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An Sc 464 > 6b Nutritional Peculiarities of Cats > Flashcards

6b Nutritional Peculiarities of Cats Flashcards

1
Q

What are the amounts of energy substrates for cats?

A

protein > fat > carbs

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2
Q

Do cats have a carb requirement?

A

no

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3
Q

Do cats have a fiber requirement?

A

yes, for GI health

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4
Q

How do the taste receptors differ in a cat?

A
  • Tas1r2 unexpressed

- not attracted to carbs or sweeteners

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5
Q

How does pancreatic alpha-amylase activity differ in cats compared to dogs?

A
  • only 5% of those in dogs
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6
Q

How does disaccharidase activity in cats compare to those in dogs?

A
  • only 40% activity of those in dogs
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7
Q

Describe the expression of SGLT in cats.

A
  • reduced expression along crypt-villus axis

- cats cannot increase expression of this transporter when sugar eaten

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8
Q

Describe hexokinase, glucokinase and fructokinase activity in cats. (convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate)

A
  • hexokinase activity in tissues normal
  • glucokinase activity in liver minimal so cannot clear large amounts of glucose
  • lack fructokinase (fructose excreted in urine)
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9
Q

Describe how cats blood glucose changes in a carb free diet.

A
  • increases more than a carb diet
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10
Q

How do cats meet glucose requirements in a carb free diet?

A
  • rely on gluconeogenesis to sustain blood glucose
  • source of carbon skeleton: AA, propionate and glycerol
  • some amino acids can enter the Krebs cycle
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11
Q

Why do cats have a high protein requirement for maintenance?

A
  • not due to amino acid requirement

- due to high amino acid turnover (high activity of hepatic enzymes, urea cycle enzymes)

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12
Q

How high is the feline protein maintenance requirement compared to dogs?

A
  • kitties 50% higher than puppies

- adult cat 2x higher than adult dog

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13
Q

How do cats control protein metabolism?

A
  • they don’t
  • are constantly metabolizing fixed amount of protein
  • can’t decrease liver enzymes
  • muscle wasting can occur quickly
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14
Q

How do cats control the urea cycle?

A
  • cannot reduce enzymes in urea cycle so do not have nitrogen pool in the body
  • highly efficient detoxification of nitrogen wastes
  • contrast to omnivores
  • non adaptive to dietary protein levels
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15
Q

What happens with regards to the urea cycle during fasting or reduced protein intake?

A
  • urea cycle intermediates become depleted
  • with protein meal, intermediates replenish
  • key intermediate: ornithine
  • dietary precursor: arginine
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16
Q

Why do cats have an arginine requirement?

A
  • low activity of enzymes in small intestine to produce arginine from ornithine and citrulline
  • pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase
  • ornithine aminotransferase
17
Q

What happens with an arginine deficient meal is fed?

A
  • ammonia cannot be converted to urea
  • ammonia toxicity in less than an hour
  • death within 2-5 hours
    but this is rare
18
Q

Why do cats have a taurine requirement?

A
  • taurine is a beta-amino sulfonic AA
  • important for bile acid conjugation
  • essential for normal retinal, cardiac, neurologic, reproductive, immune and platelet function
  • cat liver has limited capacity to synthesize taurine
  • limited enzymes to convert methionine and cysteine to taurine
19
Q

Why do cats need taurine for bile acid conjugation?

A
  • cannot change to glycine conjugation
  • enterohepatic circulation usually occurs
  • but microbial degradation = beconjugation
  • obligate taurine loss
20
Q

Where can a cat get taurine?

A
  • abundant in animal tissues, absent in plant
21
Q

What effects does taurine deficiency have?

A
  • feline central retinal degeneration
  • reproductive failure and impaired fetal development
  • feline dilated cardiomyopathy
  • hearing loss and impaired immune function also reported
22
Q

What is the first limiting AA in cat diets formulated with natural ingredients?

A

methionine

23
Q

Cysteine can provide how much of sulfur AAs?

A

about half

- but low in vegetable based diets and must be supplemented

24
Q

Why do cats have a higher methionine/cysteine requirement than other species?

A
  • cysteine synthesis
  • limited taurine synthesis
  • high rate of methionine catabolism
  • hair synthesis
25
Q

What effects does a tyrosine deficient diet have?

A
  • redder hair coat

- needed for melanin synthesis

26
Q

What is the main form of stored energy in cats?

A
  • triglycerides

- major fat depots

27
Q

Why do cats have an arachidonic acid requirement?

A
  • high ability to digest and use fat
  • cannot synthesizer arachidonic acid from linoleic acid
  • low hepatic delta6 desaturase
  • only in fats from animal tissues
28
Q

Why do cats require niacin?

A
  • high activity of picolinic carboxylase

- cannot convert tryptophan to niacin because of competing path

29
Q

What happens with niacin deficiency?

A
  • Pellegra (4 Ds)

- diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death

30
Q

Describe pyridoxine requirement in cats.

A
  • vitamin B6
  • 4x higher than dogs
  • high pyridoxine turnover
31
Q

Describe vitamin A requirement in cats.

A
  • needed for growth, development, immune system, vision
  • cats cannot convert b-carotene to vitamin A
  • required preformed vitamin A (animal tissue)
32
Q

Describe vitamin D requirement in cats.

A
  • needed for calcium absorption, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve conductance, phosphorous homeostasis
  • have insufficient 7-dehydrocholesterol in their skin so cannot meet metabolic need for vitamin D photosynthesis
33
Q

Describe water requirement in cats.

A
  • ancestral adaptation to desert environment
  • survive on less water than dogs
  • compensate low water intake by highly concentrated urine
  • risk of crystalluria or urolithiasis
  • Feline lower urinary tract disease complex (FLUTD)
34
Q

What is the effect of feeding method on urinary pH in cats?

A
  • if meal fed, greater alkaline peak 3-6 hours after feeding

- greater risk for FLUTD

An Sc 464 (26 decks)

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