16 Organizational Culture

Question 1

Define

organizational culture

Organizational Culture

Answer 1

A system of shared meaning held by an organization’s members that distinguishes the organization from others

Organizational Culture

Question 2

List

six primary characteristics of organizational culture

Organizational Culture

Answer 2

1. adaptability
2. detail orientation
3. results/outcomes
4. people/customer orientation
5. collaboration
6. integrity

Organizational Culture

Question 3

List

four types of organizations in the common culture framework

Organizational Culture

Answer 3

1. the clan
2. the adhocracy
3. the market
4. the hierarchy

Organizational Culture

Question 4

Define

dominant culture

Organizational Culture

Answer 4

expresses the core values that a majority of members shares and that give the organization its distinct personality.

Organizational Culture

Question 5

Define

subcultures

Organizational Culture

Answer 5

minicultures within an organization, typically defined by department designations and geographical separation

Organizational Culture

Question 6

where are subcultures most prevalent?

Organizational Culture

Answer 6

large organizations

Organizational Culture

Question 7

Describe

causes of subcultures in organizations

Organizational Culture

Answer 7

a response to common problems or experiences that a group of members face in the same department or location

Organizational Culture

Question 8

Concept

If most employees have the same opinions about the organization’s mission and values, the culture is ____

Organizational Culture

Answer 8

strong

Organizational Culture

Question 9

Concept

if opinions within an organization vary widely then the culture is ____

Organizational Culture

Answer 9

weak

Organizational Culture

Question 10

Fill in the blank

when leadership and organizational values are redundant, the leaders have what effect on organizational outcomes?

Organizational Culture

Answer 10

they have less impact on organizational outcomes

Organizational Culture

Question 10

Define

organizational climate

Organizational Culture

Answer 10

The shared perceptions that organizational members have about their organization and work environment

Organizational Culture

Question 11

Describe

espoused vs enacted cultural values

Organizational Culture

Answer 11

epoused—adopted on the surface
enacted—practicing what they preach

Organizational Culture

Question 12

identify

five most prevalent ECT climate categories in an organization

Organizational Culture

Answer 12

• instrumental
• caring
• independence
• law
• code

Organizational Culture

Question 13

Fill in the blank

In an ____ ethical climate, managers may frame their decision making around the assumption that employees are motivated by self-interest (egoistic)

Organizational Culture

Answer 13

instrumental ECT

Organizational Culture

Question 14

Fill in the blank

In an ____ ethical climate, managers may operate under the expectation their decisions will have a positive effect on the greatest number of stakeholders

Organizational Culture

Answer 14

caring ECT

Organizational Culture

Question 15

State the best ECT for the environment

engineering, accounting, law firms

Organizational Culture

Answer 15

rule or code ECT

Organizational Culture

Question 16

Complete the sentence

One the major factors that signals a negative organizational culture is

Organizational Culture

Answer 16

institutionalization

Organizational Culture

Question 17

Define

institutionalization

Organizational Culture

Answer 17

A condition that occurs when an organization takes on a life of its own, apart from any of its members

Organizational Culture

Question 18

List

4 instances when organizational culture is a liability

Organizational Culture

Answer 18

• barriers to change
• barriers to diversity
• toxicity and dysfunction
• barriers to acquisitions and mergers

Organizational Culture

Question 19

List

three ways culture creation occurs

Organizational Culture

Answer 19

1. selection of employees who think and feel as they do
2. indoctrination and socialization
3. founders’ own behavior encourages employees to identify with them

Organizational Culture

Question 20

Describe

socialization process

Organizational Culture

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe

the encounter stage of the socialization process

Organizational Culture

Answer 21

where new employees see what the organization is really like

Organizational Culture

Question 22

Describe

the metamorphosis stage of the socialization process

Organizational Culture

Answer 22

where new employees change and adjust to the job, work group, and organization

Organizational Culture

Question 23

Complete the statement

the socialization process is complete when

Organizational Culture

Answer 23

new members have internalized and accepted the norms of the organization

Organizational Culture

Question 24

Define

serial socialization

Organizational Culture

Answer 24

The use of role models who train and encourage the newcomer

Organizational Culture

Question 25

Define

investiture socialization

Organizational Culture

Answer 25

assume that the newcomer’s qualities are the necessary ingredients for the job

Organizational Culture

Question 26

Define

divestiture socialization

Organizational Culture

Answer 26

tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit

Organizational Culture

Question 27

List

how culture is transmitted to employees

Organizational Culture

Answer 27

• stories — anchoring the present in the past
• rituals — repetitive sequences of activities
• material symbols — conveys who is important, the degree of egalitarianism top management desires

Organizational Culture