4.7.2013(pathology)57 Flashcards
Bradykinin receptor involved in inflammatory response
B1
Drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
Primaquine Chloroquine Proguanil Dapsone Nalidixic acid Ciprofloxacin Norfloxacin Nitrofurantoin Cotrimoxazole Sulphasalazine Aspirin at high dose Methylene blue Rsburicase Vitamin K analogue Acetanilide Phenazopyridine
Bradykinin displays highest affinity for which type of receptor
B2
Potency of bradykinin compared to histamine
More potent vasodilator
Prekallikrein is converted to kallikrein by
Hageman factor
Trypsin
Kallikrein
LMW kininogen is converted to
Kallidin by tissue kallikrein
Kallidin is converted to bradykinin by
Aminopeptidase
Kallidin is also known as
Lysyl bradykinin
Bradykinin and Kallidin are degraded by
Kinases I and II
Causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(mutations)
Beta myosin heavy chain Actin Troponin T Alpha tropomyosin Troponin I Myosin light chain MYBPC Titin
Mutations that may cause dilated cardiomyopathy
Beta myosin heavy chain Actin Tropomyosin Troponin T Delta and beta sarcoglycans Dystrophin Desmin Lamin Medium/long chain Acyl coA dehydrogenase Carnitine transporter translocase
Cerebral infarction is caused by which fungal infections
Mucormycosis
Aspergillosis
Carnitine deficiency is caused by which drug
Valproate
Causes of niacin deficiency
Alcoholism
Tryptophan deficiency
B6 deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency
Sugar cell tumor $
Clear cell tumor of lung
Contains abundant PAS positive glycogen granules
Clear cell tumors
Sarcomas Perivascular epitheloid cell tumors Carcinomas Renal Salivary gland Gall bladder Cervix Cholangiocarcinoma
Alfa fetoprotein elevation
Hepatoma Hepatoblastoma Endodermal sinus tumor Immature teratoma Stomach Ca Pancreatic Ca Billiary ca Lung ca Hepatitis Cirrhosis
Causes of raised maternal serum AFP
Neural tube defects Fetal death Chorangioma Omphalocele/gastroschisis Intestinal obstruction Cloacal exostrophy Cystic hygroma Pilonidal cysts Sacrococygeal teratoma Congenital nephrosis Preeclampsia Osteogenesis imperfecta Placenta accreta PCKD
Hairy cell leukemia pts are at increased risk of infections with
MAC
Rx of hairy cell leukemia
Cladribine
Pentostatin
Interferon alpha
Most common symptom of zollinger Ellison syndrome
Abdominal Pain
Malignancy in zollinger Ellison syndrome
60-90%
Common symptom of zollinger Ellison syndrome arising from pancreas
Diarrhoea
Most common manifestation of extra pancreatic VIPoma
Hypokalemia
Most common presentation of Somatostatinoma
Diabetes(pancreas)
Cholelithiasis(duodenum/jejunum)
Causes of schistocytes
MAHA TTP HUS DIC Prosthetic valve March hemoglobinuria Hemangiosarcoma Myelofibrosis Glomerulonephritis Chronic doxorubicin toxicosis Severe iron deficiency Anemia Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Target cells causes
Absolute increase in surface area: obstructive liver disease
Relative increase due to diminished volume: fe deficiency,thalassemia,HbE,HbC
Acanthocytes,cause
Accumulation of cholesterol in outer lipid bilayer- liver disease
Accumulation of sphingomyelin in outer lipid bilayer- abetalipoproteinemia
Echinocytes,causes
Expansion of outer lipid bilayer membrane relative to inner surface
Uraemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Stomatocytes,cause
Expansion of inner surface of lipid bilayer relative to outer layer
Vinca alkaloids
Alcoholism
Cation permeability disorder
Abnormal RBC morphology due to aberrant horizontal protein interactions
Ellipsocytosis
Poikilocytosis(severely impaired)
Dysplasia is a ________ change
Reversible
Features of dysplasia$
Architectural disorientation
Pleomorphism
Hyper chromatic and large nuclei
Abundant mitotic figures
Causes of massive splenomegaly $
CML myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia Polycythemia Vera Hairy cell leukemia CLL diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Sarcoidosis Gaucher
Transthyretin transports
Thyroxine
Retinol
Ear abnormalities in down
Serous otitis media
Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss
Dyskeratosis congenita
Hyperpigmentation
Oral leukoplakia
Dystrophic nails
Aplastic Anemia
Mode of inheritance of Dyskeratosis congenita
X linked recessive(common)
Autosomal dominant
Cause of Prader willi and Angelman syndrome
Praderwilli- paternal deletion
Angelman-maternal deletion
Appearance of chromatin in neuroendocrine tumors
Salt and pepper
Types of nephrogenic rests
Sclerotic rests
Hyperplastic rests
Other name for nephrogenic rests
Nephroblastomatosis
Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma is common in
Males
Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma resembles
Leiomyoma
Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma produces
Renin
Site of metastasis of congenital Mesoblastic nephroma
They never metastasise
Anaplastic Wilms tumor $
Large,hyper chromatic,pleomorphic nuclei
Abnormal mitosis
Mesenchymal component of Wilms showing malignant differentiation
Rhabdomyosarcomatous wilms
Common causes of budd chiari syndrome
- polycythemia rubra Vera
- Pregnancy
- Postpartum
- OCP
- PNH
- HCC
Adenocarcinoma of small intestine is common in
Duodenum
Most common type of small intestinal lymphoma
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Site of DLBL of small intestine
Ileocecal junction
Rx of burkitt lymphoma of small bowel
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Doxorubicin
Methotrexate
Effecement of foot process is seen in
minimal change disease
FSGS
MPGN
membranous glomerulonephritis
Von meyenberg complex
Bile duct micro hamartoma
Dilated bile ducts close to or within portal tracts
Causes of elevated CA125
Ovarian cancer Cervical ca Endometrium ca Fallopian tube Ca ca breast Ca pancreas Ca lung Ca colon Pregnancy Endometriosis PID abdominal TB uterine fibroids 1% of normal females
Markers of hairy cell leukemia
CD11c
CD25
CD103
Causes of uniparental disomy
Meiotic nondisjunction
Trisomy 15
Trisomy rescue by mitotic non dysjunction
