6.6.2013(FM)29 Flashcards by rakesh durai

Spanish windlass is a form of

Garrotting

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Widmark formula

a=cpr
a=alcohol level in blood
C=concentration of alcohol in blood
r=constant

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Mugging

Strangulation by holding the neck of victim in bend of elbow

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Most specific method of determination of alcohol level in blood

Gas chromatography

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Violent rubbing against a ROUGH surafce

Brush burn

Gravel rash

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Tangential contact with a smooth surface

Friction burn

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Types of patterned abrasion

Pressure abrasion

Impact abrasion

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Pressure abrasion

Crushing or friction abrasion

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Impact abrasion

Contact or imprint abrasion

Contact with a rough object

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Mechanism of aluminium phosphide poisoning

Phosgene gas which inhibits cytochrome C oxidase

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Pathology of aluminium phosphide poisoning

Sub endocardial infarction

Esophageal strictures

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Confirmation of aluminium phosphide poisoning

Silver nitrate test

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Gastric lavage with ___________ is done in aluminium phosphide poisoning

Potassium permanganate

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Heat ruptures are commonly seen over

Extensor surfaces and joints

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Diff btw heat rupture and lacerations

Absence of bleeding and extravasation
Intact blood vessels and nerves
Absence of bruising or other signs of vital reaction
Irregular margins

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Motorcyclist fracture

Hinge fracture

Skull is fractured into anterior and posterior halves at base

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Fracture line in motorcyclist fracture runs through

Pituitary fossa

Petrous temporal bone

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Homicidal wounds,sites

Nose
Ear
Genitals

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Site of suicidal wounds

Over accessible sites
Throat 
Wrist
Elbow 
Groin
Stab: left of chest,abdomen
Gun shot: mouth,rt temple

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Direction of suicidal wounds

Neck: left to right
Upper limb: away from body
Lower limb: towards body

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Ability of bullet to produce injury depends on

Bullet velocity
Tissue density
Hydrostatic force

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Gerontophilia

Passive agent in buggery is adult

Pedarasty if child

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Female homosexuality comes under which section

It’s not an offence!

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Vesicles in AM burns contains

Proteins
Serous fluids
Chloride

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A hearing loss correctable by surgery comes under _________ injury

Grievous

Chemical methods of sperm detection

``` Florence test-choline Barberio test- Spermine picrate Acid phosphatase Creatine phosphokinase Ammonium molybdate test ```

Immunological methods of sperm detection

MHS-5 from seminal vesicles Mab4E6 on sperm cells PSA

Y chromosome is fluorescent to

Quinacrine

Semen from azospermic or vasectomised individuals can be identified by

Acid phosphatase isoenzyme test(electrophoresis) | Methyl umbelliferyl phosphate specifically stains seminal acid phosphatase

Absolute proof of semen

One unbroken spermatazoan | Electrophoretic LDH isoenzyme

Highly sensitive test for semen

ELISA | SEMA assay for seminal vesicle specific antigen

Species of semen can be identified by

Precipitin test

Source of semen can be identified by

