6 Making Judgments

Question 1

Define

selective perception

Making Judgments

Answer 1

The tendency to choose to interpret what one sees based on one’s interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

Making Judgments

Question 2

Concept

The tendency to choose to interpret what one sees based on one’s interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

Making Judgments

Answer 2

selective perception

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Question 3

Define

halo effect

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Answer 3

The tendency to draw a positive general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

Making Judgments

Question 4

Define

horns effect

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Answer 4

The tendency to draw a negative general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

Making Judgments

Question 5

Define

The tendency to draw a positive general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

Making Judgments

Answer 5

halo effect

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Question 6

Define

The tendency to draw a negative general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

Making Judgments

Answer 6

horns effect

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Question 7

Define

contrast effect

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Answer 7

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics

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Question 8

Concept

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics

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Answer 8

contrast effect

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Question 9

Define

stereotyping

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Answer 9

Judging someone based on one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs

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Question 10

Define

Judging someone based on one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs

Making Judgments

Answer 10

stereotyping

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Question 11

Fill in the blank

We deal with our complex world’s unmanageable number of stimuli by using stereotypes or shortcuts called ____ to make decisions quickly.

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Answer 11

heuristics

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Question 12

Fill in the blank

(1)___ leadership is more effective in improving support for the changes among followers when the former leader was not ___(1)_.

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Answer 12

transformational

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Question 13

complete the sentence

transformational leadership is more effective in improving support when …

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Answer 13

the former leader was not transformational

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Question 14

Complete the sentence

transformational leadership is not as effective in improving support if …

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Answer 14

the former lead was transformational

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Question 15

Define

self-fulfilling prophecy

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Answer 15

A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception

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Question 16

Concept

A situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception

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Answer 16

self-fulfilling. prophecy

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Question 17

True or False

All stereotypes are negative

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Answer 17

False

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Question 18

In regards to stereotyping

choking

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Answer 18

When we fail to perform due to the induced pressure to perform at the stereotypical level.

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Question 19

Negative effects of positive stereotyping

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Answer 19

1. Choking — failure to perform at an expected level
2. solidification of positive stereotypes reinforces negatives ones by proxy

Making Judgments