9. Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity

Question 1

bony parts of the nose

Answer 1

• nasal bones
• frontal process of maxill
• anasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
• bony part of the nasal septum

Question 2

cartilagenous parts of the nose

Answer 2

• 2 lateral cartilages
• 2 alar cartilages
• septa cartilage (nasal septum)

Question 3

Identify parts of the external nose.

Answer 3

Question 4

bones of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

• nasal
• maxillary
• palatine
• ethmoid
• vomer

Question 5

Identify the nasal cavity bones.

Answer 5

Question 6

Idenfity the nasal cavity bones (deep).

Answer 6

Question 7

All of the nasal cavity is lined with nasal mucosa except for _____.

Answer 7

vestible of the nose (external)

Question 8

Nasal mucosa is firmly connected to ____.

Answer 8

• periosteum of bony parts of nasal cavity
• perichondrium of cartilagenous nasal components

Question 9

areas lined by nasal mucosa

Answer 9

• respiratory area: inferior 2/3
• olfactory area: superior 1/3

Question 10

What contains the peripheral nerve endings from olfactory nerve (CN I) for olfaction?

Answer 10

olfactory mucosa

Question 11

Identify these structures.

Answer 11

Question 12

boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 12

• roof = frontal b., ethmoid b., sphenoid b.
• floor = palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
• medial wall = nasal septum*
• lateral wall = superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

Question 13

components of the nasal septum

Answer 13

• perpendibular plate of ethmoid b.
• vomer
• septal cartilage
• nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones

Question 14

divisions of the nasal cavity

Answer 14

• spheno-ethmoidal recess
• superior nasal meatus
• middle nasal meatus
• inferior nasal meatus

Question 15

opening of the sphenoid sinus

Answer 15

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 16

opening of ethmoidal sinuses

Answer 16

superior nasal meatus

Question 17

opening of frontal sinus

Answer 17

middle nasal meatus

Question 18

Where does the maxillary sinus open into?

Answer 18

maxilalry sinus opens into the middle nasal meatus (posterior part of the semilunar hiatus at the maxillary osteum)

Question 19

opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 19

inferior nasal meatus

Question 20

arterial supply to the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity

Answer 20

branches of the maxillary artery and ​facial artery

Question 21

branches of the maxillary artery (supply to nasal cavity)

Answer 21

• sphenopalatine a.
• anterior and posterior ethmoidal a.
• greater palatine a.

Question 22

branches of the facial artery (supply to the nasal cavity)

Answer 22

• superior labial a.
• lateral nasal branches

Question 23

area where all 5 arteries of the nasal cavity come together

Answer 23

Kiesselbach area

Question 24

venous drainage of the nasal cavity

Answer 24

• sphenopalatine v.
• facial v.
• ophthalmic v.

Question 25

* largest paranasal sinus * drains via **maxillary ostium** into the **middle meatus** * arterial supply: **superior alveolar branches of maxillary a.** & **greater palatine a.** * innervation: **superior alveolar n. branches (V2)**

Answer 25

maxillary sinus

Question 26

* ethmoid air cells located b/w orbits * anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into **middle meatus** * posterior ethmoidal cells drain into **superior meatus** * arterial supply = **ethmoidal arteries** * innervation = **nasociliary nerves (CN V1)**

Answer 26

ethmoid sinus

Question 27

* unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum * drains via spheno-etmoidal recess * arterial supply = **posterior ethmoidal a.** * innervation = **posterior ethmoidal n. (V1)**

Answer 27

sphenoid sinus

Question 28

* b/w outer and innter tables of frontal bone (posterior to superciliary arches) * drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of **middle meatus** * arterial supply = **supraorbital a. ad anterior ethmidal a.** * innervation = **supraorbital nerves (CN V1)**

Answer 28

frontal sinus

Question 29

which sinus is innervated by branches from the **maxillary divison of the trigeminal nerve (V2)**?

Answer 29

maxillary sinus

Question 30

small pyramid-shaped space found inferior to the apex of the orbit

Answer 30

pterygopalatine fossa

Question 31

borders of the **pterygopalatine fossa**

Answer 31

* anterior: maxillary tuberosity * posterior: pterygoid process of the sphenoid (lateral plate) * medial: perpendicular plate of the palatine bone * lateral: opens into **infratemporal fossa** via *pterygomaxillary fissure* * roof: (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid b. * floor: pyramidal process of palatine b.

Question 32

openings of the **pterygopalatine fossa**

Answer 32

* superior: **opens into** inferior orbital fissure * inferior: closed *except* palatine foramen

Question 33

contents of the **pterygopalatine fossa**

Answer 33

* maxillary nerve (CN V2) * pterygopalatine ganglion * 3rd part of the maxillary artery

Question 34

trace distribution of maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 34

Question 35

Where are *parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion* from?

Answer 35

greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)

Question 36

What forms the **nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian n.)**?

Answer 36

greater petrosal nerve (parasympathetic) + deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic)

Question 37

Parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve supply \_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 38

The deep petrosal nerve arises from \_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

internal carotid plexus

Question 39

What does the deep petrosal nerve convey?

Answer 39

**postsynaptic sympathetic fibers** (join branches of the maxillary n. via pterygopalatine ganglion) DOES. NOT. SYNAPSE.

Question 40

Where are **presynaptic sympathetic** fibers from?

Answer 40

**superior cervical ganglion**

Question 41

nervous structures of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 41

Question 42

arteries of the **pterygopalatient fossa**

Answer 42

all arteries of the pterygopalatine fossa are from the **maxillary artery** [_note_: don't confuse with the arterial supply to the _nasal cavity_, which has supply from maxillary & facial]

Question 43

parts of the pterygopalatien fossa

Answer 43

* mandibular part * pterygoid part * pterygopalatine part

Question 44

branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Answer 44

Question 45

branches of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Answer 45