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An Sc 464 > 7b Life Cycle Nutrition of Cats 1 > Flashcards

7b Life Cycle Nutrition of Cats 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 critical phases of growing cats during first year?

A
  1. nursing period
  2. weaning period
  3. post weaning period
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2
Q

Describe kittens at birth.

A
  • immature
  • depend on queen for food, Abs, warmth, hygiene
  • strong suckling reflex
  • will continuously cry in discomfort
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3
Q

What may happen if there is a poor queen kitten interaction?

A
  • cannibalism

- neglect

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4
Q

How do kittens regulate temp during first month?

A
  • poorly self regulate
  • body temp > room temp
  • queen maintains temp and humidity of nest box
  • hyperthermia as bad as hypothermia
  • humidity at 50%
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5
Q

Why is it difficult for kittens to regulate their own temp?

A
  • don’t have much fat reserve
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6
Q

Describe colostrum.

A
  • produced during first 24-72 hours
  • high DM
  • low lactose (3%)
  • protein and lipid levels decline from day 1-3, but rebound after day 3
  • energy content declines from day 1-3 but increases through lactation
  • passive transfer of immunoglobulins
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7
Q

When should kittens receive colostrum?

A
  • within 12 hours after birth

- 16 hours after birth, passive immunoglobulin transfer stops

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8
Q

What happens if kittens do not receive colostrum?

A
  • kittens immunologically compromised

- susceptible to infections and sepsis

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9
Q

Does queen’s milk provide enough nutrition

A

it is the optimum nutrition!!!!!

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10
Q

What could happen if kittens are fed milk replacer?

A
  • grow faster

- growing above normal growth rate may result in orthopaedic issues

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11
Q

What does cat milk contain high levels of?

A
  • arginine and taurine

- DHA reflects queen’s intake

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12
Q

What are 3 non nutritive factors of milk?

A
  • increased food digestion
  • increased neonatal development
  • increased immune protection
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13
Q

As lactation progresses, what happens to the milk?

A
  • increase in milk energy, protein, lactose, Ca and P levels
  • decrease in Cu, Fe and Mg
  • Zn remains constant
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14
Q

How many days does it take to double the birth weight of a kitten?

A

9.5

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15
Q

What is the birth weight of kittens and what should their weekly weight gain be?

A
  • birth 85-120g (<75g high mortality)

- 100g weekly weight gain

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16
Q

What is the energy requirement of nursing kittens?

A

20-25kcal/100g BW

17
Q

Why are males kittens heavier than female kittens by 6 weeks of age?

A
  • consume larger quantity of food
18
Q

How many kcal/mL does milk contain?

A

0.85-1.6

19
Q

What is the carb requirement of nursing kittens?

A
  • no carb requirement, but lactose in milk
20
Q

Why is lactase activity high during nursing, and declines quickly after weaning?

A
  • lactose is preferential energy substrate
21
Q

What would happen if you fed a kitten too much cow milk?

A
  • diarrhea, bloating, abdominal discomfort in kittens

- bacterial metabolism of lactose in large intestine

22
Q

What is the function of immunoglobulins in the gut?

A
  • prevents invasion of microbes into blood stream (translocation)
  • local immunity persists as long as kitten gets mil
  • need milk until maturation of immune system
23
Q

How and when does weaning occur?

A
  • queen starts avoiding kittens
  • kittens start eating increasing amounts of food
  • creep feed at 2.5 weeks
  • 3-4 weeks of age, complete at 6-10 weeks of age
24
Q

Is early or late weaning better?

A
  • later weaning allows for more time for immune system maturation
  • decreased kitten mortality in post weaning phase
25
Q

Why is weaning stressful for kittens?

A
  • transition to independent feeding
  • greater environmental exposure
  • no maternal antibodies = reduced immune defines
  • increased mortality in post weaning period
  • stomach small so need energy dense food
26
Q

What kind of food should you offer during weaning?

A
  • first offer moist food with water or milk replacer

- by week 6-8, learn to eat dry food

27
Q

Why is semi moist food bad?

A
  • promotes highly acidic urinary pH
  • metabolic acidosis
  • impaired bone mineralization
28
Q

How long do kittens grow?

A
  • 8weeks - 10-12 months
29
Q

What are the nutrient requirements of growing kittens?

A
  • maintenance + growth
30
Q

What is the equation for ME of growing cats after weaning?

A

ME (kcal) = ((100xBW^0.67)/MER) x 3.2 x ((e^-0.189p)-0.66)

31
Q

Describe the protein requirements of growing kittens

A
  • high at weaning and decrease gradually to adult level
  • higher requirement for sulfur amino acids than other species
  • essential amino acids: total protein ratio high for low protein levels and for very high CP levels
  • high quality protein
32
Q

Describe the fat requirement of growing kittens.

A
  • greater than adult cat
  • tolerate wide range of dietary fat (1-64%)
  • fat digestibility >90%
  • excessive fat intake predisposition to obesity
  • DHA important for neural development (9% DM based on milk composition)
33
Q

Where might a cat get DHA?

A
  • animal tissue like fish or eggs
34
Q

How does fat digestibility increase with age?

A
  • increases with age between 9-17 weeks of age

- develop ability to digest fat (pancreatic lipase and bile acids)

35
Q

Describe the Ca and P requirements of growing kittens?

A
  • Ca: 440mg/ kg BW per day

- P: 400mg/kg BW per day

36
Q

What can a Ca deficiency and P excess lead to?

A
  • nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism -> osteitis fibrosa: limping and reluctance to move -> extra Ca not recommended
37
Q

Describe the urinary pH of kittens

A
  • urinary pH less than adults cars
  • likely due to H+ released during bone formation
  • kittens fed highly acidified food grow slower
  • lower risk to develop struvite
38
Q

Describe the carb requirements of growing kittens

A
  • none known
  • adequate supply of gluconeogenic amino acids
  • can digest some starch in cereal grains
  • excessive feeding of poorly digestible carbs can cause bloating, gas and diarrhea

An Sc 464 (26 decks)

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