80T-122 Flashcards
80T-122
What are the three levels of operation?
Level 1- IMC day/night operations
Level II- VMC day/night operations
Level III- VMC day only operations
80T-122
What are the 7 classes of facilities established to delineate those items requiring inspection and certification to support the operations intended?
Class 1- Landing Area w/ support (service and mx) facility’s for the types of aircraft certified
Class 2- Landing area with service facilities for the types of a/c certified
Class 2/a- Landing area with limited service facilities for the types of a/c certified
Class 3- Landing area for the types of a/c certified; no service facilities
Class 4- VERTREP/hover area (min hover height of 5’) for types of aircraft certified
Class 5- VERTREP/hover area (high hvr with a min of 15’authorized)for types of aircraft certified
Class 6- HIFR facility capable of delivering a min of 50 gal/min, at a psi of 20, 40’above the water
Class 6R- HIFR facility capable of delivering only 25-49 gal/min, at a psi of 20 40/ above the water
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IMC operations….
For aircraft equipped with a ___, ship’s ____ ___ ___ be operable for all shipboard launches and recoveries in IMC.
TACAn, TACAN system shall
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Chap 2
VERTREP T Line. What is its purpose?
The T line provides obstacle clearance when the aircraft for which the facility is certified hovers with its rotor hub(s) on or aft of the T line. If there are two T lines, the line with the T’s pointed at each other provide clearance for the MV 22
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Chap 2
T Ball line is used when?
It is used when the T line does not provide enough clearance for Large rotor head a/c (like MV22)
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Chap 2
VERTREP Dash LIne provides clearance when?
Only when the aircraft the ship is certified for hovers with the centerline of the aircraft aligned directly over the line. An obstacle free approach is ensured only when the approach is made along the dashed line
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Chap 2
HIFR refueling marking and when is obstacle clearance ensured
The hose pickup point is designated on the port side of the ship with a letter H. obstacle clearance is ensured when the helo for which the facility is certified hovers oriented forward and aft with the hoisting point over the H for hose pickup
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Chap 2
Rq’d lighting equipment for night/low vis operations….
All shipboard VLA lighting equipment should be operable for night/low vis operations
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Chap 2
What lighting is required for aided operations?
When conducting aided operations, all shipboard lighting required to be illuminated shall be NVD compliant
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Chap 2
What must be operable (when installed) during single-spot ship operations without a visible horizon?
HRS (horizon reference system)
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Chap 2
What are the permissible lighting equipment degradations for Unaided ops? (Verbatim)
Night unaided VMC ops may be conducted in the even of a failure of not more than one of the lighting subsystems rq’d for ship’s facility certification provided the following criteria are met:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible by the PIC in the shipboard landing/takeoff environment
- The ship’s CO and embarked air debt OIC (aircraft commander for non-embarked evolutions) concur that the failed lighting system is not critical to the scheduled mission
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Chap 2
Permissible Lighting Equip Degradations for Aided Ops (Verbatim)
Aided ops may be conducted in the event of a failure of more than one of the lighting systems rq’d for a ship’s facility cert provided all of the following criteria are met:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible thru NVDs by the HAC in the shipboard takeoff landing environ
- The Ship’s CO and embarked air det OIC (aircraft commander for non-embarked evolutions) concur that the failed lighting systems are not crit to the scheduled mission
- The following lighting subsystems remain operational and avail:
a. Overhead/Forward Structure Floodlights.
b. Deck Surface/Hangar Wash Floodlights.
c. Associated Lighting Control Panels.
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Chap 2
How many lighting control panels are on the ship?
There are 7 main lighting control panels used on air capable ships.
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Chap 2
What is the azimuth of the ship’s homing beacon as well as the intensity?
It is parallel to the horizon for at least 330 degrees. It has an intensity of 15k candles over a span of seven degrees in elevation and produces approx 90 white flashes/min
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Chap 2
Deck edge lights provide?
An outline of the obstruction free helo deck area and are installed coincident with the peripheral marking. These lights are installed such that they don’t obstruct the pilot’s view during an approach
On a air capable ship, the deck edge lights are only installed coincide with the aft perimeter marking.
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Chap 2
VERTREP approach lights are?
Bidirectional lights and are energized for either a port or starboard helo approach
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Chap 2
Overhead/FWD structure floodlights.. What filters are used on them?
The floodlights provide white,yellow, and blue floodlighting. White or yellow filters are used for unaided operations, and blue filters are used for NVD ops.
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Chap 2
HIFR hdg lights are req’d when, and what color are they?
They are required for night HIFR ops. They are red/yellow and give the pilot a visual indication of the ship’s heading and provide a height reference during in-flight refueling operations/ ALl lights are simultaneously visible to the pilot during the hose pickup and pumping phases of the HIFR operation.
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Chap 2
What is the visual acquisition range of the SGSI and what are the corresponding degrees for each color light?
The visual range is 3 miles at night under optimum environmental conditions.
The SGSI provides a single bar of green light (1.5 deg), amber (1 deg), red (6.5 deg).
We fly the amber red interphase because it allows the pilot to maintain a safe 3 deg glide path totem landing platform
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Chap 2
What is the status light for the Pilot and Ship display for Prepare to start engines? What is the meaning?
Pilot lights: Hand signal to LSE during the day, upper Anticollision on for night
Ship: Red signal in flight deck area
Meaning:Verify chocks and tie downs in place. Boots removed and stowed, Man fire extinguishers
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Chap 2
Lights and signals for Start Engines? Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal to LSE
Ship: Red signal
Meaning: Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal for starting eng. Ship not ready for flight quarters
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Chap 2
Engage Rotors Light and hand signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal (day), flash position lights (night)
Ship: Amber deck until rotors fully engaged
Meaning: Ship is ready for pilot to engage rotors. Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal for rotor engagement if immediate area clear. Ship restricted from maneuvering and winds within engagement limits. Ship not ready for flight ops
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Chap 2
Ready to Launch Lights and signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Thumbs up (day), Position lights STEADY BRIGHT (night)
Ship: Red signal in flight area
Meaning: HCO/LSO request green deck from bridge. Ship maneuvers to flight course. Pilots finish checklist
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Chap 2
Launch Lights and Signals?
