80T-122 Flashcards
80T-122
What are the three levels of operation?
Level 1- IMC day/night operations
Level II- VMC day/night operations
Level III- VMC day only operations
80T-122
What are the 7 classes of facilities established to delineate those items requiring inspection and certification to support the operations intended?
Class 1- Landing Area w/ support (service and mx) facility’s for the types of aircraft certified
Class 2- Landing area with service facilities for the types of a/c certified
Class 2/a- Landing area with limited service facilities for the types of a/c certified
Class 3- Landing area for the types of a/c certified; no service facilities
Class 4- VERTREP/hover area (min hover height of 5’) for types of aircraft certified
Class 5- VERTREP/hover area (high hvr with a min of 15’authorized)for types of aircraft certified
Class 6- HIFR facility capable of delivering a min of 50 gal/min, at a psi of 20, 40’above the water
Class 6R- HIFR facility capable of delivering only 25-49 gal/min, at a psi of 20 40/ above the water
80T-122
IMC operations….
For aircraft equipped with a ___, ship’s ____ ___ ___ be operable for all shipboard launches and recoveries in IMC.
TACAn, TACAN system shall
80T-122
Chap 2
VERTREP T Line. What is its purpose?
The T line provides obstacle clearance when the aircraft for which the facility is certified hovers with its rotor hub(s) on or aft of the T line. If there are two T lines, the line with the T’s pointed at each other provide clearance for the MV 22
80T-122
Chap 2
T Ball line is used when?
It is used when the T line does not provide enough clearance for Large rotor head a/c (like MV22)
80T-122
Chap 2
VERTREP Dash LIne provides clearance when?
Only when the aircraft the ship is certified for hovers with the centerline of the aircraft aligned directly over the line. An obstacle free approach is ensured only when the approach is made along the dashed line
80T-122
Chap 2
HIFR refueling marking and when is obstacle clearance ensured
The hose pickup point is designated on the port side of the ship with a letter H. obstacle clearance is ensured when the helo for which the facility is certified hovers oriented forward and aft with the hoisting point over the H for hose pickup
80T-122
Chap 2
Rq’d lighting equipment for night/low vis operations….
All shipboard VLA lighting equipment should be operable for night/low vis operations
80T-122
Chap 2
What lighting is required for aided operations?
When conducting aided operations, all shipboard lighting required to be illuminated shall be NVD compliant
80T-122
Chap 2
What must be operable (when installed) during single-spot ship operations without a visible horizon?
HRS (horizon reference system)
80T-122
Chap 2
What are the permissible lighting equipment degradations for Unaided ops? (Verbatim)
Night unaided VMC ops may be conducted in the even of a failure of not more than one of the lighting subsystems rq’d for ship’s facility certification provided the following criteria are met:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible by the PIC in the shipboard landing/takeoff environment
- The ship’s CO and embarked air debt OIC (aircraft commander for non-embarked evolutions) concur that the failed lighting system is not critical to the scheduled mission
80T-122
Chap 2
Permissible Lighting Equip Degradations for Aided Ops (Verbatim)
Aided ops may be conducted in the event of a failure of more than one of the lighting systems rq’d for a ship’s facility cert provided all of the following criteria are met:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible thru NVDs by the HAC in the shipboard takeoff landing environ
- The Ship’s CO and embarked air det OIC (aircraft commander for non-embarked evolutions) concur that the failed lighting systems are not crit to the scheduled mission
- The following lighting subsystems remain operational and avail:
a. Overhead/Forward Structure Floodlights.
b. Deck Surface/Hangar Wash Floodlights.
c. Associated Lighting Control Panels.
80T-122
Chap 2
How many lighting control panels are on the ship?
There are 7 main lighting control panels used on air capable ships.
80T-122
Chap 2
What is the azimuth of the ship’s homing beacon as well as the intensity?
It is parallel to the horizon for at least 330 degrees. It has an intensity of 15k candles over a span of seven degrees in elevation and produces approx 90 white flashes/min
80T-122
Chap 2
Deck edge lights provide?
An outline of the obstruction free helo deck area and are installed coincident with the peripheral marking. These lights are installed such that they don’t obstruct the pilot’s view during an approach
On a air capable ship, the deck edge lights are only installed coincide with the aft perimeter marking.
