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Neuroendocrine > 16. Ear Anatomy and Histology > Flashcards

16. Ear Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

external ear

A

auricle to the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic membrane to oval window

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3
Q

inner ear

A

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

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4
Q

Label external ear.

A
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5
Q

external ear blood supply

A

external carotid artery

[posterior auricular a. & superficial temporal a.]

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6
Q

cellular makeup of external ear

A

cartilage covered by integument

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7
Q

external ear sensory innervation

A
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8
Q

sensation to the external ear canal

A
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9
Q

histology of the external acoustic meatus

A
  • outer 2/3: soft connective tissue & certilage
  • inner 2/3: skin and bone
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10
Q

only place in the body where skin, periosteum, and bone exist directly on top of each other

A

external acoutic meatus (external auditory canal)

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11
Q

cell type of outside layer of tympanic membrane

A

stratified squamous epthelium

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12
Q

cell type of inside layer of tympanic membrane

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

describe tympanic membrane structure

A
  • has concavity, cone-shaped oriented toward extenral acoustic meatus called umbo
  • has flaccid part and tense part
  • moves with sound and transmits to ossicles
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14
Q

Where is the middle ear (tympanic cavity) located?

A

petrous portion of temporal

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15
Q

2 parts of the middle ear

A
  • tympanic cavity proper (mesotympanum)
  • epitympanic recess (attic)
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16
Q

walls of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A
  • roof: tegmental wall and jugular wall
  • lateral: membranous wall
  • medial: labyrinthine wall
  • posterior: mastoid wall
  • anterior: carotid wall
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17
Q

prominences of the anterior wall of middle ear

A
  • lateral semicircular canal
  • facial nerve
  • labyrinth wall (promontory)
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18
Q

connects tympanic cavity (middle ear) with nasopharynx (back of the throat)

A

pharyngotympanic tube

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19
Q

cell type of pharyngotympanic tube

A

posterior lateral part (2/3) is bone but remainder (1/3) is cartilaginous

[note this is opposite of the external auditory meatus]

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20
Q

function of pharyngotympanic tube

A

equalize pressure [ear popping]

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21
Q

muscles that expend the pharyngotympanic tube

A
  • levator veli palatini m.: contracts lognitdunally which pushes against one wall
  • tensor veli palatini m.: pulls against another wall
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22
Q

Name the 3 auditory ossicles.

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes
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23
Q

bridge the tympanic membrane with the oval window of the cochlea

A

auditory ossicles

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24
Q

tensor tympani m.

[origin, insertion, innervation, action]

A
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25
Q

stapedius m.

[origin, insertion, innervation, action]

A
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26
Q
  • cavity within the petrous region of the temporal bone
  • lined w/ endosteum and is separated from membranous labyrinth by perilymph
A

bony labyrinth

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27
Q
  • made of small sacs and tubes within bony labyrinth
  • forms continuous space enclosed with epithelium
  • 2 different sections perform 2 different jobs
  • contain sensory cells
A
28
Q

2 different sections of the membranous labryinth perform 2 different jobs

A
  • cochlear duct
  • utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts
29
Q

different structures within bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

A
30
Q
A

hair cells

31
Q

spiral space w/in bone containing cochlear duct

A

cochlear canal

32
Q

divides canal into 3 parallel soft tissue-lined compartments

A

cochlea

33
Q

middle compartment of the cochlear duct

contains endolymph

lateral wall is stria vascularis (SV)

A

scala media

34
Q

lateral wall of scala media

source of endolymph

A

stria vascularis (SV)

35
Q

contains perilymph moved by stapes at oval window

continuous with scala tympani

A

scala vestibuli

36
Q

connected to round window

A

scala tympani

37
Q

on floor of scala media resting on basilar membrane

A

organ of corti

38
Q

inner spiraling bon shelf serving as support for tectorial membrane and spiral ganglia

A

cochlea

39
Q

cell types within organ of corti

A

hair cells (sensory)

inner and outer phalangeal cells (support for hair cells)

pillar cells (support between basilar membrane and tympanic lip)

40
Q
  • 2 rows of outer hair cells and 1 row of inner hair cells
  • hair cell sterocilia embedded into overlying tectorial membrane extending from spiral lamina
  • basilar membrane vibrates with sound causing deflection of stereocilia attached to tectorial membrane opeing K+ channels in hair cells
  • bipolar neuron cell bodies located in spiral ganglion within modiolus
A
41
Q

Describe function of the external ear.

A
42
Q

functions of the middle ear

A
43
Q

function of the inner ear

A
44
Q

path of sound waves within the inner ear

A
45
Q

path of sound waves within the inner ear

A
46
Q

inner ear: balance - semicircular canals and ampulla

A
47
Q

inner ear: balance - utricle and saccule

A
48
Q

hair cells and otoliths

A
49
Q

hair cells

A
50
Q
  • between bony and membranous labyrinths
  • composition like CSF
  • drains via perilymphatic duct into subarachnoid
  • originates from periosteum
A

perilymphatic space

51
Q
  • within membranous labyrinth
  • high in K+ but low in Na+
  • originates from stria vascularis
  • drains via endolymphatic duct into venous sinuses of dura mater
A

endolymphatic space

52
Q

space within the organ of Corti

A

corticolymphatic space

53
Q

What kind of cartilage is the auricle made of?

A

elastic cartilage

54
Q

How is elastic cartilage supplied with blood and nutrients?

A

perichondrium

55
Q

What happens if the perichondrium is sheared off the elastic cartilage?

A

Hematoma > necrotic cartilage

56
Q

What would necrotic cartilage result in?

A

Chondrogenesis aka new cartilage growth

57
Q

damage to tympanic membrane can be due to ____

A

medial ear pressure b/c of fluid or barotrauma or external trauma

58
Q

treatment for damage to tympanic membrane

A

most heal but need follow up with ABX (avoid Gentamicin)

59
Q

infection of mastoid cells which can spread into cranial fossa via petrosquamous cranial suture; treated with ABX

A

mastoiditis

60
Q
  • ear ache with possible fluid or pus in middle ear due to inflammation or infection
  • TM appears red and bulged
  • fluid maybe visible through membrane
  • untreated can impair hearing and scarring of auditory ossicles
A

otitis media

61
Q
A

Meniere’s syndrome

62
Q

similar symptoms to above; usually resolves within a week

A

viral labyrinthitis

63
Q
A

hearing loss

64
Q

innervation of the external ear

A
  • great auricular nerve
  • auriculotemporal nerve
65
Q

innervation of the TM

A

external surface: auriculotemporal nerve (V3) w/ small auricular branch of the vagus (CN X)

internal surface: glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

66
Q
A

Neuroendocrine (30 decks)

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