Meaning?
Pilot: Hand signal to remove chocks and chains
Ship: Green signal in flight deck area
Meaning: SHip is ready in all aspects for Flight Ops. Ship established on course and restricts maneuvering. Wind is within limits, authority granted to PIC to signal removal of chocks and chains. Authority to LSE/LSO to launch a/c when chains are removed.
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Chap 2
Operations Normal Report Lights and Signals? Meaning?
Pilot: Aircraft departs (day)/turn anitcollision light on or flash landing light(night)
Ship: as appropriate
Meaning: A/c systems functioning correctly. Commencing assigned mission
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Chap 2
Aircraft inbound for landing lights, signals, meaning?
Pilot: Figure 9-11 (Lost comm scenarios)
Deck: Red signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Prepare designated landing area to land aircraft. Ship not read to recover aircraft
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Chap 2
Recovery light, signals, meaning?
Pilot: None
Deck: Green signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Ship is ready in all respects to land aircraft. Wind is within recovery envelope.
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Chap 2
Preparation for shutdown lights, signals, meaning?
Pilot: Hand signals to disengage (day), flash pos lights (night)
Deck: red signal in flight deck area
Meaning: Once chocks and chains are installed, ship is free to maneuver. Pilot signals when ready to disengage, and ship obtains appropriate winds over deck.
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Chap 2
Disengage rotors signals, lights, meaning?
PIlot: None
Deck: Amber er signal until rotors stopped, then red.
Meaning: Authority for responsible flight deck personnel to signal to disengage rotors when area clear. Winds within disengagement envelope. Ship restricted from maneuvering until rotors have stopped.
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Chap 2
What is an LSO (Landing Safety Officer)
LSO shall be qualified in accordance with NATOPs and designated in writing by the CO of LSO’s squadron. He/she is normally a naval aviator. During RAST flight deck ops, the LSO controls flight ops with the HCO acting as a safety observer.
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Chap 6
What are the Responsibilities of the LSO? (Man, Ensure, Ensure)
- Manning the RAST control station during RAST launch and recovery and originating all transmissions tot eh bridge, CIC, HCO, Flight deck director, and helo
- Ensuring all RAST preoperational checks are completed
- Ensuring all safety precaution applicable to the ship and aircraft are enforced.
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Chap 7
WARNING: Aft and quartering seas
Aft and quartering seas reduce ship stability and may quickly and unpredictably generate large deck motions. High speed reduces freeboard and increases instability. Low freeboard ships (FFG,DDG) are particularly susceptible to hazardous deck conditions. All these conditions increase the probability of loss of aircraft or life.
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Chap 12
Aircraft emergencies fall into how many basic categories, and what are they?
- Those cases that cause an a/c to ditch/crash
- Those that require an immediate landing
- Those that require a precautionary shipboard landing
- Those that occur on deck
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Chap 12
Describe an Immediate/land asap emergency
An emergency in which the a/c is experiencing a major malfunction and must get on deck with absolutely no delay. Only those personnel essential for a safe and rapid recovery should be present on the flight deck
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Chap 12
Describe a precautionary emergency shipboard landing
An emergency in which the aircraft is experiencing a minor malfunction and the pilot desires to terminate the flight in order to troubleshoot the problem.
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Chap 12
The nature of some emergencies requires ___ and/or ___ measures
Priority, diversionary
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Chap 12
When should SAR action be executed?
SAR action should be executed when reasonable doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft.
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Chap 12
What are the 10 steps that shall be completed when an in-flight emergency or MAYDAY is declared/identified? (ART PASN BRO)
- Aircraft position- plot
- Radar contact- Maintain if possible
- Turn toward the aircraft’s last known position or crash site and proceed at best speed
- Provide aircraft with vectors to the nearest airport or air-capable ship- as rq’d
- Air distress freqs (121.5, 243.0)- monitor
- Summon qual’d pilot to CIC and/or bridge- if available
- Notify senior detachment pilot aboard- if available
- Brief and station additional lookouts- as rq’d
- Request assistance from/inform accompanying units/agencies- as rq’d
- Obtain amplifying information as to type of emergency and pilot’s intentions
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Chap 2
What are the four basic types of vla lighting?
a. VERTREP lighting equipment — Required on all ships designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 4, 5, and/or 6 helicopter operations for the flight deck areas certified only for VERTREP and HIFR.
b. Landing-configured lighting equipment — On air-capable ships, with RAST, designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 1, 2, 2A, and/or 3 helicopter operations.
c. Light Airborne Multipurpose System (LAMPS) Mk III lighting equipment — On air-capable ships, with RAST, designated by CNO for Level I/II Classes 1, 2, 2A, and/or 3 helicopter operation.
d. Accessory visual aids.
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Chap 2
What are the following lights required to remain operational and available?
a. Overhead/Forward Structure Floodlights.
b. Deck Surface/Hangar Wash Floodlights.
c. Associated Lighting Control Panels.
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Chap 2
What category are the deck edge lights, and describe them
They fall under the VERTREP lighting category.
These lights are not NVD compatible and shall be secured or dimmed to an acceptable level for aided operations. When dimmed for the aided operators the unaided deck personnel may not be able to see these lights, dependent upon ambient light conditions.
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Chap 2
What category do the SGSI/AGSI fall under, and describe them
They fall under landing configured lighting equipment category
The SGSI is not NVD compliant and the lights shall be placed to minimum intensity during NVD operations.
The ASGSI is NVD compliant and can be adjusted during aided operations from 0 to 15 intensity settings, dependent upon ambient light conditions. There are two different modes for aided operations: Night IR and Night All. There are also two modes for unaided operations: Day and Night Visible.
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Chap 2
What system do the HRS bar and deck status lights fall under?
LAMPS (Light airborne multipurpose system) MKIII lighting air equipment.
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Chap 2
What are the degrees of azimuth and range for the AGSI?
