8.3

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

the process of copying DNA into RNA to be used for coding proteins

Question 2

central dogma

Answer 2

the process of turning genes into proteins

Question 3

what are the base pairing rules for RNA

Answer 3

A and U
C and G

Question 4

what are some similarities between RNA and DNA

Answer 4

DNA:
- deoxyribose
- T base
- double stranded
- stores information
RNA:
- ribose
- U base
- single stranded
- making proteins
BOTH:
- sugars
- bases A, G, C
- phosphate group

Question 5

enhancer

Answer 5

controls if/how much RNA is made

Question 6

promoter

Answer 6

start site of transcription, signals TFs and RNA Pol. to attach

Question 7

exons

Answer 7

sequences that will be present in mRNA

Question 8

introns

Answer 8

sequences that will be cut out

Question 9

initiation

Answer 9

transcription factors bind to promoter and attract and prepare RNA Pol. to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA

Question 10

elongation

Answer 10

RNA Pol breaks free of TFs, a protective 5’ cap is added to RNA so that the protein doesn’t get digested by DNA Pol. I, as RNA Pol. copies DNA, their proteins are used to splice out introns

Question 11

termination

Answer 11

at polyadenylation site the termination sequence is recognized and cut, a PolyA tail is added to tell when to destroy the mRNA, the longer the A tail, the longer it makes proteins, and the shorter it gets. when it runs out, the RNA molecule is destroyed so no more proteins are made with it

Question 12

what happens during the splicing process

Answer 12

the introns are spliced out of the RNA

Question 13

what happens during alternative splicing

Answer 13

• one gene can code for multiple proteins
• cuts out different sequences of introns and the different sequences of exons creates different proteins