10.3 Flashcards
meiosis
cell division to create gametes
homologous chromosomes
pairs of matching chromosomes
sister chromatids
identical copies of a single chromosome formed during DNA replication, joined together by a centromere
fertilization
fusion of male and female gametes to create a zygote
asexual reproduction
reproduction that uses mitosis, creates offspring that are genetically identical to parent
sexual reproduction
reproduction that uses meiosis to create gametes, which perform fertilization and create a zygote.
gamete
sex cell
somatic cell
cells used for growth and development or repair
haploid
one copy of each chromosome
diploid
two copies of each chromosome
synapsis
pairing of homologous chromosomes
tetrad
structure formed by two homologous chromosomes when they cross over
crossing over
switching pieces of homologous chromosomes to create genetic variation
independent assortment
the way homologous chromosomes are lined up during metaphase I, way of creating genetic variation in sexual reproduction
order of stages in meiosis
interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II
how are mitosis and meiosis different
-mitosis is used for asexual reproductionm meiosis for sexual
-meiosis divides twice
-mitosis creates identical daughter cells, meiosis creates genetically varying daughter cells
-mitosis has less genetic variation, only source is mutations, meiosis has lots of variation, sources are independent assortment, mutation, crossing over
how do sexual and asexual reproduction differ
sexual reproduction:
-more variation
-takes longer
-needs two organisms
-takes more energy and resources
asexual reproduction:
-less variation
-quicker
-only needs one parent organism
-takes less energy and resources