Red/Green 4.5, Yellow 1, and has a 30* azimuth. When above glideslope, the AGSI will flash 1.5 times/sec, below= 3.9, on glideslope= steady
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Chap 10
What are the parameters/set ups for the Marshals on an Air Capable ship?
Pri: 150*R, 200’, 2-3DME
Secondary: 180R/210R, 200’, 2-3DME
Arrive at the IAF a 1.5 DME
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Chap 12
What is an ELVA and what does it stand for?
Emergency Low-Visibility approach. An actual ELVA to an air capable ship shall not be attempted unless the aircraft does not have enough fuel to divert to a GCA equipped airfield, or a ship equipped with a CCA
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Chap 12
When will you do a smoke light approach, and what must you have in order to do it?
This approach is used as a last resort when available equipment will not allow ELVA procedures to be used, or when the ship cannot be visually acquired using ELVA procedures.
Both the CO and the PIC (or det OIC) must have agreed to attempt the procedure. Prompt recognition of deteriorating weather conditions and visibility is critical.
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Chap 12
What considerations should be considered before attempting a smoke light approach?
- Returning the aircraft to the ship early
- Maneuvering the ship into an area of better visibility.
- Vectoring the aircraft to another ship where the visibility is better
- Vectoring the aircraft to a suitable alternate airfield.
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Chap 12
How often to ship’s personnel drop smokes on a smoke light approach?
Every 15 seconds, and they notify the PIC of how many smokes are in the water
Bridge to Bridge (Maritime 16)
Fleet TAC
- 8
277. 8
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Gloassary
What is the definition of EMCON?
Tactical restriction on RF, microwave, or acoustic transmissions
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Chap 8
What are the alert conditions?
Alert 5 —> Condition 1
Alert 15–> Condition 2
Alert 30 —> Condition 3
Alert 60–> Condition 4
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Chap 8
What is the state of the aircraft in Alert 5/Condition I?
Aircraft—>spotted for immediate flight, rotor blades spread, rq’d stores loaded, external power applied, mission equipment warmed up
Aircrew—>strapped in, preflight checks complete up to starting engines
Ship—> at flight quarters, fire party on station
Max time—> 4 hours
*Note: Alert 5 is as fatiguing as flying and should normally be used when launch is imminent
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Chap 8
Alert 15
Aircraft—> spotted for takeoff, blades spread, stores loaded.
Aircrew—>Briefed for flight, preflight inspection complete, standing by for immediate call
Ship—>at flight quarters, fire party in immediate vicinity
Time—>8 hrs
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Chap 8
Alert 30
Aircraft—> rotors may be folded, aircraft may be on deck or in hangar. Rq’d stores loaded
Aircrew—>Briefed for flight
Ship—> not at flight quarters
Time—> 18/48hrs
- Two aircraft detachments manning allows for unlimited alert 30 readiness. Daily and turnaround inspections will be required every 24 to 72 hours.
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Chap 8
ALERT 60
Aircraft—> in hangar secured for heavy weather. Minor maintenance may be performed
Aircrew—> designated and available
Ship—> not at flight quarters
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Chap 7
Safety precautions (HHH WWW DD PEA BF)
H- Helicopters shall not be launched or recovered nor shall rotors be engaged or disengaged while ship is turning.
H- Helicopters shall never be towed or pushed while rotors are engaged or while the ship is turning.
H- Helicopters shall not be ground taxied on the flight deck.
W- The waveoff and hold or stop signals are mandatory and shall be executed immediately.
W- When changing pilots or hot refueling, the aircraft shall be chocked and have tiedowns attached. Aircraft should be chocked (minimum) for passenger loading.
W- When staging deck cargo, the air officer/HCO should ensure that sufficient clear space is available for possible emergency landing. Complete staging of the flight deck is permissible, provided another ready deck is available.
D- During combined wet well/flight deck operations, aircraft shall avoid over flying landing craft at low altitude.
D- DDG 51 class ship operations within the red regions of the wave hazard plots (Figures 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3) are prohibited with personnel or aircraft on the flight deck. Commanding officer approval, informed by recommendation from an OIC, or senior aircraft commander present, when an aircraft detachment is embarked, is required prior to operations within the yellow regions of these plots when personnel or aircraft are on the flight deck. Consideration shall be given to traversing the aircraft into the hangar and removing flight deck personnel prior to operations within the red or yellow regions.
P- Personnel required to be in the area of helicopters that are disengaging rotors shall stand next to the fuselage or well outside the rotor arc.
E- Except in cases of emergency, pilots shall not disengage, stop engines, or fold rotor blades without proper signal from LSE.
A- An aircraft shall not be flown over another aircraft.
B- Because of the limited size of the landing area, aircraft shall not be loaded/unloaded while an aircraft is landing/launching on an adjacent spot.
F- For special and tactical operations, such as troop assault, Sea-Air-Land (SEAL) insertion, troop recon operations, etc., members of those parties may be waivered from wearing normal cranial and life vest protection due to their environmental/situational clothing, the brief duration of the flight, and requirement to debark quickly.
80T-122
Chap 1
What is the freshwater wash down requirement for a helo.
500 gal per day if not sheltered and 100 gal per day if sheltered
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Chap 4
What is the general rule of thumb for radius of action?
As a general rule, the radius of action, all conditions being optimum, shall not exceed 45 percent of maximum range
The radius of action may be further reduced at night under electronic EMCON or IMC for those aircraft with limited internal Dead Reckoning (DR) navigation systems.
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Chap 7
What is prohibited with polar plots in the red for DDG class 51?
DDG 51 Class ship operations within the red regions of the Wave Hazard Plots, are prohibited with aircraft and/or personnel on the flight deck or aft lookout position. Consideration shall be given to traversing the aircraft into the hangar and to the removal of flight deck personnel prior to operations in these red or yellow regions.
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Chap 8
Post deployment fly-off policy
Post-deployment “fly-offs” have statistically proven to be more hazardous because of the psychological factors involved and, therefore, normally should not be conducted at night or under instrument flight conditions. Fly-off distances shall not exceed 75 percent of maximum range for that particular aircraft.
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Chap 9
What are the 3 types of deck tiedowns?