80T-122
Chap 2
VERTREP approach lights are?
Bidirectional lights and are energized for either a port or starboard helo approach
80T-122
Chap 2
Overhead/FWD structure floodlights.. What filters are used on them?
The floodlights provide white,yellow, and blue floodlighting. White or yellow filters are used for unaided operations, and blue filters are used for NVD ops.
80T-122
Chap 2
HIFR hdg lights are req’d when, and what color are they?
They are required for night HIFR ops. They are red/yellow and give the pilot a visual indication of the ship’s heading and provide a height reference during in-flight refueling operations/ ALl lights are simultaneously visible to the pilot during the hose pickup and pumping phases of the HIFR operation.
80T-122
Chap 2
What is the visual acquisition range of the SGSI and what are the corresponding degrees for each color light?
The visual range is 3 miles at night under optimum environmental conditions.
The SGSI provides a single bar of green light (1.5 deg), amber (1 deg), red (6.5 deg).
We fly the amber red interphase because it allows the pilot to maintain a safe 3 deg glide path totem landing platform
80T-122
Chap 2
What is the status light for the Pilot and Ship display for Prepare to start engines? What is the meaning?
Pilot lights: Hand signal to LSE during the day, upper Anticollision on for night
Ship: Red signal in flight deck area
Meaning:Verify chocks and tie downs in place. Boots removed and stowed, Man fire extinguishers
80T-122
Chap 2
Lights and signals for Start Engines? Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal to LSE
Ship: Red signal
Meaning: Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal for starting eng. Ship not ready for flight quarters
80T-122
Chap 2
Engage Rotors Light and hand signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal (day), flash position lights (night)
Ship: Amber deck until rotors fully engaged
Meaning: Ship is ready for pilot to engage rotors. Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal for rotor engagement if immediate area clear. Ship restricted from maneuvering and winds within engagement limits. Ship not ready for flight ops
80T-122
Chap 2
Ready to Launch Lights and signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Thumbs up (day), Position lights STEADY BRIGHT (night)
Ship: Red signal in flight area
Meaning: HCO/LSO request green deck from bridge. Ship maneuvers to flight course. Pilots finish checklist
80T-122
Chap 2
Launch Lights and Signals?
Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal to remove chocks and chains
Ship: Green signal in flight deck area
Meaning: SHip is ready in all aspects for Flight Ops. Ship established on course and restricts maneuvering. Wind is within limits, authority granted to PIC to signal removal of chocks and chains. Authority to LSE/LSO to launch a/c when chains are removed.
80T-122
Chap 2
Operations Normal Report Lights and Signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Aircraft departs (day)/turn anitcollision light on or flash landing light(night)
Ship: as appropriate
Meaning: A/c systems functioning correctly. Commencing assigned mission
80T-122
Chap 2
Aircraft inbound for landing lights, signals, meaning?
Pilot: Figure 9-11 (Lost comm scenarios)
Deck: Red signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Prepare designated landing area to land aircraft. Ship not read to recover aircraft
80T-122
Chap 2
Recovery light, signals, meaning?
Pilot: None
Deck: Green signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Ship is ready in all respects to land aircraft. Wind is within recovery envelope.
80T-122
Chap 2
Preparation for shutdown lights, signals, meaning?
Pilot: Hand signals to disengage (day), flash pos lights (night)
Deck: red signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Once chocks and chains are installed, ship is free to maneuver. Pilot signals when ready to disengage, and ship obtains appropriate winds over deck.
80T-122
Chap 2
Disengage rotors signals, lights, meaning?
PIlot: None
Deck: Amber er signal until rotors stopped, then red.
Meaning: Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal to disengage rotors when area clear. Winds within disengagement envelope. Ship restricted from maneuvering until rotors have stopped.
80T-122
Chap 2
What is an LSO (Landing Safety Officer)
LSO shall be qualified in accordance with NATOPs and designated in writing by the CO of LSO’s squadron. He/she is normally a naval aviator. During RAST flight deck ops, the LSO controls flight ops with the HCO acting as a safety observer.
