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Neuroendocrine > 11. Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities > Flashcards

11. Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells; contain Goblet cells; non-ciliated basal cells (stem cells)

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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2
Q

Rich, vascular network with a complex set of capillary loops

A

Lamina propria

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3
Q

What divides the nasal cavities?

A

Nasal septum

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4
Q

Three regions of the nasal cavities

A

(1) nasal vestibule, (2) respiratory region, (3) olfactory region

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5
Q

Located just inside nostrils and is lined by skin

A

Nasal vestibule

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6
Q

Inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities and lined with respiratory mucosa

A

Respiratory region

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7
Q

Located at the apex (upper 1/3) and lined by specialized olfactory mucosa

A

Olfactory region

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8
Q

Function of the nasal cavities

A

Adjusts temperature and humidity of inspire air (enhanced by large SA of turbinates)

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9
Q

Air-filled spaces in bones of the walls of nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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10
Q

Extensions of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity and lined by respiratory epithelium

A

Paranasal sinuses

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11
Q

How do paranasal sinuses communicate with nasal cavities?

A

Narrow openings onto the respiratory mucosa (mucus produced in sinuses is swept into nasal cavities by ciliary movements)

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12
Q

Clinical importance of paranasal sinuses

A

Often subject to acute infection after viral URI; severe cases may require physical drainage

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13
Q

Cell type in nasal vestibule

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Cell type of respiratory region (posterior to vestibule)

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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15
Q

Characteristics of olfactory mucosa

A

Dramatically thicker, lacks goblet cells, thin BM

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16
Q

Cell type of olfactory mucosa

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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17
Q

Secretion of olfactory glands

A

Serous secretions that dissolve odorant molecules

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18
Q

Where are receptors for sense of smell found?

A

Olfactory mucosa

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19
Q

Describe olfactory receptor cells.

A

(1) have single dendritic process, (2) specialized non-motile cilia w/ odorant receptors, (3) ligand binding causes signals to be sent to olfactory bulb

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20
Q

Stem cells for olfactory receptor and supporting cells

A

Basal cells

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21
Q

Ciliated, columnar epithelial cells in contact with CN V

A

Brush cells

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22
Q

Proved mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells

A

Supporting/sustentacular cells

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23
Q

Label.

A
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24
Q

Label.

