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PGI > 1.7.2013(pathology) 54 > Flashcards

1.7.2013(pathology) 54 Flashcards

0
Q

Schilling test stages

A
  1. Radioactive B12
  2. along with IF
  3. after antibiotic treatment
  4. after giving pancreatic enzymes
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1
Q

False positive D Xylose test

A 
Bacterial overgrowth
Diarrhoea
Delayed gastric emptying
Renal insufficiency 
Vomiting 
Ascitis/pleural effusion
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2
Q

Tests in steatorhea

A

D Xylose

Small intestinal biopsy

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3
Q 
D Xylose test in 
Chronic pancreatitis
Bacterial overgrowth
Celiac disease
Illeal disease
Intestinal lymphangiectasia
A

Normal in all except celiac disease

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4
Q

Schilling test in celiac disease

A

Normal

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5
Q

Celiac disease affects

A

Duodenum

Proximal jejunum

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6
Q

Intestinal stagnant loop syndromes

A

Jejunal diverticulosis
Stricture
Ileocolic fistula
Anatomic blind loop

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7
Q

Inflammatory causes of folate deficiency

A

TB
psoriasis
Exfoliative dermatitis
Malaria

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8
Q

Excessive urinary loss of folate is seen in

A

CCF

active liver disease

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9
Q

Anti folate drugs

A

Nitrofurantoin

Tetracycline

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10
Q

Non neoplastic causes of elevated CEA

A

Smoking
IBD
pancreatitis
Hepatitis

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11
Q

LDH is tumor marker for

A

Ewing

Lymphoma

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12
Q

CA 19-9 is elevated in

A

Colon Ca
Pancreatic Ca
Breast Ca

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13
Q

MHC which is a component of hormone receptor

A

MHC1

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14
Q

Medium to select for hybridoma cells

A 
HAT medium
  Hypoxanthine
  Aminopterin
  Thymidine
HAT medium inhibits denovo purine synthesis pathway
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15
Q

Characteristic of myeloma cells

A

Immortal

HGPRTase -ve

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16
Q

Hybridoma technique was developed by

A

Kohler and milstein

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17
Q

Cell fusion in hybridoma technique is brought about by

A

PEG

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18
Q

Popcorn classification

A

Pulmonary hamartoma
Mediastinal lymph node in Acute histoplasmosis
Degenerated fibroadenoma

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19
Q

Most common site of pulmonary hamartoma

A

Peripheral

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20
Q

Most common benign tumor of lung

A

Pulmonary hamartoma

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21
Q

Specific CT finding in pulmonary hamartoma

A

Fat and calcification

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22
Q

p14 ARF increases p53 activity by

A

Inhibiting MDM2

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23
Q

Most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular

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24
Q

Nodular Hodgkin lymphoma cells,CD

A

CD15 and CD30 +ve

CD45 and CD20 -ve

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25
Q

Nodular sclerosis is common in

A

Both male and female

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26
Q

Most EBV +ve Hodgkin

A

Lymphocyte depleted (poor prognosis)

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27
Q

Reed sternberg cells in lymphocyte depleted type

28
Q

Reed sternberg cells in lymphocyte predominant type

A

L and H/popcorn cells

29
Q

Hodgkin subtype with CD15 and CD30 negativity

A

Lymphocyte predominance(it is CD20+ve)

30
Q

Cancers associated with asbestosis

A

Ca lung and bronchus(SCC or adenocarcinoma)
Pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma
Colon cancer
Laryngeal carcinoma

31
Q

Inherited Hypercoagulable states

A 
DYSFIBRINOGENEMIA
Leiden
Prothrombin mutation
Protein C and S deficiency
Antithrombin III deficiency
32
Q

Conditions associated with low complement levels

A

Idiopathic proliferative glomerulonephritis
Cryoglobulinemia
Shunt nephritis
Atheroembolic renal disease

33
Q

Glomerulonephritis with normal complement

A

HSP

IgA nephropathy

34
Q

Celiac disease biopsy appearance

A

Flat
Villous atrophy,crypt hyperplasia
Overall mucosal thickness remains the same