80T-122
Chap 6
What are the Responsibilities of the LSO? (Man, Ensure, Ensure)
- Manning the RAST control station during RAST launch and recovery and originating all transmissions tot eh bridge, CIC, HCO, Flight deck director, and helo
- Ensuring all RAST preoperational checks are completed
- Ensuring all safety precaution applicable to the ship and aircraft are enforced.
80T-122
Chap 7
WARNING: Aft and quartering seas
Aft and quartering seas reduce ship stability and may quickly and unpredictably generate large deck motions. High speed reduces freeboard and increases instability. Low freeboard ships (FFG,DDG) are particularly susceptible to hazardous deck conditions. All these conditions increase the probability of loss of aircraft or life.
80T-122
Chap 12
Aircraft emergencies fall into how many basic categories, and what are they?
- Those cases that cause an a/c to ditch/crash
- Those that require an immediate landing
- Those that require a precautionary shipboard landing
- Those that occur on deck
80T-122
Chap 12
Describe an Immediate/land asap emergency
An emergency in which the a/c is experiencing a major malfunction and must get on deck with absolutely no delay. Only those personnel essential for a safe and rapid recovery should be present on the flight deck
80T-122
Chap 12
Describe a precautionary emergency shipboard landing
An emergency in which the aircraft is experiencing a minor malfunction and the pilot desires to terminate the flight in order to troubleshoot the problem.
80T-122
Chap 12
The nature of some emergencies requires ___ and/or ___ measures
Priority, diversionary
80T-122
Chap 12
When should SAR action be executed?
SAR action should be executed when reasonable doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft.
80T-122
Chap 12
What are the 10 steps that shall be completed when an in-flight emergency or MAYDAY is declared/identified? (ART PASN BRO)
- Aircraft position- plot
- Radar contact- Maintain if possible
- Turn toward the aircraft’s last known position or crash site and proceed at best speed
- Provide aircraft with vectors to the nearest airport or air-capable ship- as rq’d
- Air distress freqs (121.5, 243.0)- monitor
- Summon qual’d pilot to CIC and/or bridge- if available
- Notify senior detachment pilot aboard- if available
- Brief and station additional lookouts- as rq’d
- Request assistance from/inform accompanying units/agencies- as rq’d
- Obtain amplifying information as to type of emergency and pilot’s intentions
80T-122
Chap 2
What are the four basic types of vla lighting?
a. VERTREP lighting equipment — Required on all ships designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 4, 5, and/or 6 helicopter operations for the flight deck areas certified only for VERTREP and HIFR.
b. Landing-configured lighting equipment — On air-capable ships, with RAST, designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 1, 2, 2A, and/or 3 helicopter operations.
c. Light Airborne Multipurpose System (LAMPS) Mk III lighting equipment — On air-capable ships, with RAST, designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 1, 2, 2A, and/or 3 helicopter operation.
d. Accessory visual aids.
80T-122
Chap 2
What are the following lights required to remain operational and available?
a. Overhead/Forward Structure Floodlights.
b. Deck Surface/Hangar Wash Floodlights.
c. Associated Lighting Control Panels.
80T-122
Chap 2
What category are the deck edge lights, and describe them
They fall under the VERTREP lighting category.
These lights are not NVD compatible and shall be secured or dimmed to an acceptable level for aided operations. When dimmed for the aided operators the unaided deck personnel may not be able to see these lights, dependent upon ambient light conditions.
80T-122
Chap 2
What category do the SGSI/AGSI fall under, and describe them
They fall under landing configured lighting equipment category
The SGSI is not NVD compliant and the lights shall be placed to minimum intensity during NVD operations.
The ASGSI is NVD compliant and can be adjusted during aided operations from 0 to 15 intensity settings, dependent upon ambient light conditions. There are two different modes for aided operations: Night IR and Night All. There are also two modes for unaided operations: Day and Night Visible.
80T-122
Chap 2
What system do the HRS bar and deck status lights fall under?
LAMPS (Light airborne multipurpose system) MKIII lighting air equipment.
80T-122
Chap 2
What are the degrees of azimuth and range for the AGSI?
Red/Green 4.5, Yellow 1, and has a 30* azimuth. When above glideslope, the AGSI will flash 1.5 times/sec, below= 3.9, on glideslope= steady
80T-122
Chap 10
What are the parameters/set ups for the Marshals on an Air Capable ship?
