stimulus

37
Q

which PARTS of the BASILAR MEMBRANE in the COCHLEA respond to LOW TONES, MIDDLE TONES, HIGH TONES

A

LOW TONES: more CENTRAL
MIDDLE TONES : middle
HIGH TONES: OUTER / peripheral

38
Q

MOVEMENT of the BASILAR MEMBRANE (caused by movement of perilymph) is CONVERTED into ELECTRICAL STIMULUS at the….

A

ORGAN OF CORTI

39
Q

BASILAR MEMBRANE transmits to ORGAN OF CORTI which AMPLIFIES and TRANSMITS SOUND to the..

A

SPIRAL GANGLION

which JOIN to become COCHLEAR NERVE

40
Q

at the ORGAN OF CORTI how is movement / mechanical signal from Basilar Membrane CONVERTED into ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

A

STEROCILIA (mechanosensing organelles) of HAIR CELLS MOVE

RELEASE NEUROTRANSMITTERS to propagate the auditory signal to the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (by COCHLEAR NERVE)

41
Q

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (8) is PERIPHERAL and EMERGES from where in the BRAIN

A

PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION of the BRAINSTEM

42
Q

COCHLEAR NERVE is for…

A

HEARING

43
Q

VESTIBULAR NERVE is for…

A

BALANCE

44
Q

what are the VESTIBULAR APPARATUS that send signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE for BALANCE

A
  • SEMICIRCULAR CANALS/DUCTS
  • UTRICLE
  • SACCULE
45
Q

COCHLEAR NERVE (receiving from COCHLEA) and VESTIBULAR NERVE MERGE in the …. and become VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE which will go back to the PONTOMEDULLAR JUNCTION

A

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC (AUDITORY) MEATUS

46
Q

what is at the END of the SCALA TYMPANI that will receive VIBRATIONS and MOVE

A

ROUND WINDOW

47
Q

as the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR ENTERS the MEDULLA at the PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION what happens

A

FIBRES BIFURCATE

and end in the VENTRAL or DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEI

48
Q

there are many locations between the MEDULLA and THALAMUS where … OCCUR

A

SYNAPSES

49
Q

in the DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS what happens to the FIBRES

what do most do

A

MOST fibres DECUSSATE (cross over to other side) and ASEND in the CONTRALATERAL (opposite side) LATERAL LEMNISCUS

  • SOME stay IPSILATERAL (on the same side)
50
Q

in the VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS what happens to the FIBRES

what do most do

A

MOST DECUSSATE to the CONTRALATERAL (opposite side) SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

  • SOME ASCEND IPSILATERAL
51
Q

in which COCHLEAR NUCLEUS do the FIBRES DECUSSATE to the SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

A

VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS

52
Q

FIBRES of the DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS that DECUSSATE and ASCEND are in the

A

LATERAL LEMNISCUS (contralateral)

53
Q

FIBRES of the VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS that DECUSSATE and ASCEND are in the

A

SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS (contralateral)

54
Q

how does INFORMATION from BOTH EARS TRAVEL

A

BI-LATERALLY

55
Q

FIBRES ASCEND THROUGH the LATERAL LEMNISCUS from BOTH COCHLEAR NUCLEUS and SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

ARRIVE and CONVERGE at the…

A

INFERIOR COLLICULUS

56
Q

FIBRES that CONVERGE at the INFERIOR COLLICULUS PROJECT to the …

A

MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY of the THALAMUS

57
Q

MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY in the THALAMUS PROJECTS to the…

A

PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX (TEMPORAL LOBE)

58
Q

which GENICULATE BODY of the THALAMUS is used for SOUND and which is used for VISION

A

SOUND : MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY
(m = music)

VISION: LATERAL GENICULATE BODY
(l = light)

59
Q

the PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX (Temporal Lobe) EXTENDS INTO which SULCUS

A

LATERAL SULCUS

60
Q

what is the HEARING ASSOCIATION AREA / SECONDARY CORTEX for

A
  • INTERPRET auditory information
  • PROCESSING of language

SIMILAR TO WERNICKE’S AREA

61
Q

in which SCALA of the COCHLEA would you find ENDOLYMPH

A

SCALA MEDIA

62
Q

which FLUID is in the SCALA VESTIBULI & SCALA TYMPANI

A

PERILYMPH

63
Q

where do FIBRES in the THALAMUS PROJECT to the PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

A

MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY

64
Q

which COCHLEAR NUCLEUS FIBRES DECUSSATE to the LATERAL LEMNISCUS

A

DORSAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS

65
Q

what happens at the INFERIOR COLLICULUS

A

FIBRES from the COCHLEAR NUCLEI CONVERGE and project to the THALAMUS - MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY

66
Q

where do VIBRATIONS go after the BASILAR MEMBRANE

A

ORGAN OF CORTI
- sensory hearing receptors

67
Q

the INNER EAR is found in which BONE

A

TEMPORAL

68
Q

which areas in the internal ear contain STEREOCILIA on HAIR CELLS that will convert the movement into an electrical signal

A

AMPULLA
UTRICLE
SACCULE
(Vestibular apparatus)

ORGAN OF CORTI (Cochlear)

Neurosensory (17 decks)

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