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Neuroendocrine > 11. Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities > Flashcards

11. Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells; contain Goblet cells; non-ciliated basal cells (stem cells)

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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2
Q

Rich, vascular network with a complex set of capillary loops

A

Lamina propria

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3
Q

What divides the nasal cavities?

A

Nasal septum

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4
Q

Three regions of the nasal cavities

A

(1) nasal vestibule, (2) respiratory region, (3) olfactory region

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5
Q

Located just inside nostrils and is lined by skin

A

Nasal vestibule

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6
Q

Inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities and lined with respiratory mucosa

A

Respiratory region

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7
Q

Located at the apex (upper 1/3) and lined by specialized olfactory mucosa

A

Olfactory region

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8
Q

Function of the nasal cavities

A

Adjusts temperature and humidity of inspire air (enhanced by large SA of turbinates)

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9
Q

Air-filled spaces in bones of the walls of nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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10
Q

Extensions of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity and lined by respiratory epithelium

A

Paranasal sinuses

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11
Q

How do paranasal sinuses communicate with nasal cavities?

A

Narrow openings onto the respiratory mucosa (mucus produced in sinuses is swept into nasal cavities by ciliary movements)

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12
Q

Clinical importance of paranasal sinuses

A

Often subject to acute infection after viral URI; severe cases may require physical drainage

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13
Q

Cell type in nasal vestibule

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Cell type of respiratory region (posterior to vestibule)

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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15
Q

Characteristics of olfactory mucosa

A

Dramatically thicker, lacks goblet cells, thin BM

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16
Q

Cell type of olfactory mucosa

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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17
Q

Secretion of olfactory glands

A

Serous secretions that dissolve odorant molecules

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18
Q

Where are receptors for sense of smell found?

A

Olfactory mucosa

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19
Q

Describe olfactory receptor cells.

A

(1) have single dendritic process, (2) specialized non-motile cilia w/ odorant receptors, (3) ligand binding causes signals to be sent to olfactory bulb

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20
Q

Stem cells for olfactory receptor and supporting cells

A

Basal cells

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21
Q

Ciliated, columnar epithelial cells in contact with CN V

A

Brush cells

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22
Q

Proved mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells

A

Supporting/sustentacular cells

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23
Q

Label.

A
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24
Q

Label.

A

Add

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25
Q

Lining of the oral cavity

A

Oral mucosa (protective mucus membrane)

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26
Q

Cell type of the oral mucosa

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (Varying keratinization)

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27
Q

Divisions of the oral mucosa

A

(1) lining, (2) mastication, (3) specialized

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28
Q

Support for the oral mucosa

A

Lamina propria (dense collagenous tissue)

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29
Q

What is the connective tissue composed of? (Lamina propria)

A

Fibroblasts, WBC, and collagen fibers

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30
Q

What is found within the papillary layer of the lamina propria?

A

Superficial, loose CT w/ neurovasculature

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31
Q

What is found in the dense layer of the lamina propria?

A

Deep, dense irregular CT w/ large amount of fibers

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32
Q

If a submucosal layer is present, what is it comprised of?

A

Loose CT, adipose tissue, and salivary glands

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33
Q

Where are masticatory mucosa found?

A

On hard palate, gingiva, and dorsal surface of tongue

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34
Q

Cell type of the masticatory mucosa

A

Keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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35
Q

Masticatory mucosa is highly interdigitated with (1) ___ and (2) ___.

A

(1) rete ridges, (2) papillae

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36
Q

Does the masticatory mucosa have a submucosa?

A

Thin OR absent

37
Q

Describe histology all appearance of (1) superficial cells of the masticatory mucosa and (2) nuclei.

A

(1) Superficial cells do not lose nuclei and cytoplasm does not stain intensely with eosin. (2) Nuclei are pyknotic (highly condensed) and remain until cells is exfoliated.

38
Q

Identify this layer and its components.

A

masticatory mucosa [from hard palate]

39
Q

(1) Where are lining mucosa found?
(2) Identify components.

A
  1. Lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, and soft palate
  2. (image)
40
Q

Components of the lining mucosa

A

Fewer rete ridges and connective tissue papillae; distinct submucosa

41
Q

Cell type of the lining mucosa

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; occasionally parakeratinized

42
Q

Three layers of the lining mucosa

A

(1) stratum basale - single layer on basal lamina, (2) stratum spinousum - several cells thick, (3) stratum superficiale - most superficial layer of cells

43
Q

Add lining mucosa from soft palate

A

Add

44
Q

Specialized mucosa, associated with sensation of taste, is found on ___.

A

Dorsal surface of tongue

45
Q

What is the tongue?

A

Masticatory and specialized mucosa, composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells, covers muscular surface; contains lingual papillae and taste buds for gustation

46
Q

Structures of keratinized epithelium with lamina propria; small elevated structures of specialized mucosa, some associated with taste buds

A

Lingual papilla

47
Q
  • Move food toward pharynx for swallowing
  • Give dorsal surface of tongue velvety texture
  • Shaped like fine-pointed cone
  • No taste buds
A

FIliform papillae

48
Q
  • Vertical ridges on lateral surface of tongue in more posterior regions
  • Provide taste sensation
A

Foliate papillae

49
Q
  • Dorsal surface of tongue
  • Found in lesser numbers
  • Provide taste sensation
A

Fungiform papillae

50
Q
  • 7-15 raised mushroom-shaped structures anterior to sulcus terminalis
  • Sunken appearance
  • Surrounded by trench
  • Hundreds of taste buds present
A

Circumvallate papillae

51
Q

Barrel-shaped organs that perceive food molecules

A

Taste buds

52
Q

Comprised of 30-80 spindle-shaped cells that extend from basement membrane

A

Taste buds

53
Q

5 taste sensations

A

Sweet, salty, sour/acidic, bitter, umami

54
Q

How many taste sensations are each taste bud concentrated on?

A

2/5 (but can discern all 5)

55
Q
  • Elongated cells that extend form the basal lamina of the epithelium to the taste pore
  • Extends a microvilli through the pore
  • Synapse w/ afferenr sensory neurons of CN VII, IX, or X
A

Neuroepithelial (sensory) cells

56
Q
  • Elongated cells that extend from basal lamina to the taste pore
  • Contain microvilli on their apical surface
  • Do not synapse with the nerve cells
A

Supporting cells

57
Q
  • Small cells located in the basal portion of taste bud, near the basal lamina
  • Stem cells for the 2 other cell types
A

Basal cells

58
Q

Large, irregular masses of aggregated lymphoid tissue; nodules typically dispersed singly in random manner

A

Tonsils

59
Q

Where are tonsils located?

A

Mucosa of posterior oral cavity, oropharynx, and nasopharynx

60
Q

Function of the tonsils

A

Protect against inhaled or ingested substances

61
Q

Lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Palatine tonsil

62
Q

Deep invaginations within palatine tonsils (x10-20)

A

Tonsillitis crypts

63
Q

What populates the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsils?

A

Lymphocytes

64
Q

What acts as a partial capsule to the palatine tonsils?

A

Dense connective tissue

65
Q

2 types of tonsils

A

Pharyngeal vs. lingual

66
Q
  • Single structure, posterior wall of nasopharynx
  • Covered with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
  • Thin underlying capsule
  • Invaginated mucosa with shallow unfolding, but no crypts
A

Pharyngeal tonsil

67
Q
  • Positioned along base of tongue
  • Covered with stratified squamous epithelium
  • Possess germinal centers
  • Varying number of crypts
  • Lacks capsule
A

Lingual tonsil

68
Q

Divisions of the teeth

A

Crown and root

69
Q

Protection of the crown (tooth)

A

Enamel

70
Q

Tooth socket

A

Alveolus

71
Q

Where is (teeth) root embedded?

A

Alveolar ridge of an alveolus

72
Q

What makes up bulk of tooth?

A

Dentin

73
Q

What is found within dentin?

A

Central pulp chamber containing pulp

74
Q

Cementum

A

Thin layer that invested root of tooth

75
Q

Composed of calcified organic matrix similar to that of bone; contains inorganic components in its matrix (calcium hydroxyapatite crystals)

A

Dentin

76
Q

Inorganic components in dentin matrix

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

77
Q

Parallell tubes that radiate to periphery of dentin

A

Dentin also tubules

78
Q

Translucent substance composed of parallel enamel rods and calcium hydroxyapatite

A

Enamel

79
Q

Rods in enamel are cemented together by ____

A

Interprismatic material

80
Q

Histological appearance of dentin and enamel.

A
  • Dentin = fine, long tubules
  • Enamel = prominent lines cross enamel diagonally representing incremental growth lines
81
Q

(Dentin and enamel) Label these structures.

A

Add

82
Q

Amorphous calcified tissue (calcium hydroxyapatite) into which PDL is anchored

A

Cementum

83
Q

Covers dentin in the root (tooth) & thicker towards root apex

A

Cementum

84
Q
  • Consists of loose, mesenchyme CT; collagen fibers, fibroblasts, mesenchyme stem cells
  • Highly vascular, well-innervates
  • Provides nutrition to dentin; can form reactive dentin due to chronic injury
A

Pulp

85
Q

Label these structures.

A
86
Q

What does the periodontist consist of?

A

(1) cementum, (2) periodontal ligament, (3) alveolar bone, (4) gingiva

87
Q

What does the periodontal ligament insert into?

A

Cementum and alveolar bone (lining the alveolus)

88
Q

What is the periodontal ligament comprised of?

A

Collagen fibers

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

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