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AP World History > Chapter 29: The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949 > Flashcards

Chapter 29: The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949 Flashcards

1
Q

What methods did Stalin use to industrialize?

A

5 Year Plans- plans introduced to industrialize the USSR rapidly

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2
Q

What was collectivization?

A

elimination of private farms, food taken to feed state, intro’d industrial life

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3
Q

What were some responses to collectivization?

A

Many peasants fought back- Ukrainian kulaks- murdered, torched crops, killed livestock

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4
Q

What was Stalin’s response to the peasants fighting back against collectivization?

A

No tolerance- Forced famine, ban on trading, loaning $, killed enemies of the revolution

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5
Q

Who were the kulaks?

A

Better off peasants

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6
Q

What happened to Stalin’s 5 Year Plan when the Nazis took Germany?

A

He changed it to emphasize heavy industry to produce metals and machines

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7
Q

Who did Stalin execute?

A

top generals, head of NKVD, millions= sentenced without trials

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8
Q

What happened during the Depression?

A

Consumers lowered purchases and businesses cut production, workers were laid off

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9
Q

What was the Smoot-Hawley tariff and what did it cause?

A

the highest import duty in US history, other countries increased tariffs as a result, which decreased world trade

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10
Q

How did the Depression spread to Europe?

A

NY banks called in loans to Germany and Austria, who stopped paying reparations to France and Britain, so F and B couldn’t repay their war loans to the US

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11
Q

Who did France and Britain make purchase their products?

A

Their colonies had to purchase them, rather than those of other countries

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12
Q

Why did nationalist leaders rise?

A

The Depression caused widespread suffering, Communism/ Russian Revolution frightened property owners

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13
Q

What places boomed while the rest of the world suffered in the Depression?

A

S. Africa- as other prices lowered, gold became more valuable, but it only benefitted a small # of mine owners
USSR- cut off from world trade

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14
Q

Who was Benito Mussolini and what did he do?

A

became leader of the Fascist Party, threatened to march on Rome if not appointed Prime Minister, gov gave in and he put Fascist party members in al lgov jobs

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15
Q

Why did Hitler hate Jews?

A

He blamed them for Germany’s defeat

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16
Q

What were Hitler’s goals?

A

repeal Treaty of Versailles, annex all German- speaking territories, conquer room to live @ expense of Poland and USSR, eliminate Jews

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17
Q

What was Hitler’s main goal for Germany?

A

conquest- built up armed forces, withdrew from LoN, intro’d conscription and military

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18
Q

What happened at the Munich Conference?

A

France, Britain, and Italy gave Hitler Sudetenland without consent of Czechoslovakia in return for promise that he would cease expansionist activities - appeasement

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19
Q

Why did conservatives fear Stalin but not Hitler?

A

Hitler claimed to respect Christianity and private property

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20
Q

What caused appeasement?

A
  • fear of war among ppl who lived through WWi
  • fear of Communism
  • novelty of fascist tactics- assumed political leaders were honorable and their agreements were valid
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21
Q

Who were the Axis powers?

A

Germany, Italy, and Japan

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22
Q

Who were the Allies?

A

Britain, France, USSR, China, US

23
Q

Why did Japan want to expand?

A

They were dependent on foreign trade and saw the conquest of China as the solution

24
Q

What was Mao Zedong’s goal?

A

complete social revolution from the bottom- up

25
Q

What was the Long March?

A

The trek of the Communists to Shaanxi

26
Q

What was the Sino-Japanese War?

A

China v. Japan, Chinese gov escaped and built up army to prepare for war vs. Commies

27
Q

How was WWII different from WWI?

A

It was fought around the world, killed more ppl

Used motorized weapons- advantage to offensive

28
Q

What was blitzkrieg?

A

fighter planes scattered enemy troops, disrupted communications, etc.

29
Q

What were Japan’s alternatives after the US and Britain stopped shipments they needed?

A
  1. accept shame of giving up conquests
  2. face economic ruin
  3. widen war {!!!}
30
Q

What did the Japanese claim to be doing when they bombed Pearl Harbor?

A

Liberating inhabitants from European colonialism, but began to confiscate food and raw materials, demand heavy labor

31
Q

The US gave weapons and aid to Guomindang while urging for what?

A

“national unity” with the Communists

32
Q

Why did the Guomindang lose popular support?

A

They acted like an occupation force: taxed liberated people heavier than Japan, looted businesses, etc.
To pay bills- printed $ so fast it lost all value

33
Q

What was the stance of the US in WWI and II?

A

Isolationism- didn’t enter until provoked
I- Americans killed on British boat by German sub
II- Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

34
Q

How did the type of warfare differ between WWI and II?

A

I- trench warfare (Western Front)

II- motorized weapons (aircraft development, etc.)

35
Q

Why was there no clear distinction between the “front” and “home front” in WWII?

A

Air power carried war into homes

36
Q

Who was targeted in WWII moreso than in WWI?

A

economies and civilians

37
Q

What was WWII caused by?

A
  • Treaty of Versailles failed to keep peace
  • League of Nations failed to contain nationalism
  • Depression / collapse of global economy
  • Nationalsim in Germany, Italy, and Japan
  • Appeasement of Germany
38
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles do that caused the rise of Hitler?

A

Weakened Germany’s economy and bred resentment among the German population

39
Q

How did the Depression cause WWII?

A

Caused the collapse of Germany industry, directly leading to the rise of Hitler

40
Q

How did nationalism cause WWII?

A

Allowed Mussolini, Nazis to rise to power, Japanese nationalists claimed that an empire would pull them out of economic problems

41
Q

How did appeasement of Germany cause WWII?

A

Britain and France feared another war- let Germany build military

42
Q

How did Hitler come to power?

A

Depression- Nazis were supported by unemployed and property owners

43
Q

What was the Enabling Act of 1933?

A

gave Hitler absolute power for 4 years, took over as chancellor and became leader

44
Q

What were Hitler’s goals?

A

avenge humiliation of Versailles
Annex German-speaking countries
living space
master race

45
Q

What was the Atlantic Charter?

A

FDR and Churchill expressed ideals, the US was still neutral but passed the Lend-Lease Act in which they lent the British supplies

46
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

planes and takes, take enemy by surprise quickly

47
Q

What did the German invasion of Poland cause?

A

Britain and France to declare war on Germany

48
Q

Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

A

Japan had to attack the US first to eliminate them as a rival for power in the Pacific and because they couldn’t afford a long war

49
Q

What was the Battle of Midway?

A

Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers- TURNING POINT- Japan went on offensive

50
Q

What was “island-hopping?”

A

US took heavily fortified Japanese island bases to capture others closer to Japan

51
Q

What was the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Hitler wouldn’t retreat- winter set in, Hitler retreated- USSR= on offensive now

52
Q

What was D-day?

A

Allies landed in Normandy, France to open 2nd front in Europe and take back France from Germany

53
Q

What was the Manhattan Project?

A

secret US nuclear program, atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

54
Q

What does NAZIs stand for?

A

Nationals Socialist German Workers’ Party

AP World History (34 decks)

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