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An Sc 464 > 2a Digestive Physiology - Dog and Cat > Flashcards

2a Digestive Physiology - Dog and Cat Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the GI tract?

A
  • digestion
  • nutrient and water absorption
  • immune function
  • secretion
  • excretion
  • vitamin and mineral balance
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2
Q

What is the main difference between the gastrointestinal tract of a dog and cat?

A

length

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3
Q

What is the body length, SI and LI length of a dog?

A
  • body length: 0.75m
  • SI: 3.9m
  • LI: 0.6m
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4
Q

What is the body length, SI and LI length of a cat?

A
  • body length: 0.5m
  • SI: 1.7m
  • LI: 0.4m
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5
Q

What are the 4 structures used to increase gut capacity relative to body weight?

A
  • villi
  • microvilli
  • coils
  • folds
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6
Q

What does intestinal length influence?

A
  • retention time of food in the gut
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7
Q

What kind of diet does the dog have?

A

omnivorous

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8
Q

What kind of diet does the cat have?

A

carnivorous

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9
Q

For what macronutrients does the lowest capacity exist to digest?

A

fiber

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10
Q

What is the consequence for fermentation?

A
  • digestion of finer
  • VFA production
  • microbial protein
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11
Q

What does the smell and presence of food stimulate?

A

the salivary glands to produce saliva

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12
Q

What are the 4 pairs of salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • mandibular
  • sublingual
  • zygomatic
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13
Q

What affects the saliva amount and composition?

A

type of food ingested and its moisture content

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14
Q

What do dog and cat saliva lack?

A

salivary amylase to digest starch

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15
Q

Why is the function of saliva important?

A
  • aids in mixing of food and lubrication as many dogs and cats swallow with minimal chewing
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16
Q

What is another important function of saliva for dogs?

A
  • evaporative cooling
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17
Q

What kind of teeth do dogs have?

A
  • cutting canine teeth for ripping and tearing

- large molars and premolars can grind and chew large or tough pieces of food

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18
Q

What kind of teeth do cats have?

A
  • teeth suited for holding and killing small prey animals

- less efficient in chewing and grinding

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19
Q

What is the esophagus?

A
  • short hollow muscular tube

- uses peristalsis to move food

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20
Q

How does the cell lining of the esophagus help?

A
  • produces mucus
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21
Q

What is at the base of the stomach?

A
  • cardiac sphincter

- prevents reflux of food from stomach to lower esophagus

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22
Q

What is the stomach and its function?

A
  • a food reservoir that mixes food, regulates flow of digesta to the SI and initiates chemical digestion of protein
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23
Q

What is the point of chemical digestion in the stomach?

A

disrupt 3D structure of food (proteins)

- no digestion of carbs and fats

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24
Q

What 2 sections is the stomach divided into?

A
  • proximal and distal sections
25
Q

What is one function of the proximal stomach in dogs?

A
  • proximal expands during temporary food storage allowing dog to eat discrete meals
26
Q

What is gastric secretion influenced by?

A
  • the amount of protein in the meal, the meal volume and hormones
27
Q

What does gastric pH depend on?

A
  • varies depending on the type of meal consumed (buffering capacity of the food)
28
Q

What 4 things is gastric emptying rate controlled by?

A
  • stomach volume
  • body weight
  • water intake
  • diet type
29
Q

Do high density or smaller particles empty more slowly?

A

high density

30
Q

What is hormonal control of gastric emptying based on?

A
  • maconutrient composition and characteristics
31
Q

What is the average half emptying times for dogs?

A

72-240 min

32
Q

What is the average half emptying time for cats?

A

22-449 min

33
Q

What is the role of soluble fibre?

A
  • increases viscosity which slows flow of digesta from stomach to small intestine
34
Q

How is a cat stomach different from a dog stomach?

A
  • cat stomach less important as storage reservoir

- cat stomach simpler and smaller with smaller glandular funds

35
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A
  • chemical digestion and absorption of fat, starch, sugar and protein
  • acidic chyme stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice which increases pH of digesta
  • chyme missed with enzymes from duodenal mucosa and pancreas
  • mechanical digestion through peristalsis
  • villi increase surface area
36
Q

What are the functions of the pancreas?

A
  • exocrine: secretes inactive enzymes and bicarbonate salts into gut
  • endocrine: secrete hormones into the blood
37
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A
  • production of bile which is stored in gall bladder
  • bile released when chyme enters SI (gall bladder contracts)
  • emulsifies dietary fat and activate enzymes to aid in fat digestion
  • portal vein runs from gut to liver
38
Q

Describe the small intestinal microbiology.

A
  • dog has a simple microbial population
  • cats may have a greater amount of bacteria
  • role in preventing pathogenic microbes from colonizing
39
Q

How can transit time of digesta be measured?

A
  • indigestible markers such as chromic oxide
40
Q

How do sugar transport systems in the dog and cat differ?

A
  • cat: sugar transport systems not adaptive to varying levels of dietary carbohydrate
  • cat amylase about 5% of that in dogs
  • amino acid transporters in cat are highly adaptable
  • dog sugar transport systems are highly adaptive to dietary carbohydrates
41
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A
  • absorption of water and electrolytes

- fermentation of dietary fibre and undigested nutrients from the SI

42
Q

Does the large intestine contain villi?

A
  • no
43
Q

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum, colon, rectum
44
Q

What is excreted cecal matter made up of?

A
  • undigested food, sloughed cells, bacteria and endogenous losses
  • can change depending on type of diet
45
Q

What does bacterial fermentation produce?

A
  • SCFA, lactate, CO2 and hydrogen gas
46
Q

How is the GI tract controlled?

A
  • nutrient flow from intestine to portal vein functions to control enzymes, nutrient transporters, persitalsis
47
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of GI control?

A
  • incretins
  • pancreas (enzymes, hormones, bicarbonate)
  • nervous system
48
Q

What are incretins?

A
  • gastrointestinal hormones
49
Q

What is GIP’s cell type?

A

K

50
Q

What is GIP’s location of action?

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

51
Q

What is GIP’s primary stimulatory and inhibitory action?

A
  • stimulates: insulin secretion and synthesis

- inhibits: gastric acid secretion, gastric and small intestine mobility

52
Q

What is GIP’s stimulus for secretion?

A
  • glucose, AAs and FAs in small intestine

- somatostatin regulates release

53
Q

What is CCK’s cell type?

A

I

54
Q

What is CCK’s location of action?

A

duodenum and jejunum

55
Q

What is CCK’s primary stimulatory and inhibitory action?

A
  • stimulates: pancreatic enzyme secretion and gall bladder contraction
  • inhibits: gastric emptying and secretion and relaxes sphincter of Oddi
56
Q

What is CCK’s stimulus for secretion?

A
  • peptides, AAs and FAs in duodenum
57
Q

What is the function of taste and nutrient receptors?

A

control of intake

58
Q

What is the outcome of control of digested nutrients?

A
  • nutrient utilization and deposition
  • satiety
  • feed intake and feeding behaviour

An Sc 464 (26 decks)

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