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Neuroendocrine > 3. Physiology of ANS > Flashcards

3. Physiology of ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Where are autonomic responses processed?

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

In an autonomic reflex arc, the alpha-motor neuron (in skeletal muscle reflex arc) is replaced by ________.

A

autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Is the ANS a 1 -neuron or 2-neuron pathway?

A

2-neuron pathway

  1. Pre-synaptic neuron: cell body (in CNS) terminates terminates in ganglion in periphery.
  2. Cell body (in the ganglion) terminates on the end organ.
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4
Q

In ANS, what neutrotransmitter is released by pre-ganglionic axon?

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

What type of receptors do post-gangliong cells express at the post-synaptic membrane?

A

nicotinic cholinergic receptors

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6
Q

Where do parasympathetics exit the CNS?

A

cranial and sacral

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7
Q

Where do sympathetics exit the CNS?

A

thoracic and lumbar

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8
Q

Where are parasympathetics located?

A

on/near target organ

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9
Q

Where are sympathetics located?

A

sympathetic chain

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10
Q

What do the yellow arrows indicate?

A

varicosities (boutons -or- en passant synapses)

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11
Q

What type of muscles are shown in this slide?

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

Varicosities of the autonomics work the same as _____ of the NMJ.

A

pre-synaptic terminal

(Varicosities contain vesicles of NT, mitochondria, etc.)

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13
Q

In general, what is the difference between the post-synaptic side of synapse #1 and #2?

A

Ligand-gated receptors are spread out on the post-synaptic terminal.

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from parasympathetic post-ganglionic (post-synaptic) axon?

A

Acetylcholine (binds to mAChr on target cells)

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15
Q

Muscarinic receptors are part of what family of receptors?

A

metabotropic (serpentine)

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16
Q

Which muscarinic receptor is involved in:

  • in CNS - not autonomic - memory
  • increase secretion of salivary glands
  • increase secretion of acid secreting cells of stomach
17
Q

Which muscarinic receptor is involved in:

  • SM cells (contraction)
  • exocrine glands (secretion)
18
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are found in the CNS?

19
Q

Which muscarinic receptor is involved in:

  • cardiac effects > slow HR
20
Q

Which muscarinic receptors signal through Gq?

A

M1R, M3R, M5R

21
Q

Which muscarinic receptors signal through Gi/o?

A

M2R and M4R

22
Q

effect of Gq/11

A

Gq/11 > inc intracellular Ca2+

[in SKM = contract, in SMG = secretion]

23
Q

effect of Gi/o

A

Gi/o > decrease in cAMP (M2R also directly interacts at K channels)

24
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from sympathetic post-ganglionic (post-synaptic) axon?

A

Norepinephrine (binds to an adrenergic receptor)

25
Q

Adrenergic receptors are part of what family of receptors?

A

metabotropic (serpentine)

26
Q
  • SM blood vessels / urinary and reproductive tracts (contraction)
  • Liver (glycogenolysis, glucogeonesis)
  • Adipose tissue (lipolysis)
  • Lacrimal glands (reduced watery secretion)
  • Radial muscle of iris (contraction of m = dilation of pupil)
A

alpha-1 receptors

27
Q

signaling of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

A

Gq/11 > increased Ca2+ intracellularly

28
Q
  • GI sphincters (contraction)
  • pancreas (increase glucagon, decrease insulin)
  • SM of blood vessels (dilation)
  • platelets (increase clotting)
A

alpha-2 receptors

29
Q

signaling of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

A

Gi/o coupled > decreased adenylate cyclase/cAMP

30
Q
  • cardiac tissue
    • SA node = increased HR
    • Ventricular muscle = increased of contraction
  • salivary glands (viscous secretion)
  • adipose tissue (lipolysis)
31
Q

signaling of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs-coupled > increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production

32
Q
  • Relaxation of :
    • bronchiole SM
    • GI SM
    • urinary/reproductive SM
    • vascular SM
  • Liver (glycogenolysis)
  • Eye (relaxation of ciliary muscle - flattens lens)
A

beta-2 adrenergic receptors

33
Q

signaling of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs-coupled > increased adenylate cyclase activity & cAMP production

34
Q
  • white adipose tissue (lipolysis)
  • brown adipose tissue (heat production)
A

beta-3 adrenergic receptors

35
Q

signaling of beta-3 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs-coupled > increased adenylate cyclase activity & cAMP production

36
Q

What releases epinephrine during sympathetic response?

A

chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

37
Q

sympathetic system and adrena medulla

A
  • some sympathetic axons go through ganglion and synapse in the adrenal medulla (rather synapsing in paravertebral ganglion)
  • pre-ganglion releases ACh, which bings to mAchR on chromaffin cells
  • epinephrine is released into the blood
38
Q

characterize the “rest and digest” parasympathetic response

A
  • get O2
  • slow HR
  • low BP
  • digest food
  • fuel from GI
39
Q

characterize the “fight or flight” parasympathetic response

A
  • need O2 and get it to muscle
  • fast HR
  • no digestion
  • need fuel

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

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