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Neuroendocrine > 4. Skull (Lecture) > Flashcards

4. Skull (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

number of bones in skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

parts of axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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3
Q

number of cranial bones

A

8 (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

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4
Q

paired cranial bones

A

parietal and temporal

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5
Q

unpaired cranal bones

A

frontal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

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6
Q

number of facial bones

A

14

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7
Q

paired facial bones

A
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • nasal
  • palatine
  • maxillae
  • inferior nasal conchae
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8
Q

unpaired facial bones

A

vomer and mandible

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9
Q

characteristis of human skull: vertebrate characteristics

A
  • encephalizaton
  • skeletal protection of brain w/ bone
  • formation of skull from dermal, cartilaginous, and branchial elements
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10
Q

characteristis of human skull: mammalian characteristics

A
  • expansion of lateral fenestra
  • expansionof braincase
  • transfer of muscle origins to side of braincase
  • secondary palate
  • mandible reduced to single paired bone (dentary)
  • 3 ossicles in middle ear
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11
Q

characteristis of human skull: primate characteristics

A
  • orbital convergence
  • postorbital bar
  • shortening of face
  • flexion of face relative to basicranium
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12
Q

characteristis of human skull: arthropoid characteristics

A
  • postorbital closre
  • fusion of mandibular symphysis
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13
Q

characteristis of human skull: hominin characteristics

A
  • chewing (lateral motions of mandible)
  • expansion of brain and braincase
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14
Q

characteristis of human skull: modern human characteristics

A
  • anterior protrusion of chin
  • development of mastoid process
  • flexion of basicranium and retraction of face
  • forehead replacing supraorbital tori
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15
Q

evolutionary/developmental antecedents of skull structures in modern humans

A
  • dermatocranium
  • neurocranium
  • splanchnocranium
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16
Q

4 sutures of the skull

A
  • coronal
  • sagittal
  • lambdoid
  • squamous
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17
Q

articulation between frontal and both parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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18
Q

articulation between both parietal bones

A

sagittal

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19
Q

articulation between parietal and occipital bones

A

lambdoid

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20
Q

articulation between temporal and parietal bones

A

squamous

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21
Q

When nodding, (1) ____ articulates with the cervical vertebrae (specifically (2) _____).

A
  1. occipital condyles
  2. cervical vertebrae (“atlas”)
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22
Q

“Turkish saddle”; where the pituitary gland sits

A

sella turcica

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23
Q

exit point for maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)

A

foramen rotundum

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24
Q

exit point for mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)

A

foramen ovale

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25
Q

exit point for middle meningeal artery

A

foramen spinosum

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26
Q
  • unites cranial and facial bones
  • articulates w/ (almost) every bone in skull
  • contains ___ sinuses
A

sphenoid bone

27
Q

attachment for falx cerebri

A

crista galli

28
Q

forms medial wall of orbit

A

orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

29
Q

superior portion of nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

30
Q

consists of:

  • superior nasal conchae
  • middle nasal conchae
A

ethmoidal labyrinth

31
Q

Which conchae/turbinate is independent of the others?

A

Inferior nasal conchae (or turbinate) is independent

32
Q

where olfactory nerve descends along lateral borders

A

cribiform plate

33
Q

passageway for olfactor nerve banches

A

cribiform foramina

34
Q

part of medial wall of each orbit

A

lacrimal bone

35
Q

passageway of nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal groove

36
Q

paired bones that form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bone

37
Q

what forms the zygomatic arch?

A
  • zygomatic process of temporal bone
  • temporal process of zygomatic bone
38
Q

forms the lateral wall of the orbit

A

orbital surface of the zyogmatic bone

39
Q

part of vomer bone that articulates with the sphenoid bone

A

ala

40
Q

forms in the inferior portion of the nasal septum

A

vertical plate of the vomer bone

41
Q

part of the palatine bone which forms part of medial floor of the orbit

A

orbital process of the palatine bone

42
Q

part of palatine bone that forms lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

43
Q

part of palatine bone that forms posterior portion of the hard palate

A

horizontal plate of the palatine bone

44
Q

posterior portion of the hard palate

A

palatine process of the maxilla bone

45
Q

separates the hard palate from the anterior nasal spine

A

incisive foramen of the maxilla bone

46
Q

holds teeth of the upper jaw

A

alveolar process of the maxilla bone

47
Q

largest paranasal sinus in the skull

A

maxillary sinus of the maxilla bone

48
Q

Which conchae/turbinates are part of the ethmoid bone?

A

superior and middle concha/turbinates

[*inferior concha is considered its own separate bone]

49
Q

7 bones of the orbit

A

roof of the orbit:

  • frontal bone
  • sphenoid bone

medial wall

  • maxilla bone
  • lacrimal bone
  • ethmoid bone

floor of orbit

  • palatine bone
  • zygomatic bone
  • maxilla bone

lateral wall

  • frontal bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • zygomatic bone
50
Q

4 paransal sinuses

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • maxillary
51
Q

Identify the fontanelles of a fetal skull.

A
52
Q

mental eminence also refers to what

A

chin

53
Q

parts of the anterior cranial fossa

A
  • cribriform plate
  • lesser wing of sphenoid
54
Q

parts of the middle cranial fossa

A
  • sella turcica
  • foramen ovale
  • petrous region of temporal bone
55
Q

parts of the posterior cranial fossa

A
  • jugular foramen
  • foramen magnum
56
Q

function of facial bones

A
  • proide shape, contour, and individuality to the face
  • structural component of orbit and nasal cavities
  • anchor site for teeth (upper/lower jaw)
57
Q

forms the lateral wall of the orbit

A

orbital surface of the zygomatic bone

58
Q

superior & inferior parts of the nasal septum

A
  • superior = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
  • inferior = vertical plate of vomer bone
59
Q

condition when, during development, palatine bones do not fuse together therefore palatine process does not develop properly

A

cleft palate (or cleft lip if lip/maxilla is involved)

60
Q

lateral structures of the maxilla

A
61
Q

Le Fort Fractures

A
  1. Le Fort I: fx through maxillary floor
  2. Le Fort II: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & portion of upper face and floor
  3. Le Fort III: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & larger portion of upper face and floor
62
Q

lateral structures of the mandible

A
63
Q

Identify the different foramen.

A

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

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