2.2&3 Anatomy of the NS - Meninges, CSF, Blood Supply, Grey & white matter, Spinal Cord Flashcards
MENINGES are the 3 LAYERS of MEMBRANES that cover the Brain and are continuous with the Spinal Cord.
layers:
DURA - TOUGH OUTER LAYER
ARACHNOID - Spider web
PIA - THIN, INNER LAYER that ADHERES to SURFACE of BRAIN/SPINAL CORD
DURA has many different reflections consisting of how many LAYERS
2 LAYERS but only 1 PASSES THROUGH FORAMEN MAGNUM
ARACHNOID is the delicate MIDDLE layer that lines the Dura matter and DEEP to this is the..
SUB-ARACHNOID with CSF
PIA - inner layer firmly attached to surface of brain or spinal cord- FORMS what that ATTACH to ARACHNOID and DURA
DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS
VENTRICULAR SYSTEM of the BRAIN has how many VENTRICLES
how are they named
4
LATERAL ventricles (2)
3RD ventricle (near thalamus)
4TH ventricle (at level of cerebellum)
VENTRICLES of brain do what
CSF - PRODUCTION and CIRCULATION
spaces filled with CSF
CSF is PRODUCED by what in ALL ventricles
CHOROID PROCESS
what does CSF help with
CHEMICAL STABILITY
NUTRIENTS
PROTECTION of brain
how does CSF PASS BETWEEN VENTRICLES
through VENTRICULAR FORAMEN
approx how much CSF in the VENTRICULAR and SUBARACHNOID SPACES
150 ml
CSF is continuously produced by choroid plexus, circulated and REABSORBED into the…
DURAL VENOUS SINUSES
- SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
through ARACHNOID VILLI
CSF is REABSORBED INTO DURAL VENOUS SINUSES through the …
ARACHNOID VILLI
MOST CSF produced in which Ventricle
LATERAL VENTRICLES (2 of them)
how does CSF LEAVE the 4TH VENTRICLE into Subarachnoid space
via…
3 APERTURES
- MEDIAN aperture aka FORAMEN of MAGENDIE
- 2 LATERAL apertures
CSF travels from LATERAL VENTRICLES through ….. to the 3RD VENTRICLE
(but produced in all ventricles)
INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN (of Monro)
CSF travels from 3RD VENTRICLE through ….. to the 4TH VENTRICLE
CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT
and out through 3 apertures
SOME CSF MAY NOT enter the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS (dural venous sinus)
where might some of it go?
some may enter SMALL ARACHNOID VILLI
projecting into SPINAL VEINS
exiting through INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMINA
in LYMPHATICS, ADVENTITIA of ARTERIES, BASE of BRAIN, EPINEURIUM of CRANIAL NERVES
what is the FORAMEN OF MAGENDIE
name for the MEDIAN APERTURE
- one of the 3 apertures that CSF leaves 4th ventricle via, into subarachidonic space
what rises from the BRACIOCEPHALIC TRUNK (from Arch of Aorta)
(right) COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
(right) SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY BIFURCATES at what LEVEL into the INTERNAL CAROTID and EXTERNAL CAROTID (to face)
around C3-C5
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES give rise to…
VERTEBRAL ARTERIES
VERTERBRAL ARTERIES pass THROUGH the TRANSVERSE FORAMEN of the CERVICAL VERTEBRAE at which LEVELS
from C1-C6
VERTEBRAL ARTERIES MERGE to form which artery
BASILAR ARTERY
at the base of the skull
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY enters the SKULL THROUGH the…
CAROTID CANAL (MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA)
ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR BLOOD SUPPLIES coming from 2 PAIRS of ARTERIES:
INTERNAL CAROTID and VERTEBRAL ARTERIES
2 PAIRS of ARTERIES (vertebral & internal carotid) are CONNECTED together via which artery
POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY
- part of CIRCLE OF WILLIS (ring of arteries located at the base of the brain)
what JOINS the ANTERIOR CEREBARAL ARTERIES
ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING artery
ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies which part of BRAIN
MEDIAL SURFACE
(heads anteriorly)
MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies which part of BRAIN
MIDDLE portion
POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY supplies which part of BRAIN
INSIDE MEDIAL PORTION back towards OCCIPITAL LOBE
(heads posteriorly)
POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY joins the INTERNAL CAROTID to the..
POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
ARTERIES SUPPLYING the CEREBELLUM
SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR (coming of basilar)
ANTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR (coming off basilar artery)
POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR (PICA)
(coming off vertebral artery)
ARTERIES SUPPLYING BRAIN STEM PONS
PONTINE (multiple coming off basilar)
where do the DURAL VENOUS SINUSES JOIN UP (drain into)
CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES
CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES drains back to CVS by which PATHWAY
-> TRANSVERSE SINUS
-> SIGMOID SINUS
->INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
which BRANCHES JOIN to form the STRAIGHT SINUS which also drains into CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES
INFERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS & GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN
name of the DURAL VENOUS SINUS around the PITUITARY GLAND
CAVERNOUS SINUS
(gives rise to sphenoparietal sinus)
what DRAINS INTO the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
SIGMOID SINUS
MAIN DURAL VENOUS SINUS
SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
SPINAL CORD and BRAIN are made up of GREY & WHITE MATTER
how are they arranged in the SPINAL CORD
Inside GREY MATTER
Outside WHITE MATTER
(majority)
SPINAL CORD and BRAIN are made up of GREY & WHITE MATTER
how are they arranged in the BRAIN
Inside WHITE MATTER
Outside GREY MATTER
(majority)
GREY MATTER CONTAINS
numerous NERVE CELL BODIES
which form LONGITUDINAL COLUMNS ALONG the SPINAL CORD
separation of cell bodies give a characteristic H / BUTTERFLY SHAPE
GREY MATTER has 4 EXTENSIONS / PROJECTIONS that project in which directions towards the Lines of Attachment
DORSOLATERALLY / DORSAL
(pointed ends)
VENTROLATERALLY / VENTRAL
role of VENTRAL EXTENSIONS of GREY MATTER
MOTOR neurones that innervate Skeletal Muscles
role of DORSAL EXTENSIONS of GREY MATTER
SENSORY
AFFERENT NEURONES conveying IMPULSES from the body and the site of ASCENDING pathways toward the Brain
what can you see LATERALLY on GREY MATTER at THORACIC and LUMBAR ENLARGEMENTS
LATERAL HORN
LATERAL HORN of GREY MATTER contains PREGANGLIONIC NEURONES belonging to which nervous system
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (AUTONOMIC)
WHITE MATTER consists of
MYELINATED AXON TRACTS
- for FASTER SIGNALS between cells
(pale appearance due to fat / myelin)
WHITE MATTER of the SPINAL CORD consists of
ASCENDING and DESCENDING AXONS that LINK SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS to one another and to the brain
what makes up the BULK of the CENTRAL PART of BRAIN
WHITE MATTER
SPINAL CORD is CONTINUOUS With..
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
where are the ENLARGEMENTS of the SPINAL CORD due to INCREASED NERVOUS TISSUE to the upper and lower limbs
at CERVICAL and LUMBOSACRAL regions
INFERIOR part of the SPINAL CORD TAPERS OFF and finises at the…
CONUS MEDULLARIS
(cone shaped)
CONUS MEDULLARIS of SPINAL CORD is ANCHORED to the COCCYX by a FIBROUS STRAND of TISSUE called the..
FILUM TERMINALE
whats the CHORDAE EQUINA
collection of NERVES at the END of the SPINAL CORD
After it finishes off at the Conus Medullaris
SPINAL NERVE is connected by … and … ROOTS
DORSAL (Posterior) and VENTRAL (Anterior) ROOTS
DORSAL ROOT of SPINAL NERVE
afferent or efferent?
sensory or motor?
AFFERENT SENSORY root
carries signals TOWARDS the CNS
In DORSAL ROOT the CELL BODIES can be seen CLUSTERED as..
DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
VENTRAL ROOT of SPINAL NERVE
afferent or efferent?
sensory or motor?
EFFERENT MOTOR root
contains motor nerve fibres taking signals AWAY FROM CNS
which MATTER has ASCENDING and DESCENDING PATHWAYS along the SPINAL CORD
WHITE MATTER
how is WHITE MATTER in CERVICAL REGION as opposed to SACRAL REGION
MORE in CERVICAL REGION
LESS in SACRAL REGION
(less as you go further down)
which ROOT deals with SENSORY INFORMATION
DORSAL
the LATERAL HORN of GREY MATTER in the SPINAL CORD is RESPONSIBLE for what
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
name of the 2 BUMPS visible on the DORSAL SURFACE on the SPINAL CORD known as DORSAL COLUMNS
in the WHITE MATTER, particularly visible in CERVICLE Region
FASICULUS CUNEATUS
FASICULUS GRACILIS
(go to upper limbs or to lower thoracic and lower limbs)
