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PGI > 2.7.2013(pathology)55 > Flashcards

2.7.2013(pathology)55 Flashcards

0
Q

Risk factors for development of colorectal cancer

A 
Dietary fat
Smoking
Ureterosigmoidostomy
IBD
Streptococcus bovis bacterimia
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1
Q

Single gene disorders with non classic inheritance

A

Triplet repeat mutation
Mutations in mt genes
Genomic imprinting
Gonadal mosaicism

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2
Q

Inherited syndromes with malignant polyps in both small and large intestines

A

Gardner

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3
Q

Lesions associated with gardener

A 
CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHY OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM
osteoma
Fibroma
Lipoma
Epidermoid cyst
Ampullary cancers
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4
Q

Tumors associated with peutz jegher syndrome

A

Ovary
Pancreas
Endometrium
Breast

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5
Q

Combined immunodeficiency(both T and B cell defect)

A

Nezelof syndrome
Ataxia telangiectasia
Wiskott Aldrich
SCID

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6
Q

Which snake bite causes DIC

A

Viper

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7
Q

Early liver failure,which is not prolonged

PT or aPTT

A

aPTT

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8
Q

Elevated aPTT but no bleeding

A 
XII
HMK
PK
lupus anticoagulant
Heparin
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9
Q

Horseshoe kidney,vertebral level

A

L4

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10
Q

Horseshoe kidney,which poles are fused

A

Lower poles 90%

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11
Q

Horse shoe kidney is commonly seen in which syndrome

A

Turner

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12
Q

Tumor which is common in horseshoe kidney

A

Wilms tumor

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13
Q

Common form of crossed fused Ectopia

A

Left kidney crossing and fusing with lower pole of rt kidney

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14
Q

Tumors that express FasL

A

Melanoma
HCC

Cause apoptosis of T cells

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15
Q

Mechanisms by which tumor cells escape immune surveillance

A 
Antigen negative variants
Loss of MHC2(however they may trigger NK cells)
Immune suppression by TGF B
Antigen masking
Apoptosis of cytotoxic T cells
Lack of co stimulation
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16
Q

NK/T cells

A

NK cells expressing CD3

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17
Q

NK/T cells recognise antigens presented by

A

CD1 molecule

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18
Q

NK/T cells are effective against

A

Listeria monocytogenes

M.Tuberculosis

19
Q

Genetic causes of ADPKD

A

ADPKD1 chr16
ADPKD2 chr 4
Somatic mutation
Loss of heterozygosity

20
Q

Difference in presentation of ADPKD1 and ADPKD2

A

Late age of onset and renal failure in ADPKD2

21
Q

Risk factors for progressive renal disease in ADPKD

A 
ADPKD 1
Younger age
Hypertension
Black race
Male
22
Q

autosomal dominant cystic diseases of kidney

A

ADPKD

adult onset medullary cystic kidney disease

23
Q

Causes of SVC syndrome

A 
Adenocarcinoma of lung
small cell Ca of lung
SCC of lung
Lymphoma(common cause in young age)
Thyroid Ca
Thymoma
Teratoma
Synovial cell sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
24
Q

Oncogenes with tyrosine receptor activity$

A

BCR-ABL
MET
ERBB2

25
Q

$ gene mutations in oesophageal cancer

A 
P53
Cyclin D1
p16INK4a
C-MYC
EGFR
26
Q

Causes of enlarged kidneys

A 
Amyloidosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Multiple myeloma
HIV associated nephropathy 
ADPKD*
obstructive uropathy*
  • true enlargement seen
27
Q

Antibodies in atrophic gastritis

A 
Against
 H+K+ ATPase
 Gastrin receptor 
 IF(most specific)
 Parietal cells
28
Q

Appearance of amyloid in various microscopy techniques

A

Light microscopy - Congo red- pink
Polarising microscopy -apple green birefringence
X ray crystallography or infrared spectroscopy- beta pleated sheets
EM- 10nm fibrils

29
Q

Autoimmune gastritis commonly involves which part of stomach

A

Fundus
Body

Antrum is spared

30
Q

HLA in autoimmune gastritis

A

HLA B8

HLA DR3

31
Q

Types of chronic gastritis

A

Type A autoimmune - body predominant

Type B H.pylori - antral predominant

32
Q

X linked recessive hematopoitic disorders

A 
SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
Hemophilia A and B
Wiskott Aldrich
Agammaglobulima
CGD
G6PD
33
Q

Causes of x linked recessive diseases

A

Color blindness
Ocular albinism
Androgen insensitivity of syndrome
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

34
Q

Mode of inheritance of Laurence moon biedel syndrome

A

AR

35
Q

Autosomal recessive inheritance is seen in

A 
Usher syndrome
Chediak higashi
LAD
pendred
Klippel feil syndrome
Ehlers danlos
Osteopetrosis
Familial Mediterranean fever
Bartter syndrome
Gitelman syndrome
Nephronophthisis
36
Q

Complications of blood transfusion

A 
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Metabolic alkalosis 
Hyperammonemia 
Hypothermia
37
Q

Cause of metabolic alkalosis in blood transfusion

A

One molecule of citrate releases 3 molecules of bicarbonate

38
Q

Infections that may be transmitted by blood transfusion

A 
HIV
hepatitis B and C
Malaria
CMV
cJD
Brucellosis
Syphilis
Parvovirus B19
Chagas disease
39
Q

PAS positive kidney structures

A

GBM
TBM(tubular basement membrane)
mesangium
Brush border of PCT

40
Q

AntiFibrinolytic factors in platelets

A

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Alpha 2 antiplasmin

Platelets also have anti fibrinolytic factors

41
Q

Microscopic polyangitis involves

A

Capillaries
Venules
Arterioles

42
Q

Other name for Li fraumeni syndrome

A 
SBLA syndrome
Sarcoma
Breast
Leukemia 
Adrenal gland
43
Q

Mitochondrial disease associated with dementia and increased CSF protein

A

MERRF

44
Q

Factors that cause both chemotaxis and increased vascular permeability

A

C5a
PAF
NO

45
Q

CSF in Multiple sclerosis

A

Increased protein

Oligoclonal bands

46
Q

Causes of increased CSF protein

A 
Diabetes
Connective tissue disease
Uraemia
Myxedema
Cerebral hemorrhage
Brain tumors
  Meningioma
  Acoustic neuroma
  Ependymoma

PGI (16 decks)

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