28.6.2013(pathology) 51 Flashcards
Endocrine cause of vit B12 deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Starry sky appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
PSGN
Megaloblastic Anemia in hemodialysis..cause?
Loss of folate
Lymphoma that expresses BCL 1
Mantle cell lymphoma
Rx of follicular lymphoma
Most responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Cystic medial necrosis is seen in
Marfan syndrome Ehlers danlos syndrome IV Hypertension Bicuspid aortic valve Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm
Dx of lymphoma of stomach
Biopsy
Common symptoms of gastric lymphoma
Pain
Weight loss
Bleeding
Half life of factor VII
4-6hours
Clotting factor with longest half life
Factor XIII(11-14 days)
Factor deficiencies that may present without PT or aPTT prolongation
V
X
XIII
Lobulated capillary hemangioma
Pyogenic granuloma
Risk of bleeding in pyogenic granuloma
Bleeds easily
Drugs causing pyogenic granuloma
OCP
indinavir
Retinoids
Infectious causes of pyogenic granuloma
Bartonella
Staphylococcus
Causes of pyogenic granuloma
Trauma Pregnancy AV malformation Infections Drugs
Normal platelet count
1.5-3 lac/uL
Normal value of RDW
11.5-14.5
Hooping pattern is seen in
Primary CNS lymphoma
Hooping pattern is demonstrated by
Reticulin staining
Most common location of primary CNS lymphoma
1.frontal lobe
Deep nuclei
Periventricular zone
Conditions predisposing to primary CNS lymphoma
HIV EBV Immunosuppression Collagen vascular diseases SLE RA Sjogren
HSP is common in
Males in winter
Types of bronchoalveolar carcinoma
Mucinous
Nonmucinous
Clara cells
Type 2 pneumocytes
Most common primary in skeletal metastasis
- breast
2. prostate
Common causes of hereditary spherocytosis
- ankyrin
- Band 3
- spectrin
- palladin/ band 4.2
Splenctomy in hereditary spherocytosis is delayed until atleast
4 yrs of age
Screening test for kala azar
Aldehyde test of Napier detects reversed albumin globulin ratio
Other name for leishman test
Montenegro test
Serological test for kala azar
Direct agglutination test
Indirect IF test
rk-39 dipstick test
ELISA
Types of cystic pancreatic neoplasms
Serous cystadenoma(never malignant)
Mucinous cystadenoma
Intra ductal papillary Mucinous neoplasm
Solid pseudo papillary neoplasm
Cystic pancreatic neoplasm common in males
IPMN
Difference between IPMN and Mucinous cystadenoma
IPMN
Common in head
Involves larger ducts
Lacks thick stroma
Most common mutation in pancreatic carcinoma
- p16/CDKN2A
2. K RAS
Inherited condition with highest risk of pancreatic cancer
Peutz jegher syndrome
Tumors showing perineural invasion
Pancreatic carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Tumors showing desmoplastic response
IDC of breast
Pancreatic Ca
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Pancreatic ca is common in
Head
Giant intracranial aneurysm,size
More than 2.5cm
Common site of giant intracranial aneurysm
ICA
Types of glomus tumor
Solid glomus tumor(most common type)
Glomangioma(common in familial type)
Glomangiomyoma
Chr in glomangioma
Chr 1p
Glomulin gene
Common sites of glomangioma
Hand and forearm
Least common type of cardiomyopathy
Restrictive
Thickening of which valve is seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Anterior mitral leaflets
Drug causing dilated cardiomyopathy
Cocaine
Common sites of brain affected by metastasis
Grey white matter junction
MCA,PCA junction
Most common Primary that metastasises to brain
Lung ca
Breast metastasis to brain commonly affects
Cerebellum and posterior pitutary
Least mature erythrocyte precursor
Pronormoblast/ proerythroblast
Abundant mitochondria are found in which erythrocyte precursor
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
First appearance of Hb in which erythrocyte precursor
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Maximum number of ribosomes are seen in which stage of erythrocyte maturation
Basophilic erythroblast
Chromatin condensation begins in which stage of erythropoiesis
Basophilic erythroblast
Diff btw Pronormoblast and basophilic erythroblast
Nucleoli is absent in basophilic erythroblast
Smallest nucleated erythrocyte precursor
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Supravital staining
New methylene blue
Brilliant cresyl blue
Diff in metabolism of reticulocytes and RBCs
Intact TCA cycle is present in reticulocytes
Drugs causing thrombocytopenia
Selective impairment of platelet production Thiazides Alcohol Autoimmune causes Heparin Quinidine Sulfa compounds
Infections causing thrombocytopenia
HIV
measles
CMV
IM
Negative acute phase reactants
Albumin Prealbumin Retinol binding protein transferrin Transcortin Transthyretin
Causes of decreased surfactant
Pulmonary artery occlusion
100% O2 inhalation
Cigarette smoking
Neruoendocrine tumors of lung
Small cell Ca Large cell Ca Carcinoid Typical Atypical Benign tumorlets
Diff btw typical and atypical carcinoid
p53 mutation
BCL2/BAX imbalance
Seen in atypical carcinoid
Markers of Neruoendocrine tumors
Chromogranin Synaptophysin CD56 TTF1 CK cocktail
Normal bilirubin in blood
Unconjugated bilirubin
Rate limiting step in bilirubin metabolism
Excretion into bile
Total Hb content in body
900gm in 70kg man
Trace element deficiency causing impaired wound healing
Zinc Copper Calcium Manganese Iron
Vitamin deficiency causing impaired wound healing
Vit A and C
Neoplasms causing DIC
Pancreas
Stomach
Lung
Prostate
Infectious causes of DIC
Gram negative sepsis Meningococcimia Aspergillosis Histoplasmosis RMSF Malaria
Most common manifestation of heparin overdose
Hematuria