35
Q

SLE lesions in kidney

A 
Class 1: minimal mesangial 
Class 2: mesangial proliferative
Class 3: focal proliferative
Class 4:diffuse proliferative(wire loop)
Class 5: membranous(sub epithelial,all others have Subendothelial  deposits)
Class 6: sclerotic nephritis
36
Q

Type 2 RPGN

A 
PSGN
IgA nephropathy
HSP
SLE
MPGN
cryoglobulinemia
37
Q

MHC 1 is associated with which hormone receptor

38
Q

Granulovacuolar degeneration is seen in

A

Alzheimer’s disease

39
Q

Good prognostic factor in neuroblastoma,CD

40
Q

DNA ploidy,poor prognosis in neuroblastoma

A

Diploid
Near diploid
Near tetraploid

41
Q

Serum biochemical markers of neuroblastoma

A

LDH
ferritin
Poor prognosis if elevated

42
Q

Amyloid deposition in FMF

43
Q

Most common cause of secondary amyloidosis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

44
Q

Tumors associated with secondary amyloidosis

A

Renal cell carcinoma

Hodgkin

45
Q

Heat test for bence jones protein

A

Precipitate at 50-60 C

Redissolve at 100 C

46
Q

Paragangliomas are chromaffin

47
Q

TLR 4 binds to

A

LPS(Gram negative bacteria)

HSF60(chlamydia)

48
Q

TLR that binds to flagellin

49
Q

TLR 6 binds to

50
Q

TLR3 binds to

A

Double stranded RNA(viruses)

51
Q

TLR 2 binds to

A 
Lipoproteins
Peptidoglycan(GPB)
LPS of leptospira
Lipoarabinomannan and phosphatidyl inositol dimannoside of mycobacteria 
GPI anchor(trypanosomes)
Zymosan(fungi)
52
Q

TLR belongs to _____ family

A

IL-1 receptor family

53
Q

Basophilic Dyskeratosis is seen in

A

Darier disease

54
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal keratinisation occurring prematurely in cells below stratum granulosum layer

55
Q

Chondrocalcinosis

A 
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
Acromegaly
Hyperparathyroidism 
Alkaptonuria
Gout
Wilson disease
56
Q

Intervertebral disc calcification,causes

A 
Alkaptonuria
Gout
CPPD
DISH
AS
degenerative spondylosis
Hemochromatosis
57
Q

Cause of metastatic calcification

A

Elevated Ca phosphate product(more than 60-70)

With normal ca phosphate product but after renal transplant

58
Q

PSGN develops how many weeks after pharyngitis and impetigo

A

1-3wks after pharyngitis

2-6wks after impetigo

59
Q

Nephritogenic streptococcal strains

A

Impetigo
2,47,49,55,57,60
Pharyngitis
1,2,3,4,12,25,49

60
Q

Causes of decreased osmotic fragility

A 
Sickle cell Anemia
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency Anemia
Reticulocytosis
Post splenectomy
61
Q

Causes of Anemia in CRF

A 
Decreased erythropoietin
Decreased RBC survival
Bleeding diathesis
Iron deficiency
Hyperparathyroidism/bone marrow fibrosis
Chronic inflammation
Folate or B12 deficiency
Hemoglobinopathy
Comorbid conditions
62
Q

Megaloblastic Anemia refractory to folate/B12 therapy

A

Orotic aciduria
Thiamine responsive
Anti metabolites
Myelodysplasia/some cases of AML

63
Q

Worms causing iron deficiency Anemia

A

Hook worm
Shistosoma
Trichuris

64
Q

Changes in primary TB

A 
Ghon complex
Pleural effusion
Calcification
Cavitation
Fibrosis
Milliary
65
Q

Common causes of malignant pleural effusion

A

Lung
Breast
Lymphoma

66
Q

Drug induced pleural effucsion

A

Methysergide
Procarbazine
BAND

67
Q

Causes of transudate pleural effusion

A 
CCF
nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis
Pulmonary embolism
Peritoneal dialysis
SVC obstruction
Myxedema
Urinothorax
68
Q

Side of pleural effusion in CCF

A

Right

Same in cirrhosis

PGI (16 decks)

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