A

Add

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25
Lining of the oral cavity
Oral mucosa (protective mucus membrane)
26
Cell type of the oral mucosa
Stratified squamous epithelium (Varying keratinization)
27
Divisions of the oral mucosa
(1) lining, (2) mastication, (3) specialized
28
Support for the oral mucosa
Lamina propria (dense collagenous tissue)
29
What is the connective tissue composed of? (Lamina propria)
Fibroblasts, WBC, and collagen fibers
30
What is found within the papillary layer of the lamina propria?
Superficial, loose CT w/ neurovasculature
31
What is found in the dense layer of the lamina propria?
Deep, dense irregular CT w/ large amount of fibers
32
If a submucosal layer is present, what is it comprised of?
Loose CT, adipose tissue, and salivary glands
33
Where are masticatory mucosa found?
On hard palate, gingiva, and dorsal surface of tongue
34
Cell type of the masticatory mucosa
Keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
35
Masticatory mucosa is highly interdigitated with (1) ___ and (2) \_\_\_.
(1) rete ridges, (2) papillae
36
Does the masticatory mucosa have a submucosa?
Thin OR absent
37
Describe histology all appearance of (1) superficial cells of the masticatory mucosa and (2) nuclei.
(1) Superficial cells do not lose nuclei and cytoplasm does not stain intensely with eosin. (2) Nuclei are pyknotic (highly condensed) and remain until cells is exfoliated.
38
Identify this layer and its components.
**masticatory mucosa [from hard palate]**
39
(1) Where are lining mucosa found? (2) Identify components.
1. Lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, and soft palate 2. (image)
40
Components of the lining mucosa
Fewer rete ridges and connective tissue papillae; distinct submucosa
41
Cell type of the lining mucosa
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; occasionally parakeratinized
42
Three layers of the lining mucosa
(1) stratum basale - single layer on basal lamina, (2) stratum spinousum - several cells thick, (3) stratum superficiale - most superficial layer of cells
43
Add lining mucosa from soft palate
Add
44
Specialized mucosa, associated with sensation of taste, is found on \_\_\_.
Dorsal surface of tongue
45
What is the tongue?
Masticatory and specialized mucosa, composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells, covers muscular surface; contains lingual papillae and taste buds for gustation
46
Structures of keratinized epithelium with lamina propria; small elevated structures of specialized mucosa, some associated with taste buds
Lingual papilla
47
* Move food toward pharynx for swallowing * Give dorsal surface of tongue velvety texture * Shaped like fine-pointed cone * **No** taste buds
FIliform papillae
48
* Vertical ridges on lateral surface of tongue in more posterior regions * Provide taste sensation
Foliate papillae
49
* Dorsal surface of tongue * Found in lesser numbers * Provide taste sensation
Fungiform papillae
50
* 7-15 raised mushroom-shaped structures anterior to sulcus terminalis * Sunken appearance * Surrounded by trench * Hundreds of taste buds present
Circumvallate papillae
51
Barrel-shaped organs that perceive food molecules
Taste buds
52
Comprised of 30-80 spindle-shaped cells that extend from basement membrane
Taste buds
53
5 taste sensations
Sweet, salty, sour/acidic, bitter, umami
54
How many taste sensations are each taste bud concentrated on?
2/5 (but can discern all 5)
55
* Elongated cells that extend form the basal lamina of the epithelium to the taste pore * Extends a microvilli through the pore * Synapse w/ afferenr sensory neurons of CN VII, IX, or X
Neuroepithelial (sensory) cells
56
* Elongated cells that extend from basal lamina to the taste pore * Contain microvilli on their apical surface * Do **not** synapse with the nerve cells
Supporting cells
57
* Small cells located in the basal portion of taste bud, near the basal lamina * Stem cells for the 2 other cell types
Basal cells
58
Large, irregular masses of aggregated lymphoid tissue; nodules typically dispersed singly in random manner
Tonsils
59
Where are tonsils located?
Mucosa of posterior oral cavity, oropharynx, and nasopharynx
60
Function of the tonsils
Protect against inhaled or ingested substances
61
Lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Palatine tonsil
62
Deep invaginations within palatine tonsils (x10-20)
Tonsillitis crypts
63
What populates the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsils?
Lymphocytes
64
What acts as a partial capsule to the palatine tonsils?
Dense connective tissue
65
2 types of tonsils
Pharyngeal vs. lingual
66
* Single structure, posterior wall of nasopharynx * Covered with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium * Thin underlying capsule * Invaginated mucosa with shallow unfolding, but **no** crypts
Pharyngeal tonsil
67
* Positioned along base of tongue * Covered with stratified squamous epithelium * Possess germinal centers * Varying number of crypts * Lacks capsule
Lingual tonsil
68
Divisions of the teeth
Crown and root
69
Protection of the crown (tooth)
Enamel
70
Tooth socket
Alveolus
71
Where is (teeth) root embedded?
Alveolar ridge of an alveolus
72
What makes up bulk of tooth?
Dentin
73
What is found within dentin?
Central pulp chamber containing pulp
74
Cementum
Thin layer that invested root of tooth
75
Composed of calcified organic matrix similar to that of bone; contains inorganic components in its matrix (calcium hydroxyapatite crystals)
Dentin
76
Inorganic components in dentin matrix
Calcium hydroxyapatite
77
Parallell tubes that radiate to periphery of dentin
Dentin also tubules
78
Translucent substance composed of parallel enamel rods and calcium hydroxyapatite
Enamel
79
Rods in enamel are cemented together by \_\_\_\_
Interprismatic material
80
Histological appearance of dentin and enamel.
* Dentin = fine, long tubules * Enamel = prominent lines cross enamel diagonally representing incremental growth lines
81
(Dentin and enamel) Label these structures.
Add
82
Amorphous calcified tissue (calcium hydroxyapatite) into which PDL is anchored
Cementum
83
Covers dentin in the root (tooth) & thicker towards root apex
Cementum
84
* Consists of loose, mesenchyme CT; collagen fibers, fibroblasts, mesenchyme stem cells * Highly vascular, well-innervates * Provides nutrition to dentin; can form reactive dentin due to chronic injury
Pulp
85
Label these structures.
86
What does the periodontist consist of?
(1) cementum, (2) periodontal ligament, (3) alveolar bone, (4) gingiva
87
What does the periodontal ligament insert into?
Cementum and alveolar bone (lining the alveolus)
88
What is the periodontal ligament comprised of?
Collagen fibers

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

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