Initial- This configuration is required for all aircraft prior to launch, upon recovery, immediately after an aircraft is respotted, or immediately preceding movement of an aircraft.
Permanent- This configuration is required when not at flight quarters or when an aircraft is not scheduled or expected to be launched or respotted.
Heavy weather- This configuration is required when an increase in aircraft security is required during high winds, heavy seas, or for prolonged periods of heavy maintenance.
80T-122
Chap 9
Night HIFR
When operational necessity dictates the conduct of night HIFR, the following conditions shall exist:
- A visible natural horizon as viewed by the pilot.
- Ship motion should not exceed 5° pitch and 10° roll.
- Turn on the HIFR heading lights and position the LSE with both amber wands at the helicopter control point.
- Establish radio contact with the helicopter and pass the ship’s course and speed, pitch and roll, and relative wind.
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Chap 9
What are you looking for in the fuel sample?
Aircraft shall not be refueled if fuel is not clean and bright; contains more than 2 mg/L of particulate matter; or contains more than 5 parts per million (ppm) of free water.
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Chap 9
What are common causes of turbulence?
- Stack gases/wash.
- Ship superstructures.
- Deck protrusions.
- Rotorwash caused by the takeoff and landing of adjacent rotorcraft.
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Chap 9
Can you use RADALT during EMCON
Use of the radar altimeter for night or IMC flight operations over water shall not be restricted by peacetime EMCON postures. Units directed to secure the radar altimeter by the EMCON condition set shall advise the OTC of the requirement to use radar altimeters for all night and IMC flights over water in peacetime.
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Chap 9
Where is the primary spot for loading/unloading ordnance?
The flight deck is always the preferred area for loading aircraft. Loading on the hangar deck may be authorized by the commanding officer when operational necessity dictates acceptance of the added risk of fire with fuel and explosives both in a confined area.
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Chap 9
What ordnance may Helos be hangared with?
A helicopter may be hangared in an alert condition with the torpedoes, marine markers, sonobuoys, and Cartridge-Actuated Devices (CADs) in place, but safety devices shall not be removed from launchers until the helicopter is ready for takeoff
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Chap 9
What pennant should be used during NVD VERTREP
During NVD VERTREP operations, the U.S. Navy Mk 105 pendant should be used, if possible, to minimize hover altitude and enhance visual cues for the aircrew; however, use of the Mk 92 reach pendant is authorized
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Chap 11
How do you transfer personnel from helo to ship?
When the helicopter is over the transfer point, the person to be transferred will be wearing the rescue strop and will be positioned at the hatch as directed by the crewman. As a hover is established, the crewman will raise the hoist slightly to take on the weight of the passenger, dampen cable oscillation, and then lower away. Flight deck personnel shall ground out the helicopter hoist cable prior to the passenger reaching the ship’s deck. The crewman will adjust the hoist so that the passenger is not dragged about when leaving the rescue strop
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Chap 11
How do you transfer personnel from ship to helo
When transferring a passenger from a ship to a helicopter, a hover will be established with the cargo door open and cable payed out 6 to 8 feet. An inflatable lifejacket, eye protection, and protective headgear shall be provided by the aircrew and should be attached to the rescue strop upon initial lowering. The passenger shall not be lifted from the deck of the ship until the lifejacket, eye protection, and protective headgear are donned.
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Chap 11
Transfer of material via the hoist. What’s the weight restriction and consideration?
Material weighing less than 30 pounds shall be transferred in a weighted bag. The bag will be furnished by the helicopter and be returned immediately after each pickup to be used for the transfer of additionalmaterial. Significant amounts of material weighing less than 30 pounds should be combined into one bag or tied together to reduce helicopter hover time.
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Chap 11
Transfer involving subs and required sea state
Transfers of personnel to and from submarines by helicopter are not a routine operation. The combination of a small moving platform, effects of the environment, and the lack of adequate pilot visual reference to the submarine creates a challenging evolution even under favorable conditions. A transfer should not be attempted in a sea state above 4.
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Chap 11
What are the transfer locations for subs
- Center of main deck (Figure 11-4 Sheet 1 of 3) (Submarine Ballistic Nuclear (SSBN) only). In this method, the submarine positions itself with the relative winds from 320 to 350° at 15 to 20 knots, and the helicopter takes position heading into the wind.
- Port sail plane/top of sail (Figure 11-4 Sheet 2) (primary method for Attack Submarine Nuclear [SSN]). In this method, the submarine positions itself with relative winds from 010 to 040° at 15 to 20 knots. The helicopter takes position on the submarine heading into the wind and conducts the transfer to either the port sail plane or the top of the sail (cockpit area).
- Starboard sail plane (Figure 11-4 Sheet 3). In this method, the submarine positions itself with relative winds from 160 to 200° at 15 to 20 knots with a minimum wind speed of 10 knots. Usually, the submarine maneuvers downwind at slow speed and the helicopter takes position off the submarine’s starboard side, maintaining station as necessary.
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Chap 11
Night transfers to subs
Night transfers shall not be attempted except in cases of operational necessity.
If a night transfer is necessary, the relative wind parameters should be the same as those used for daylight operations. The submarine shall attempt to rig lighting that will illuminate the top of the sail, sail planes, and the afterdeck. A small light should be attached to the highest point of the submarine. The helicopter may illuminate flood or hover lights to provide visual reference with the submarine.
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Chap 11
What are the optimum VERTREP winds?
Arelative head wind of 15 to 30 knots is considered ideal. The aircraft should take off, make approaches, and hover into the relative wind.
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Chap 11
When can you consider conducting VERTREP beyond visual range? (ATTN)
- Adequate communications and navigation aids exist between ships and aircraft.
- Type and number of loads (internal and external).
- Time required and time available versus operational priority of requirement.
- Aircraft NATOPS requirements for night VERTREP are met.
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Chap 11
What should you consider for carrying heavy and short loads? What are the distances associated with both?
