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An Sc 464 > 7a Nutrient Requirements of Cats > Flashcards

7a Nutrient Requirements of Cats Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of adult cats?

A
  • reach adulthood within 10-12 months
  • senior >7
  • young to middle age 1-7
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2
Q

What are some general feeding goals?

A
  • health longevity
  • quality of life
  • disease prevention
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3
Q

What are 3 things that affect water requirements?

A
  1. diet composition (DM content, protein, sodium)
  2. highly concentrated urine
  3. physiologic and environmental conditions
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4
Q

What are the 3 main ways how cats at maintenance will lose body water?

A

urine, feces, respiration

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5
Q

What is the recommended amount of water intake?

A

1mL per kcal ME

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6
Q

How do moist food affect water intake?

A
  • increases water intake and urine volume
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7
Q

What can water help prevent?

A
  • urinary problems
  • struvite
  • calcium oxalate
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8
Q

What are the 5 things that energy requirements depend on?

A
  • gender and neuter status
  • activity level
  • age
  • environment
  • breed
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9
Q

What is the thermoneutral zone of cats?

A

35-38 C

- higher than humans (18-21)

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10
Q

Dietary thermogenesis uses how much ME?

A

10%

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11
Q

How much do the body weights of cats differ?

A

2-7kg

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12
Q

What is the most accurate interspecies metabolic body weight for cats?

A

BW^0.67

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13
Q

How much can energy requirements vary in cats?

A

50%

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14
Q

What is the MER equation for lean domestic cats?

A

100 kcal ME x kg BW^0.67

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15
Q

How do these numbers compare to dogs?

A

?

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16
Q

What might be reasons for the range in exotic cats?

A
  • size difference?

- activity difference?

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17
Q

What is the BCS of an ideal cat and how is it described?

A

5

  • well proportioned
  • waist observed behind ribs
  • ribs palpable with slight fat covering
  • abdominal fat pad minimal
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18
Q

What is the range of BCS scores for adult cats?

A

1-9

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19
Q

Describe the capacity of cats for digestible carbs.

A
  • toxicity with as little as 5.6g galactose/kg
  • low adaptation of disaccharidases at brush border
  • safe upper limits of selected CHOs
  • lactase activity decreases with age
  • no known optimal starch inclusion level
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20
Q

Do cats require dietary fibre? Why?

A

no

  • short GI tract
  • no functioning cecum
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21
Q

Why is a small amount of fibre recommended?

A
  • stool bulking
  • helps things move along
  • butyrate preferential for colonocytes
  • can help reduce hairballs
22
Q

How much fibre is recommended?

A

less than or equal to 5%

23
Q

What is fibre in some cat foods used for?

A
  • weight management
24
Q

Why is meeting minimal protein requirements critical?

A
  • increased requirement for nitrogen because can’t down regulate enzymes for protein catabolism or urea cycle
25
Q

What 3 things is protein in excess catabolized for?

A
  1. energy
  2. gluconeogenesis
  3. excess energy stored as fat
26
Q

Why should protein derive from animal tissues?

A
  • need arginine and taurine

- plant protein does not have correct profile of these AAs

27
Q

Why is the endogenous urinary N excretion when fed a protein free diet in cats significantly higher than in other animals?

A
  • cats support a higher N requirement than other species
  • however, efficiency of utilization of protein is lower in cats due to lack of ability to conserve nitrogen and essential amino acids
28
Q

Describe the nitrogen balance in cats compared to other species.

A

no clear plateau as intake of protein increases

29
Q

Why are the protein recommendations for domestic cats so much lower than what feral cats actually eat?

A
  • pets consume high quality digestible protein

- feral cats ingest low quality, low bioavailability protein

30
Q

What are the functions of fat for cats?

A
  • energy source
  • fat soluble vitamins
  • palatability
31
Q

What are the 3 essential fatty acids for cats?

A
  • linoleic
  • arachidonic
  • alpha-linolenic (EPA/DHA)
32
Q

What percentage is a cat’s ability to digest fat?

A

84-99%

33
Q

What effects can occur with lipid oxidation and how can it be prevented ?

A
  • feline pansteatitis
  • yellow fat disease
  • feed high levels of vitamin E with high levels of poly unsaturated fatty acids to prevent oxidative damage
34
Q

Describe vitamin A requirement.

A
  • can’t convert beta carotene to vitamin A

- liver main storage site

35
Q

Describe vitamin D requirement.

A
  • low concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol
36
Q

How can calcium deficiency occur?

A
  • cats eating non supplemented meat (like bone meal)
37
Q

What can P excess cause?

A
  • lower urinary tract and renal disease
38
Q

What is the recommended Ca:P ratio for cats?

A

0.9-1.1 : 1

39
Q

What is the Mg requirement and why?

A

less than 1g/kg of diet

- prevent FLUTD

40
Q

What can excess Mg cause?

A
  • struvite crystals

- depends on urinary pH (occurs at high pH)

41
Q

Describe the importance of urinary pH.

A
  • increased pH related to increase in cations
  • negative cation/anion balance = acidosis
  • struvites reduced at pH < 6.5
  • metabolic acidosis <6, and risk of calcium oxalate
42
Q

What is the ideal urinary pH in cat?

A

6.2-6.4

43
Q

How can urinary pH be controlled?

A
  • free choice better than meals
44
Q

What are some behavioural, physical and metabolic changes that occur in older cats?

A
  • less active
  • decreased lean body mass
  • decreased basal metabolic rate
  • decreased digestive function, immune response, glucose tolerance, renal function
  • less adaptable to perturbations
45
Q

What nutritional modification is needed to slow down aging and why is this difficult to achieve?

A
  • decreased caloric intake
  • adequate amounts of other nutrients
  • increase in feed intake often accompanies increase in calories and nutrients
46
Q

How does water requirements change in older cats?

A
  • impaired thirst sensitivity
  • decline in renal function (incapability to concentrate urine)
  • reduced ability to thermoregulate
  • change from dry to moist food
47
Q

What do very old cats need with regards to energy requirement?

A
  • weight loss so need energy dense diet

- significant reduction in fat digestibility

48
Q

What are the protein requirements of older cats?

A
  • reduction in lean body madd

- older cats need more protein than young cats to maintain lean tissue and maintain weight

49
Q

What is the fat requirement of older cats?

A
  • risk of death increases 3 fold in obese fats

- so feed moderate to low levels of highly digestible fat

50
Q

What is the fibre requirement of cats?

A
  • constipation is common in older cats
  • fiber <5% can help
  • > 10% fibre can reduce nutrient digestibility
51
Q

What are the Ca and P requirements of older cats?

A
  • bone mass declines
  • moderate levels of Ca to maintain bone
  • reduce P since 30% of cats have kidney disease
52
Q

Describe urinary pH in older cats.

A
  • reduced ability to compensate for acid-base alterations from diet
  • food with less acidifying potential to avoid metabolic acidosis
  • safe pH 6.2-6.5

An Sc 464 (26 decks)

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