9 Group Properties Flashcards

Show how role requirements change in different situations

1
Q

with respect to group

role

Group Properties

A

A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit

Group Properties

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2
Q

with respect to group

A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit

Group Properties

A

role

Group Properties

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3
Q

Define

role perception

Group Properties

A

An idividual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation

Group Properties

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4
Q

Define

role expectations

Group Properties

A

Are the way others believe you should act in a given context

Group Properties

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5
Q

Define

An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation

Group Properties

A

role perception

Group Properties

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6
Q

Define

Are the way others believe you should act in a given context

Group Properties

A

role expectation

Group Properties

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7
Q

Fill in the blank

In the workplace, we look at role expectations through the perspective of the ____.

Group Properties

A

psychological contract

Group Properties

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8
Q

Complete the sentence

The psychological contract is an agreement that sets out

Group Properties

A

mutual expectations

Group Properties

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9
Q

Define

psychological contract

Group Properties

A

An unwritten agreement that sets out what a manager expects from an employee, and vice versa

Group Properties

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10
Q

Fill in the blank

When a psychological contract also focuses on relationships between employers and employees, employees may also be more likely to engage in ____.

Group Properties

A

organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)

Group Properties

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11
Q

Complete the sentence

One study among restaurant managers found that violations of the psychological contract were related to __(action)__.

Group Properties

A

greater intentions to quit

Group Properties

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12
Q

Fill in the blank

When compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another, the result is ____.

Group Properties

A

role conflict

Group Properties

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13
Q

Define

role conflict

Group Properties

A

A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations

Group Properties

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14
Q

Define

interrole conflict

Group Properties

A

A situation in which the expectations of an individual’s different, separate groups are in opposition

Group Properties

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15
Q

Myth or Science

Gossip and exclusion are toxic for groups

Group Properties

A

not necessarily true, but it is counterintuitive

Group Properties

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16
Q

Define

norms

Group Properties

A

Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members

Group Properties

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17
Q

Define

conformity

Group Properties

A

The adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group

Group Properties

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18
Q

True or false

Do individuals conform to the pressures of all groups to which they belong?

Group Properties

A

No, because people belong to many groups and sometimes are contradictory.

Group Properties

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19
Q

Define

reference groups

Group Properties

A

Important groupos to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whose norms individuals are likely to conform

Group Properties

20
Q

Fill in the blank

____ can cover any aspect of group behavior

Group Properties

A

norms

Group Properties

21
Q

Fill in the blank

full appreciation of the influence of norms on worker behavior did not occur until __(person)__ conducted studies between ____ and ___ (years).

Group Properties

A

Hawthorne ; 1924 [and] 1932

Group Properties

22
Q

Fill in the blank

The Hawthorne studies examined the relationship between ____ and ____.

Group Properties

A

physical environment [and] productivity

Group Properties

23
Q
A
24
Q

Complete the sentence

Research on gender-diverse groups indicates that strong PC norms increase ____.

Group Properties

A

group creativity

Group Properties

25
Q

Explain

Why does strong PC norms about gender-diverse groups increase group creativity?

Group Properties

A

Clear expectations about male-female interactions reduce uncertainty about group expectations

Group Properties

26
Q

Define

deviant workplace behavior

Group Properties

A
  • is counterproductive work behavior
  • Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members

Group Properties

27
Q

List

typology of deviant workplace behavior

Group Properties

A
  • production
  • property
  • political
  • personal aggression

Group Properties

28
Q

Define

status

Group Properties

A

A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

Group Properties

29
Q

What determines status?

Group Properties

A

Status tends to derive from one of three sources
1. The power a person wields over others
2. A person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goals
3. An individual’s personal characteristics

Group Properties

30
Q

Define

status characteristics theory

Group Properties

A

A theory stating that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groupos

Group Properties

31
Q

List

large differences in status within groups are also associated with:

Group Properties

A
  • poorer individual performance
  • lower health
  • more pronounced intentions to leave the group

Group Properties

32
Q

Fill in the blank

Groups generally form an ____ order based on ranking and command of needed resources

Group Properties

A

informal status order

Group Properties

33
Q

Define

stigmatization

Group Properties

A

The status of people with whom you are affiliated can also affect others’ views of you.

Group Properties

34
Q

Define

social loafing

Group Properties

A

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually

Group Properties

35
Q
A
36
Q

Fill in the blank

social loafing is not consistent with cultures that are ____.

Group Properties

A

collectivist

Group Properties

37
Q

Fill in the blank

social loafing is consistent with cultures that are

Group Properties

A

dominated by self-interest

Group Properties

38
Q

List

ways to prevent social loafing

Group Properties

A
  1. set group goals
  2. increase intergroup competition
  3. engage in peer evaluations
  4. select members who have high motivation
  5. base group rewards

Group Properties

39
Q

Define

cohesiveness

Group Properties

A

The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group

Group Properties

40
Q

Complete the sentence

Studies consistently show that the relationship between cohesiveness and productivity

Group Properties

A

the group’s performance-related norms

Group Properties

41
Q

Fill in the boxes

A
  1. high productivity
  2. moderate productivity
  3. moderate to low productivity
  4. low productivity
42
Q

List

methods to encourage group cohesiveness

Group Properties

A
  1. Make the group smaller
  2. Encourage agreement with group goals
  3. Increase the time members spend together
  4. Increase the group’s status and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership
  5. Stimulate competition
  6. Give rewards to the group rather than to individual members
  7. Physically isolate the group

Group Properties

43
Q

Define

diversity

Group Properties

A

The extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from one another

Group Properties

44
Q

Fill in the blank

Diversity appears to increase ____, especially in the early stages.

Group Properties

A

group conflict

Group Properties

45
Q

list

two categories of diversity

Group Properties

A
  • surface-level diversity
  • deep-level diversity

Group Properties

46
Q

Define

faultlines

Group Properties

A

The perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on idividual differences such as sex, race, age, work experience, and education

Group Properties