Generally, carrying external loads for long distances (over 35 miles for heavy, high-density loads and over 25 miles for light, low-density loads) should not be considered as a standard VERTREP procedure, but rather as a capability that should be reserved for high-priority cargo that justifies the time involved
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Chap 11
What are the recommended VERTREP CVN day/night spacing and winds
700-1000yd ship spacing with optimum winds 330-030, acceptable winds 270-090
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Chap 11
What are the recommended VERTREP ACS day/night spacing and winds
Night- 300-500 yrd spacing
Day- 300-1000 yrd spacing
Optimum winds- 270-330, 030-090
Acceptable- 330-030
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Chapt 11
What are the three methods of VERTREP pickup
- METHOD I — As the helicopter hovers over the load, the hookup man raises the pendant, slips the eye over the helicopter’s hook, then clears the area by moving toward the LSE.
- METHODII—The hookup man hands the pendant to the aircrewman positioned in the open cargo access hatch and then clears the area moving toward the LSE. The aircrewman will then slip the pendant over the helicopter’s hook, ensuring that the load is secured and ready for lifting.
- METHODIII—The hook up man holds the pendant up until the aircrewman in the open cargo access hatch guides the pendant onto the helicopter’s hook. The hookup man then clears the area by moving toward the LSE.
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Chap 11
What is the minimum cargo that needs to be placed in an empty cargo net?
Do not hook an empty net to the aircraft without at least four wood or six metal pallets or an equivalent weight in the net. To do so would endanger the aircraft by allowing the net to blow into the rotors. In questionable cases, consult the pilot in command
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Chap 11
NOTE: One or more of the following conditions shall exist prior to conducting night VERTREP to appropriately certified ships:
— A natural horizon is present.
— The drop/pickup zone of the ship to be worked is clearly visible from the aircraft’s cockpit when over the drop/pickup zone of the transferring/receiving ship.
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Chap 11
What are the three major things you want/should consider for VERTREP to a sub? (Winds, LA, personnel)
The magnitude of the wind over the deck should be no greater than 20 knots. The wind azimuth may be between 0 to 90 degrees and 270 to 360 degrees relative to the submarines’ longitudinal axis as long as the helicopter heading is such that a headwind component exists. The submarine should establish the relative wind at 320 to 350 degrees relative with wind magnitude between 10 and 20 knots.
- VERTREP area (rectangular) on the main deck (aft of the sail) should be clearly outlined with a 4-inch wide, high-visibility tape. For the SSGN, the outline, rectangular in shape, should encompass missile hatches 17, 18, 19, and 20 (see Figures 11-9 and 11-10). The tape should be carried in the helicopter transfer kit aboard the submarine.
- The First Lieutenant, LSE, and transfer petty officer should position themselves just aft of the sail in clear view of the pilot. All personnel shall be in appropriate safety attire, with safety harnesses. The logistics/escape hatch should be secured during load drop and retrograde pickup.
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Chap 11
Pax transfer during cold weather ops
Personnel transfers to or from ships during cold-weather operations should be kept to a minimum as required by operational necessity. Cold-weather passenger transfers should be performed over the shortest distance possible, preferably within visual range.
Responsibility for safety (supervisory vs. direct) [7.1]
The controlling authority (CO of ship) has supervisory responsibility for the safety of the aircraft at all times
The squadron CO/det OIC and individual aircraft pilots are directly responsible for safety of aircraft and personnel
Aviation detachment personnel assigned to ACS shall not be assigned…
Additional or collateral duties
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Chap 7
Wave hazard plots are based on ______, _______ conditions. Hazard plots do not include a margin for _________.
steady speed, non-maneuvering
Wave run up
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Chap 7
DDG 51 class ship operations within the __________ of the wave hazard plots are prohibited with ____________. Commanding officer approval, informed by the recommendation from an OIC or senior aircraft commander present, when an aircraft detachment is embarked is required prior to _____________. Consideration shall be given to _____________ and ______________ prior to operations within ______________.
Red regions
Personnel or aircraft on the flight deck
Operations within the yellow regions of these plots when personnel or aircraft on the flight deck
Traversing the aircraft into the hangar and removing flight deck personnel
The red or yellow regions
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Chap 7
Flotation on the flight deck
DDG-51 class ships: all personnel on flight deck shall wear approved flotation device when nets are done
All personnel on flight deck shall wear an approved flotation device at all times between the hours of sunset and sunrise on ALL ACS
80T-122
Chap 7
Passengers shall be ______________ by a member of the flight crew or by other designated personnel.
Escorted to and from an aircraft
80T-122
Chap 7
No personnel shall walk under the rotors until ___________.
The rotors have either stopped or come to full speed.
80T-122
Chap 7
Hotel/Hotel One
When displayed close up by the helicopter ship, ship - in effect - is restricted from maneuvering until the helicopter operations are completed.
Additional longer-range planning considerations must be applied which will enable ships to safely complete flight operations potentially on a course which is not conducive to required PIM, formation requirements, or mission requirements.
80T-122
Chap 7
Ships conducting VERTREP operations shall not __________ until notifying the pilots.
Maneuver
80T-122
Chap 7
Except in extreme emergency situations and with due consideration to the safety aspects involved, the ship shall not change course while a helicopter is….. (4)
- Being launched or recovered
- Engaging or disengaging rotors
- Being traversed
- Being towed or pushed about the deck
80T-122
Chap 7
Likelihood of wave contact with the aircraft is higher when the ships are operated at speeds ________ due to the tendency of the ships to ____________.
Greater than 15 knots
“Squat” by the stern
80T-122
Chap 7
What is “squatting?” Why does it occur? What is the result?
Defy: a hydro-dynamic phenomenon which occurs when increased water flow causes pressure differentials to form near the stern, resulting in a decrease in aft fretboard as the ship accelerates
Further exacerbated by the ship’s counter-rotating, over-the-top style propellers
This effect can lower the freeboard of DDG 51 class ships by as much as six inches for every knot greater than 15 knots
80T-122
Chap 7
What type of seas are more likely to cause the ship to experience large deck motions/unpredictably hazardous conditions?
Aft quartering seas
80T-122
Chap 7
Ship operations in the yellow regions with aircraft and/or personnel on the flight deck
Require ship CO approval based on the urgency of the operational requirement and utilize deliberate/time critical ORM to mitigate risks
80T-122
Chap 7
Ship operation in the red regions of wave hazard plots present a significant risk of _____________.
