4. Skull (Lecture) Flashcards
number of bones in skeleton
206
parts of axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
number of cranial bones
8 (2 paired, 4 unpaired)
paired cranial bones
parietal and temporal
unpaired cranal bones
frontal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid
number of facial bones
14
paired facial bones
- zygomatic
- lacrimal
- nasal
- palatine
- maxillae
- inferior nasal conchae
unpaired facial bones
vomer and mandible
characteristis of human skull: vertebrate characteristics
- encephalizaton
- skeletal protection of brain w/ bone
- formation of skull from dermal, cartilaginous, and branchial elements
characteristis of human skull: mammalian characteristics
- expansion of lateral fenestra
- expansionof braincase
- transfer of muscle origins to side of braincase
- secondary palate
- mandible reduced to single paired bone (dentary)
- 3 ossicles in middle ear
characteristis of human skull: primate characteristics
- orbital convergence
- postorbital bar
- shortening of face
- flexion of face relative to basicranium
characteristis of human skull: arthropoid characteristics
- postorbital closre
- fusion of mandibular symphysis
characteristis of human skull: hominin characteristics
- chewing (lateral motions of mandible)
- expansion of brain and braincase
characteristis of human skull: modern human characteristics
- anterior protrusion of chin
- development of mastoid process
- flexion of basicranium and retraction of face
- forehead replacing supraorbital tori
evolutionary/developmental antecedents of skull structures in modern humans
- dermatocranium
- neurocranium
- splanchnocranium
4 sutures of the skull
- coronal
- sagittal
- lambdoid
- squamous
articulation between frontal and both parietal bones
coronal suture
articulation between both parietal bones
sagittal
articulation between parietal and occipital bones
lambdoid
articulation between temporal and parietal bones
squamous
When nodding, (1) ____ articulates with the cervical vertebrae (specifically (2) _____).
- occipital condyles
- cervical vertebrae (“atlas”)
“Turkish saddle”; where the pituitary gland sits
sella turcica
exit point for maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)
foramen rotundum
exit point for mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)
foramen ovale
exit point for middle meningeal artery
foramen spinosum
- unites cranial and facial bones
- articulates w/ (almost) every bone in skull
- contains ___ sinuses
sphenoid bone
attachment for falx cerebri
crista galli
forms medial wall of orbit
orbital plate of the ethmoid bone
superior portion of nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
consists of:
- superior nasal conchae
- middle nasal conchae
ethmoidal labyrinth
Which conchae/turbinate is independent of the others?
Inferior nasal conchae (or turbinate) is independent
where olfactory nerve descends along lateral borders
cribiform plate
passageway for olfactor nerve banches
cribiform foramina
part of medial wall of each orbit
lacrimal bone
passageway of nasolacrimal duct
lacrimal groove
paired bones that form the bridge of the nose
nasal bone
what forms the zygomatic arch?
- zygomatic process of temporal bone
- temporal process of zygomatic bone
forms the lateral wall of the orbit
orbital surface of the zyogmatic bone
part of vomer bone that articulates with the sphenoid bone
ala
forms in the inferior portion of the nasal septum
vertical plate of the vomer bone
part of the palatine bone which forms part of medial floor of the orbit
orbital process of the palatine bone
part of palatine bone that forms lateral wall of nasal cavity
perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
part of palatine bone that forms posterior portion of the hard palate
horizontal plate of the palatine bone
posterior portion of the hard palate
palatine process of the maxilla bone
separates the hard palate from the anterior nasal spine
incisive foramen of the maxilla bone
holds teeth of the upper jaw
alveolar process of the maxilla bone
largest paranasal sinus in the skull
maxillary sinus of the maxilla bone
Which conchae/turbinates are part of the ethmoid bone?
superior and middle concha/turbinates
[*inferior concha is considered its own separate bone]
7 bones of the orbit
roof of the orbit:
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
medial wall
- maxilla bone
- lacrimal bone
- ethmoid bone
floor of orbit
- palatine bone
- zygomatic bone
- maxilla bone
lateral wall
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
- zygomatic bone
4 paransal sinuses
- frontal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- maxillary
Identify the fontanelles of a fetal skull.
mental eminence also refers to what
chin
parts of the anterior cranial fossa
- cribriform plate
- lesser wing of sphenoid
parts of the middle cranial fossa
- sella turcica
- foramen ovale
- petrous region of temporal bone
parts of the posterior cranial fossa
- jugular foramen
- foramen magnum
function of facial bones
- proide shape, contour, and individuality to the face
- structural component of orbit and nasal cavities
- anchor site for teeth (upper/lower jaw)
forms the lateral wall of the orbit
orbital surface of the zygomatic bone
superior & inferior parts of the nasal septum
- superior = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
- inferior = vertical plate of vomer bone
condition when, during development, palatine bones do not fuse together therefore palatine process does not develop properly
cleft palate (or cleft lip if lip/maxilla is involved)
lateral structures of the maxilla
Le Fort Fractures
- Le Fort I: fx through maxillary floor
- Le Fort II: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & portion of upper face and floor
- Le Fort III: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & larger portion of upper face and floor
lateral structures of the mandible
Identify the different foramen.