``` DNA Grouping methods(ABO) ```

Damage caused by acids

Coagulative necrosis with Eschar formation

Damage caused by alkalis

Liquefaction Saponification Dehydration Thrombosis of vessels

Which cause more gastric damage? Acid or alkali

Acid | Because they cause intense pylorospasm

Chronic mercury poisoning

Hydrargyrism

Blue black lines on gums can be seen in

Mercury | Lead poisoning

Glass blower shakes

Hatter shakes

Erethism

``` Seen in Workers in mirror industry Shyness Irritability Tremors Loss of memory Insomnia ```

Pink disease

Acrodynia

Rx of mercury poisoning

Chelation agents BAL DMSA D penicillamine

Slight degree of violence may cause large bruise in

Vascular and loose tissues Face Vulva Scrotum

Edges of AM wounds are

Everted or gaping | Swollen

Death in fresh water drowning occurs within

4-5min

Death in saltwater drowning occurs in

8-12min

Near drowning

Secondary drowning/post immersion syndrome | If the victim escapes alive

Immersion syndromes

Hydrocution

Falanga

Beatings to sole of foot

El telefone

Beating both ears simultaneously

El quirofano

Beating on abdomen

La bandera

Suspension by wrist

Mercelago

Suspension by ankles

Parrots perch

Head down,from a horizontal pole placed under knees and hands tied to ankle

Chepuwa

Bhutanese technique | Tight clamping of thighs or legs with bamboo

Forced immersion of head in water

Wet submarine Pileta Latina

Tying of plastic bag covering head and face

Dry submarine

Picana

Torture by electric shocks | Also known as cattle prod

Black slave

Heated metal skewer inserted into anus

El planton

Prolonged standing

El cabellete

Saw horse | Forced straddling of bar

Heat syncope

Collapse without increase in temperature

Temperature in heat stroke

43C

Finger print bureau was established in

Bengal | William hershel

Don juanism

Satyriasis

Algolagnia

Sadism

Blanket consent

Not valid in court of law

Validity of oral consent compared to written

Same

Withholding of information from a neurotic pt or a pt suffering from terminal disease

Therapeutic privilege

Examination of accused

Can be done if requested by an officer not below the rank of sub inspector

Consent from parents or guardian

If the child is below 12yrs or mentally incapable

Examination of victim in criminal cases

Cannot be examined without consent

Loco parentis

Consent in emergencies from school principal

Consent for removal of cornea from dead

Must be obtained from guardian or legal heirs

Secondary injuries

Also known as tertiary injuries | Caused due to victim falling to ground

Injuries due to subsequent impact with same vehicle

Secondary impact injury

Primary impact injury in a child,site

Head

#site if brakes were applied before collision

Lower

Tandem bullet

Piggyback bullet

Bullets that disintegrate on impact

Frangible bullet

Bullet present for a long time in body leading to fibrous tissue formation around it

Souvenir bullet

Bullet travelling in irregular fashion instead of travelling nose on

Yawning bullet

Tandem cartridge

Duplex cartridge Gun fires two cartridges simultaneously which have different projectiles by design and enter the target at different points

Preservative for vitreous

Fluoride

Vitreous analysis is done for

Alcohol Cocaine Cyanide CO poisoning

Spaulding sign is seen in

Maceration

Spaulding sign appears

7 days after death

Aseptic autolysis

Maceration

Earliest sign of maceration

Skin slippage

Roberts sign

Appearance of gas in heart and great vessels | Seen in maceration

Maceration | Conditions essential for it to occur

Foetus surrounded by liquor amnii but with exclusion of air

Mummification | Conditions required for occurence

Scanty liquor | No air

External Os and cervical canal in nulliparous women

Os-circular | Canal-fusiform longitudinally or TRANSVERSE horizontally

External Os and cervical canal in multiparous women

Os- transverse/slit like | Canal-conical

Aryl phosphates

``` Parathion(follidol,ekato,kill phos) Paraxon Methyl parathion(metacide) Diazinon(TIK-20) Chlorthion ```

Malathion is a

Alkyl phosphate

Side effects of hemoperfusion

Hemolysis Hypocalcemia Thrombocytopenia

Sorbents used in hemoperfusion

Resin | Activated carbon or charcoal

Toxins which can be removed by hemodialysis

``` Atenolol Sotalol Acetone Methanol Isopropyl alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Li Bromide Heavy metals Barbiturates Chloral hydrate Procainamide Theophylline Salicylates ```

Poisoning for which hemoperfusion can be done

``` Caffeine Theophylline Digitalis Barbiturate Carbamazepine Phenytoin Acetaminophen Chloramphenicol Paraquat Carbon tetrachloride Methotrexate ```

Criminal responsibilities of insane

Mc naughten rule Curren's rule Durham rule(doctrine of partial rponsibility) American law institute test New Hampshire doctrine(irresistible impulse test) Norwegian system

IPC section of mc naughten rule

Sec 84

Most common type of fingerprint

Ulnar loops

Types of fingerprints

Loops Whorls Arches Composite(least common)

Fingerprint system is also known as

Galton system | Dermatoglyphics

Synonyms for chronic lead poisoning

Plumbism | Saturnism

Earliest and most consistent sign of lead poisoning

Facial pallor

Burtonian line is due to deposition of

Sulphur granules

Blue lead lines are seen in

``` Lead Mercury Copper Silver Bismuth Iron ```