Sea water impacting the engaged H-60 rotor system. Contact between an engaged rotor system and the sea can result in catastrophic rotor damage and the loss of aircrew and fight deck personnel.
80T-122
Chap 7
Yellow regions of the wave hazard plots indicate a hazard of _____________.
2 feet of water over the flight deck which may wash personnel overboard or damage the aircraft.
80T-122
Chap 7
Regardless of deck status, ______________ shall be restricted anytime an aircraft is ____________ or ____________ are present on the flight deck.
Ship maneuvers (to include speed changes)
Moved on deck
Personnel
80T-122
Chap 7
Raising/lowering aircraft onto jacks
Air det personnel shall brief bridge watchstanders on the associative hazards prior to raising/lowering the aircraft onto and off of jacks
These evolutions shall not be conducted until the bridge has granted amber deck
Once the aircraft is secured on jacks with appropriate tie downs, the ship shall return to red deck and may maneuver with caution
Same procedures for the hangar bay overhead crane
80T-122
Chap 7
Aircraft ______ be _________ (minimum) for passenger loading.
Should
Chocked
80T-122
Chap 7
When changing pilots or hot refueling, the aircraft shall be _________ and have ___________.
Chocked
Tie downs attached
80T-122
Chap 7
Aboard DDG 79 class ships, the ship wake extends above the flight deck level at speeds great than approx….
25 knots
80T-122
Chap 7
The flight deck fire party is composed of what?
Two initial response Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) hose teams and a backup
The fire party shall be comprised of ship’s company personnel providing the equipment commensurate with their responsibilities; however it may be augmented with det personnel when assigned.
80T-122
Chap 7
Integrity watch
Whenever aircraft are embarked, each det is required to provide personnel to stand the a/c integrity watch while both underway and in port whenever there are aircraft aboard and the ship is not at flight quarters or general quarters
Consists of as many personnel as req’d to ensure complete aircraft security
80T-122
Chap 7
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (CG-47 and DDG-51 class ships) + Note
Min distances
AN/SPY-1B (High Power) - 520 ft
AN/SPY-1B (Low Power) - 50 ft
AN/SPG-62 (FCS Mk 99) - 1950 ft
Note: There is no hazard to personnel on the flight deck or on top of the helicopter when positioned on the flight deck.
80T-122
Chap 12
Four basic categories of aircraft emergencies
- Cause aircraft to ditch/crash
- Req immediate landing
- Req precautionary shipboard landing
- Occur on flight deck
080T-122
Ch 9
For recoveries during day VMC, the ship must be steady on BRC with wind and ship dynamics in the appropriate envelope by the time the aircraft is at ______?
1/4 nm
080T-122
Ch 9
For recoveries at night/IMC, the ship must be steady on BRC with wind in ship dynamics in the appropriate envelope by the time the aircraft is at _____?
3 nm
080T-122
Ch 9
What are the HIFR wind restrictions?
Wind 300-360 deg relative, 10-30 kts
080T-122
Ch 9
The empty aux tank weighs…
132#
080T-122
Ch 9
Minimum personnel for movement of aircraft on the flight deck or hangar deck
-qualified FDD
-two chock/tie down personnel
-brake rider
-two safety observers (one per side)
—>(RAST equipped ships - LSO and power cable tender are required and will act as the two safety observers)
080T-122
Ch 9
Temporary stowage of the aux tank
3 options:
- Remain on handling equipment in the hangar provided space is available and the equipment is securely tied down and grounded
- Can be removed from handling equipment and secured and grounded directly to the deck
- When there is no practical way to provide adequate space on the hangar deck for stowage, the aux tank may be temporarily stowed in the double-cradle with approval from OIC and ship’s Gas-free engineer
080T-122
Ch 9
Long term sweater of the aux tank
- Air purge tank
- Utilize handling equipment or appropriate personnel to transfer the au tank to the double-cradle stowage located in the forward inboard section of the port hangar
- The helicopter in the port hangar should be traversed a sufficient distance towards the flight deck in order to clear the double cradle area for the stowage operation
080T-122
Ch 9
Night HIFR
Practice night HIFR evolutions should not be performed. When operational necessity dictates the conduct of night HIFR, the following conditions shall exist (VEST):
- A visible natural horizon as viewed by the pilot
- Ship motion should not exceed 5 deg pitch and 10 deg roll
- Turn on the HIFR heading lights and position the LSE with both amber wands at the helicopter control point
- Establish radio contact with the helicopter and pass the ship’s course and speed, pitch and roll, and relative wind
080T-122
Ch 9
Due to the increased risks, night/IMC launch and recovery operations with true winds Arafat the beam shall only be conducted with ______.
PIC concurrence
080T-122
Ch 9
Communications: Airborne aircraft shall be kept informed of _______, ________, and ________.
Deteriorating weather
Loss of radar contact
Changes in ship’s course or speed
080T-122
Ch 9
RADALT during EMCON
Use of the radar altimeter for night or IMC flight operations over water shall not be restricted by peacetime EMCON postures
080T-122
Ch 9
EMCON warning (OPWS)
An overdue aircraft, unplanned PIM change, rapidly deteriorating weather, or other safety-of-flight factor justifies violation of the prescribed peacetime EMCON condition. The ship shall be prepared to operate radar, TACAN, and radios on short notice.
08T-122
Ch 9
Describe HERO/Radiation Hazards Safety
HERO = Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
- Modern radio and radar transmitting equipment produce high-intensity radio frequency fields that can cause premature actuation of sensitive electro-explosive devices contained in ordnance systems and biological injury to personnel working in the vicinity of radiating elements
- Sparks/arcs caused by high-intensity fields are a potential source of ignition for fuel-air mixtures
08T-122
Ch 9
What are the most susceptible HERO periods and what are the effects of premature operation ?
Most susceptible: During assembly, disassembly, loading, or testing in electromagnetic fields
Effects: cuddling, loss of reliability, or, in the case of rockets and flares, ignition of the propellant illuminating
-In several electromagnetic radiation environments, there is a low but finite probability of warhead detonation. Therefore, is is necessary to positively control the ship’s electromagnetic environment during the presence, handling, or unloading of HERO susceptible ordnance
08T-122
Ch 9
Arming/rearming
If an aircraft is downed after weapons have been armed, dearming shall be completed prior to aircraft shutting down.
Arming shall be conducted only after the aircraft rotors are engaged and the aircraft is otherwise ready for launch. Tie down chains normally will be removed by arming personnel prior to leaving the rotor arc to preclude deck personnel from coming into contact with armed ordnance.
08T-122
Ch 9
Who is allowed near an aircraft that hasn’t been dearmed?
Only aviation ordnancemen and one LSE should be allowed within 30 feet until unexpended ordnance is dearmed and rendered RADHAZ safe
08T-122
Ch 9
Loading/downloading and servicing
Should be conducted as separate evolutions
CO may authorize simultaneous loading/downloading and fueling when operational commitments dictate that this extraordinary action is required
08T-122
Ch 9
Night EMCON Recovery Procedures
For use during EMCON when
- Ceiling is 500’ > highest normally prescribed DELTA
- Minimum of 3 miles visibility
- Well-defined horizon
Plan to be in the DELTA pattern prior to the scheduled recovery time. Shift to monitor PriFly when the ship is in sight. Each aircraft is responsible for maintaining horizontal clearance.
W/ in 10 nm of ship: smacks on, pos lights bright.
When cleared rot land, pilot will receive steady green ALDIS signal at the beam position in the DELTA and continue with a normal night approach.
08T-122
Ch 9
What is prohibited on a “blacked out” flight deck? (FAV TACO)
- Chocking and chaining of aircraft
- Fueling
- Ordnance (arming/dearming or uploading/downloading, including sonobuoys)
- Troop movement
- Aircrew changes (HOTSEAT)
- Aircraft movement
- Vehicle movement
08T-122
Ch 9
Simultaneous mix of NVD and non-NVD flight ops
Prohibited under normal control conditions
If required, NVD aircraft should be assigned a standoff position, flight deck lighting raised to a normal night intensity (SGSI/ASGSI on), and non-NVD aircraft recovered
080T-122
Ch 10
Control zones around air-capable ships
Defined as 5 nm in radius, SFC-2500’ MSL
The following limitations apply:
- CZ will not be effective in any portion of the area that extends into, under, or abuts controlled airspace of aviation ships, amphibious assault aviation ships, or airfields.
- CZ is not effective if the area lies within a s SUA (restricted area, warning area, MOA, etc) w/ out authorization of the designated controlling agency.
- Where 2+ ships are in company, only a single CZ may be established as directed by the OTC.
080T-122
Ch 10
Minimum visual operating parameters
500-1
080T-122
Ch 10
Aircraft operating less than _____ from the monitoring antenna shall be separated by a minimum of _____.
50 miles
3 miles
080T-122
Ch 10
Aircraft operating _______ or more from the monitoring antenna shall be separated by a minimum of ______.
50 miles
5 miles
080T-122
Ch 10
Helicopters shall be separated vertically from each other by ______ and from fixed-wing aircraft by _______.
500’
1000’
080T-122
Ch 10
Advisory Control
- consists of the monitoring of radar and radio channels
- shall be used where traffic density in an operating area requires a higher degree of control for safety of flight than normally required under VMC
- normally limited to VMC ops and is recommended for all ops where positive control is not required
080T-122
Ch 10
Positive Control
- radar and radio contact with aircraft
- specific assignments regarding heading and altitude are issued by the controller
- altitude separation provided by pilots maintain assigned altitude
- lateral and time separation is responsibility of the air controller
080T-122
Ch 10
When shall Positive Control be used?
- Ceiling < 500’.
- Forward flight visibility < 1 mile.
- All flight ops between 1/2 hr after sunset and 1/2 hr before sunrise except as modified by OTC or CO.
080T-122
Ch 10
IMC departure from ACS
Depart on stipulated departure course, climbing to a minimum of 300’ prior to commencing a turn
080T-122
Ch 10
Primary Marshal Appraoch
- Proceed to IAF using radar vectors, TACAN, or from holding
- Report “Commencing Approach” and secure the lower red anti collision light (night only)
- At FAF, report “Left/right seat landing” and tower replies “Cleared to land”
- Pilot continues descent to arrive at the MAP at MDA
080T-122
Ch 10
Missed Approach ACS
- Make an immediate 30 deg heading change for straight-in approaches or maintain current 30 degree offset for port/starboard approaches while climbing to 400’
- If no instructions are received prior to reaching 3 nm or within 3 minutes after executing missed approach, the pilot shall turn downwind and proceed to the desired marshal point
080T-122
Ch 10
Amphibious ship DELTA
VFR holding pattern in the vicinity of the ship
080T-122
Ch 10
Amphibious ship overhead DELTA
Left-hand racetrack pattern around the ship at 500’ MSL, oriented on the ship’s heading and flown at optimum airspeed
080T-122
Ch 10
Amphibious ship port/starboard DELTA
Left/right racetrack pattern at the altitude assigned. Downwind turn will be commenced at the amidships position
80T-122
Glossary
HERO Unsafe (5 things) (WECAD)
- Internal wiring physically exposed
- Tests are being conducted on the item that result in add’l electrical connections to the item
- EEDs/CADs having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded
- When the item is being assembled/disassembled
- Item is in a disassembled condition
**Above items may be exempted from the HERO unsafe classification if HERO tests conducted determine specific susceptibility
80T-122
Ch 7
HOTEL/HOTEL ONE
- Flag displayed by the ship conducting helicopter operations
- restricts the ship from maneuvering until helicopter operations are completed
- Symbols: ball-diamond-ball
80T-122
Ch 7
Ship squatting (in vs knots)
Squats 6 inches for every knot greater than 15 knots
80T-122
Ch 7
Wave hazard plots do not account for… (4 things)
- Wave run up on the hull
- Sea spray due to wav impact on the hull
