Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroendocrine > 13. Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

13. Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q
  • derived from mesenchyme
  • gives rise to bones that enclose the brain
  • cartilaginous and membrane components
A

neurocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • derived from mesenchyme
  • gives rise to bones that comprise facial skeleton
  • cartilaginous and mebranous components
A

viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • mesenchymal origin without artilage formation
  • neurovascularization occurs
  • osteoblasts deposit osteoid (form bone and osteocytes)
A

intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • pre-existing cartilaginous model (long bones)
  • primary ossification centers appear in diaphysis
  • chondrocytes hypertrophy (matrix calcifies)
A

endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium

A
  • occipital bone
  • body of sphenoid bone
  • ethmoid bone
  • petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

membranous parts of the neurocranium

A

calvaria: frontal and parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

embrologyic origin of cartilaginous viscerocranium

A

NCC > bones and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

membranous viscerocranium

A
  • maxillary prominence
  • squamous part of temporal bone
  • maxilla
  • zygomatic bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

premature fusion of cranial structures

A

craniosyntosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • premature fusion of cranial suture: sagittal
  • long, narrow wedge shaped cranium
  • most common
A

scaphocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • premature fusion of cranial suture: entire coronal suture
  • high, tower-like cranium
A

brachycephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • premature fusion of cranial suture: one side of coronal suture
  • twisted and asymmetric
A

plagiocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

premature fusion of cranial suture: frontal (metopic) suture

A

trigonocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

derivatives of fronal nasal prominence

A

forehead & dorsum/apex of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

derivative of the lateral nasal prominence

A

alae of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

derivatives of medial nasal prominence

A

nasal septum, ethmoid bone, and cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

derivatives of maxillary prominence

A

upper cheek ad upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

derivatives of mandibular prominence

A

chin, lower lip, cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drives shape/rate of growth of the head?

A

brain development

(“brain develops rapidly - especially forebrain - which influences head shape”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. Name the facial primordia.
  2. when do they first appear?
A
  1. 5 facial primordia: 2 maxilary prominences, 2 mandibular prominences, 1 frontonasal prominence
  2. Appear during week 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the facial primordia located?

A

surrounding the stomodeum

separated from primordial pharynx by oropharyngeal membrane (ruptures around day 26)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Which is the first facial prominence to form?
  2. Describe process.
A
  1. Mandibular prominence (lower jaw and lip)
  2. Oropharngeal membrane disintegrates > merging of medial ends of mandibular prominences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

incomplete fusion of the medial ends of the mandibular prominences

A

chin dimple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. What gives rise to upper lip, maxilla, and secondary palate?
  2. Describe this process.
A
  1. Maxillary prominences
  2. Grow medially > merge laterally w/ mandibular prominences
    • Primordial lips & cheeks invaded by mesencyme from PA 2 > give rise to facial muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What gives rise to the forehead, rostral boundary of stomodeum, and nose?

A

frontonasal prominence [surrounds ventrolaterla part of forebrain]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

bilateral oval thickenings of surface ectoderm on the inferolateral portion of frontonasal prominence

A

nasal placodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

proliferation of nasal placodes cause horse-shaped elevations called ____

A

medial and lateral nasal prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

formation of the medial and lateral nasal prominences result in formation of (1) ____ which ultimately form (2) ______

A
  1. nasal pits
  2. primordial nares
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

median lateral prominence

A
  • MNP shifted towards midline w/ medial growth of maxillary prominences
  • regulated by PDGFRA
  • fusion results in formation of philtrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

intermaxillary segment

A

philtrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

lateral nasal prominence

A
  • separated from maxillary prominence by nasolacrimal groove
  • merges with maxillary prominence by end of week 6
32
Q

When does the lateral nasal prominence merge with maxillary prominence?

A

end of week 6

33
Q

Where do the auricular hillocks form?

A

six auricular hillocks form around the 1st pharyneal groove

[mandibular development > ears pushed from neck to side of head @ level of the eyes]

34
Q

signaling molecule responsible for mandibular processes and removing webbing from hands/feet

A

BMP

35
Q
A

lateral nasal prominence (forms ala of the nose)

36
Q

Does facial development occur fast or slow during fetal period?

A

slow

37
Q

Name 2 changes in proprtion and relative positions of facial components during fetal period.

A
  • nose is initially flat and mandible is underdeveloped until 14 eeks
  • as brain emerges, cranial cavity expands bilterally, orbits move from lateral to forward-facing orientation
38
Q

What can cause small appearance of the face prenatally?

A
  • rudimentary upper and lower jaws
  • un-erupted deciduous teeth
  • small nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses
39
Q

How are nasal cavities formed?

A
  • nasal placodes depress and form nasal pits
  • mesenchyme from medial.& lateral nasal prominences induces pits to become deeper > primordial nasal sacs
  • primordial nasal sacs grow dorsally and ventrally into the forebrain
  • oronasal membrane seaprates primordial nasal sacs (rupture end week 6)
40
Q

connection between nasopharynx and nasal cavity

A

primordial choanae

41
Q

superior, middle, and inferior turbinates

A

nasal conchae

42
Q

inflammation of the nasal conchae/turbinates

A

rhinitis

43
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve specialize into?