Pri: 150*R, 200’, 2-3DME
Secondary: 180R/210R, 200’, 2-3DME
Arrive at the IAF a 1.5 DME
80T-122
Chap 12
What is an ELVA and what does it stand for?
Emergency Low-Visibility approach. An actual ELVA to an air capable ship shall not be attempted unless the aircraft does not have enough fuel to divert to a GCA equipped airfield, or a ship equipped with a CCA
80T-122
Chap 12
When will you do a smoke light approach, and what must you have in order to do it?
This approach is used as a last resort when available equipment will not allow ELVA procedures to be used, or when the ship cannot be visually acquired using ELVA procedures.
Both the CO and the PIC (or det OIC) must have agreed to attempt the procedure. Prompt recognition of deteriorating weather conditions and visibility is critical.
80T-122
Chap 12
What considerations should be considered before attempting a smoke light approach?
- Returning the aircraft to the ship early
- Maneuvering the ship into an area of better visibility.
- Vectoring the aircraft to another ship where the visibility is better
- Vectoring the aircraft to a suitable alternate airfield.
80T-122
Chap 12
How often to ship’s personnel drop smokes on a smoke light approach?
Every 15 seconds, and they notify the PIC of how many smokes are in the water
Bridge to Bridge (Maritime 16)
Fleet TAC
- 8
277. 8
80T-122
Gloassary
What is the definition of EMCON?
Tactical restriction on RF, microwave, or acoustic transmissions
80T-122
Chap 8
What are the alert conditions?
Alert 5 —> Condition 1
Alert 15–> Condition 2
Alert 30 —> Condition 3
Alert 60–> Condition 4
80T-122
Chap 8
What is the state of the aircraft in Alert 5/Condition I?
Aircraft—>spotted for immediate flight, rotor blades spread, rq’d stores loaded, external power applied, mission equipment warmed up
Aircrew—>strapped in, preflight checks complete up to starting engines
Ship—> at flight quarters, fire party on station
Max time—> 4 hours
*Note: Alert 5 is as fatiguing as flying and should normally be used when launch is imminent
80T-122
Chap 8
Alert 15
Aircraft—> spotted for takeoff, blades spread, stores loaded.
Aircrew—>Briefed for flight, preflight inspection complete, standing by for immediate call
Ship—>at flight quarters, fire party in immediate vicinity
Time—>8 hrs
80T-122
Chap 8
Alert 30
Aircraft—> rotors may be folded, aircraft may be on deck or in hangar. Rq’d stores loaded
Aircrew—>Briefed for flight
Ship—> not at flight quarters
Time—> 18/48hrs
- Two aircraft detachments manning allows for unlimited alert 30 readiness. Daily and turnaround inspections will be required every 24 to 72 hours.
80T-122
Chap 8
ALERT 60
Aircraft—> in hangar secured for heavy weather. Minor maintenance may be performed
Aircrew—> designated and available
Ship—> not at flight quarters
80T-122
Chap 7
Safety precautions (HHH WWW DD PEA BF)
H- Helicopters shall not be launched or recovered nor shall rotors be engaged or disengaged while ship is turning.
H- Helicopters shall never be towed or pushed while rotors are engaged or while the ship is turning.
H- Helicopters shall not be ground taxied on the flight deck.
W- The waveoff and hold or stop signals are mandatory and shall be executed immediately.
W- When changing pilots or hot refueling, the aircraft shall be chocked and have tiedowns attached. Aircraft should be chocked (minimum) for passenger loading.
W- When staging deck cargo, the air officer/HCO should ensure that sufficient clear space is available for possible emergency landing. Complete staging of the flight deck is permissible, provided another ready deck is available.
D- During combined wet well/flight deck operations, aircraft shall avoid over flying landing craft at low altitude.
D- DDG 51 class ship operations within the red regions of the wave hazard plots (Figures 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3) are prohibited with personnel or aircraft on the flight deck. Commanding officer approval, informed by recommendation from an OIC, or senior aircraft commander present, when an aircraft detachment is embarked, is required prior to operations within the yellow regions of these plots when personnel or aircraft are on the flight deck. Consideration shall be given to traversing the aircraft into the hangar and removing flight deck personnel prior to operations within the red or yellow regions.
P- Personnel required to be in the area of helicopters that are disengaging rotors shall stand next to the fuselage or well outside the rotor arc.
E- Except in cases of emergency, pilots shall not disengage, stop engines, or fold rotor blades without proper signal from LSE.
A- An aircraft shall not be flown over another aircraft.
B- Because of the limited size of the landing area, aircraft shall not be loaded/unloaded while an aircraft is landing/launching on an adjacent spot.
F- For special and tactical operations, such as troop assault, Sea-Air-Land (SEAL) insertion, troop recon operations, etc., members of those parties may be waivered from wearing normal cranial and life vest protection due to their environmental/situational clothing, the brief duration of the flight, and requirement to debark quickly.
80T-122
Chap 1
What is the freshwater wash down requirement for a helo.
500 gal per day if not sheltered and 100 gal per day if sheltered
80T-122
Chap 4
What is the general rule of thumb for radius of action?
As a general rule, the radius of action, all conditions being optimum, shall not exceed 45 percent of maximum range
The radius of action may be further reduced at night under electronic EMCON or IMC for those aircraft with limited internal Dead Reckoning (DR) navigation systems.
80T-122
Chap 7
What is prohibited with polar plots in the red for DDG class 51?
DDG 51 Class ship operations within the red regions of the Wave Hazard Plots, are prohibited with aircraft and/or personnel on the flight deck or aft lookout position. Consideration shall be given to traversing the aircraft into the hangar and to the removal of flight deck personnel prior to operations in these red or yellow regions.
80T-122
Chap 8
Post deployment fly-off policy
Post-deployment “fly-offs” have statistically proven to be more hazardous because of the psychological factors involved and, therefore, normally should not be conducted at night or under instrument flight conditions. Fly-off distances shall not exceed 75 percent of maximum range for that particular aircraft.
80T-122
Chap 9
What are the 3 types of deck tiedowns?
Initial- This configuration is required for all aircraft prior to launch, upon recovery, immediately after an aircraft is respotted, or immediately preceding movement of an aircraft.
Permanent- This configuration is required when not at flight quarters or when an aircraft is not scheduled or expected to be launched or respotted.
Heavy weather- This configuration is required when an increase in aircraft security is required during high winds, heavy seas, or for prolonged periods of heavy maintenance.
80T-122
Chap 9
Night HIFR
When operational necessity dictates the conduct of night HIFR, the following conditions shall exist:
- A visible natural horizon as viewed by the pilot.
- Ship motion should not exceed 5° pitch and 10° roll.
- Turn on the HIFR heading lights and position the LSE with both amber wands at the helicopter control point.
- Establish radio contact with the helicopter and pass the ship’s course and speed, pitch and roll, and relative wind.
80T-122
Chap 9
What are you looking for in the fuel sample?
Aircraft shall not be refueled if fuel is not clean and bright; contains more than 2 mg/L of particulate matter; or contains more than 5 parts per million (ppm) of free water.
80T-122
Chap 9
What are common causes of turbulence?
- Stack gases/wash.
- Ship superstructures.
- Deck protrusions.
- Rotorwash caused by the takeoff and landing of adjacent rotorcraft.
80T-122
Chap 9
Can you use RADALT during EMCON
Use of the radar altimeter for night or IMC flight operations over water shall not be restricted by peacetime EMCON postures. Units directed to secure the radar altimeter by the EMCON condition set shall advise the OTC of the requirement to use radar altimeters for all night and IMC flights over water in peacetime.
80T-122
Chap 9
Where is the primary spot for loading/unloading ordnance?
The flight deck is always the preferred area for loading aircraft. Loading on the hangar deck may be authorized by the commanding officer when operational necessity dictates acceptance of the added risk of fire with fuel and explosives both in a confined area.
80T-122
Chap 9
What ordnance may Helos be hangared with?
A helicopter may be hangared in an alert condition with the torpedoes, marine markers, sonobuoys, and Cartridge-Actuated Devices (CADs) in place, but safety devices shall not be removed from launchers until the helicopter is ready for takeoff
80T-122
Chap 9
What pennant should be used during NVD VERTREP
During NVD VERTREP operations, the U.S. Navy Mk 105 pendant should be used, if possible, to minimize hover altitude and enhance visual cues for the aircrew; however, use of the Mk 92 reach pendant is authorized