- Wake-wave turbulence
- Rudder action
80T-122
Ch 7
Except in extreme emergency situations and with due consideration to the safety aspects involved, the ship shall not change course while a helicopter is…(4 things)
- Being launched or recovered
- Engaging or disengaging rotors
- Being traversed
- Being towed or pushed about the deck
80T-122
Ch 9
Ship Steady Course
Recovery Day VMC - ship steady on BRC by the time the aircraft is at 1/4 nm, wind and ship dynamics within appropriate envelope
Recovery Night and IMC - by the time aircraft is at 3 nm on final , wind and ship dynamics within appropriate envelope
80T-122
Ch 9
Tie downs should not press against…
Struts
Hyd lines
Tires
Any other portion of the helicopter
80T-122
Ch 9
Stowage of AUX tank (draining process)
- If the Air Det OIC or MO determines there is a significant amount of fuel remaining the aux tank, transfer fuel to main tanks using aircraft fuel transfer system or defuel
- Drain remaining fuel from the aux tank low-point
- Remove the aux tank from the aircraft with a min of 3 personnel (weighs 132#)
80T-122
Ch 9
Temporary AUX tank stowage
-can remain on handling equipment inside the hangar provided adequate space is available and the e
80T-122
Ch 9
Temporary AUX tank stowage
- can remain on handling equipment in hangar provided adequate space is available and equipment is securely tied down/grounded
- aux tank can be securely tied down/grounded directly to the deck
- when there is no practical way to provide adequate space on the hangar deck for stowage, aux tank may be temporarily stored in the double cradle with approval from Det OIC and gas-free engineer. Gas-free engineer shall affix a tag to the tank noting that it is drained but not air-purged for temp stowage
80T-122
Ch 9
AUX tank long term stowage
-Air purge
-Utilize handling equipment or appropriate personnel to transfer aux tank to double cradle for stowage (fwd inboard section of port hangar)
—> (traverse port helo sufficient distance to clear the area for stowage operation)
80T-122
Ch 9
Aircraft recovering aboard an ACS with fuel other than JP-5….
Shall notify the CO prior to recovery
80T-122
Ch 9
Minimum deck crew for HIFR
-crew leader and at least two hose handlers
80T-122
Ch 9
During landing on DDG 79 class ships, the forward sloping flight deck will contribute to the aircraft rolling forward …..
6-8 inches with the parking brake on
80T-122
Ch 9
Airborne aircraft shall be kept informed of (DLC):
Deteriorating Wx
Loss of radar contact
Changes in ship’s course and speed
80T-122
Ch 9
Reasons to violate EMCON (OUR Safety)
- Overdue aircraft
- Unplanned PIM change
- Rapidly deteriorating wx
- Other safety of flight factor
Ship shall be prepared to operate RADAR, TACAN, and radios on short notice
80T-122
Ch 9
If a WARNING placards is displayed prominently in the cockpit, mx or servicing that requires application of electrical power is limited to:
- Refueling
- Replacement and checkout of comm/nav equipment
- Engine turnup for checkout
- Flight control and hyd system checks
- Replacement and checkout of engine performance and flight instruments
122
Arming
An operation in which a weapon is changed from a safe condition to a state of readiness for initiation
122
Arming area
An area in which a weapon is armed; when forward-firing weapons are a read, an area ahead of the aircraft must be learned and maintained clear until after launch
122
An actual ELVA shall not be attempted unless ….
The aircraft does not have adequate fuel to divert to a GCA-equipped airfield or CCA-equipped aviation ship
122
ELVA missed approach point/missed approach procedure
MAP: 50’ altitude, 100 yds visibility
Missed approach: 30 deg heading change (left for starboard approaches, right for port approaches) and climb to 400’
122
Ch 9
Ordnance Staging & Priority Areas
Ordnance shall be positioned in designated areas and readily available to afford adequate time for safe aircraft loading.
Staging areas or assembled weapons shall be restricted to those areas that are:
- Convenient to jettison locations
- Accessible by at least two clear routes
- Covered but the sprinkler system and/or manned fire hoses
- Located as far as practicable from oxygen and fueling stations
- Manned and with provisions for physically securing weapons
Priority:
- Flight deck
- Hangar deck
- Vehicle storage (or other designated HERO safe assembly/disassembly area)
* Weapons in staging areas shall be on mobile trucks or skids
122
Ch 9
Heavy Wx Tiedowns per 122
- High winds
- Heavy seas
- Prolonged periods of heavy mx
122
Ch 12
During emergencies, expect ship to turn to BRC when aircraft is within ____ or _____ for night/IMC recoveries.
3 NM
4 NM
122
Ch 9
Staging Ordnance
Ordnance shall be positioned in designated areas readily available to afford adequate time for safe aircraft loading.
Areas shall be:
- Convenient to jettison locations.
- Accessible by at least 2 clear routes.
- Covered by the sprinkler system and/or manned fire hoses.
- Located as far as practicable from oxygen and fueling stations.
- Manned and with provisions for physically securing weapons.
Use the following priorities for staging areas:
1. Flight deck 2. Hangar deck 3. Vehicle storage
Staging areas are for ready service only, not for protracted stowage. Weapons in staging areas shall be on mobile trucks or skids.
122
Ch 6
The LSO shall be qualified in accordance with …
The model NATOPS and be designated in writing by the CO of the LSO’s squadron
80T-122
Ch 7
All personnel on the flight deck should wear __________ when the flight deck nets are in the down position.
Approved flotation device
80T-122
Ch 7
Flights originating aboard a ship and terminating at a shore station require what?
Filing of a written flight plan with the ship. Ships shall relay flight plans to appropriate ATC facilities in a timely manner and pilots shall confirm their flight plans with an appropriate ATC facility ashore as soon as practicable.
80T-122
Ch 9
If an aircraft is downed after weapons have been armed, dearming shall be completed …
Prior to aircraft shutting down
08T-122
Ch 10
When a suitable alternate landing platform is available, aircraft shall not…
Commence an approach to the primary landing platform if the reported or observed weather is below the minimums unless it has been determined that the aircraft has sufficient fuel to proceed to the alternate landing platform following a missed approach.