A

olfactory epithelium

44
Q
  1. Name the 3 stages of palate formation.
  2. When do the first 2 stages occur?
  3. When is the critical period for these stages?
A
  1. Primary, secondary, and final palates
  2. Between weeks 6-12
  3. Critical Period: week 6 - beginning of week 9
45
Q

events during primary palate stage

A

fusion of median nasal prominences

located between maxillary prominences

forms premaxillary part of maxilla

46
Q

events during secondary palate stage

A

develops from lateral palatine processes (palatal shelves)

mesenchymal projections extending from internal aspect of maxillary prominences

47
Q

What happens in the final palate stage?

A

bone extends from maxillae & palatine bones into the lateral palatien processes to form hard palate

posterior portions will not ossify > soft palate and uvula are formed

palatine raphe forms = line of fusion

48
Q

remnant of nasopalatine canal

A

incisive fossa

49
Q
  • downward growth of internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences
  • later fuses with lateral palatine processes (A to P)
A

nasal septum

50
Q

most common craniofacial malformation

caused by defects in fusion (unilateral or bilateral)

over 100 syndroms are associated

A

cleft lip and palate

51
Q
  • genetics: SATB2, SHH, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta3, IRF6
  • environmental: anti-epileptic drugs, smoking, binge drinking, folate deficiency, obesity
A

risk factors for cleft lip and palate

52
Q

bony abnormalities of pterygoid plates and midfacial growth abnormalities

presents: upper airway obstruction, noisy breathing, cyanosis (worse with feeding, improves with crying)

can be part of treacher-collins, CHARGE, Kallman, orVACTERL syndromes

A

choanal atresia

53
Q

2 parts of the tongue

A
  • oral: anterior 2/3
  • pharyngeal: posterior 1/3
54
Q

formation of the oral part of the tongue

A
  • median lingual swelling appears at the end of the 4th week
  • 2 lateral tongue swellings (distal tongue buds) develop on either side of median lingual swelling
    • ​induced by mesenchyme from pharyngeal arch 1
55
Q

What forms the pharyngeal part of the tongue?

A
  • copula: ventromedial parts of PA2
  • hypopharyngeal eminence: ventromedial parts of PA3/4
56
Q

Where do oral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue fuse?

A

hypopharyngeal eminence overgrows the copula @ terminal sulcus

57
Q

Where is tongue musculature derived from?

A

myoblasts of occipital myotomes (CN XII)

58
Q

Innervation of the tongue

A
59
Q

bifid tongue

A

glossoschissis

60
Q
  • short frenulum
  • can present with problems breastfeeding and speaking
A

ankyloglossia

61
Q

associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann and Down Syndromes

A

macroglossia

62
Q

What induces odontogenesis?

A

communication between NCC and oral epithelium

63
Q

U-shaped bands of oral epithelium that follow curves of primitive jaw

A

dental laminae

64
Q

Where are the tooth buds from?

A
  • anterior mandibular
  • anterior maxillary
  • posterior
65
Q

states of odontogenesis

A
  1. cap stage
  2. bell stage
  3. root evelopment
  4. eruption
66
Q

What happens during the cap stage of odontogenesis?

A

tooth bud becomes cap-shaped when invested by mesenchyme

67
Q

What does a tooth bud consist of?

A
  • enamel organ
    • ectodermal cells from dental lamina: enamel
    • outer cell layer lined by outer enamel epithelium
    • inner cell layer lines papilla lined by inner enamel epithelium
  • dental papillae
    • internal part of tooth: dentin and pulp
  • dental follicle/sac
    • mesenchyme surrounding dental papilla and enamel organ
    • cementum
68
Q

What occurs during the bell stage of odontogenesis?

A

enamel organ becomes bell shaped due to differentiation of enamel

69
Q

originate from dental papilla cells next to inner enamel epithelium

predentin calcifies to become dentin

A

odontoblasts

70
Q

inner enamel epithelium differentiates in response to dentin production

produces enamel

A

ameloblasts

71
Q

What makes up the root?

A
  • epithelial root sheath
  • pulp
  • cementum
  • periodontal ligament
72
Q

What forms epithelial root sheath?

A

fusion of inner and outer enamel epithelium

73
Q

central dental papilla

A

pulp

74
Q

inner cells of dental sac form cementoblasts

A

cementum

75
Q

outer cells of dental sac

A

periodontal ligament

76
Q

Describe tooth eruption.

A
  • occurs at different stages
  • root of tooth and crown erupt through oral epithelium
  • mandibular teeth erupt first
  • deciduous root is resorbed by odontoclasts (osteoclasts)
    • crown and upper root are shed
77
Q
  1. How many teeth does permanent dentition consist of?
  2. When do deciduous permnanet teeth appear?
  3. What happens to non-deciduous molars?
  4. When do tooth buds for permanent teeth appear?
A
  1. 32
  2. 10 weeks
  3. Develop as buds from posterior extensions of dental laminae
  4. Different times; mostly during fetal period
    • Buds for 2nd/3rd permanent molars develop after birth

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions