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PGI > 4.7.2013(pathology)57 > Flashcards

4.7.2013(pathology)57 Flashcards

0
Q

Bradykinin receptor involved in inflammatory response

A

B1

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1
Q

Drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A 
Primaquine
Chloroquine
Proguanil
Dapsone
Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Nitrofurantoin 
Cotrimoxazole
Sulphasalazine
Aspirin at high dose
Methylene blue
Rsburicase
Vitamin K analogue
Acetanilide
Phenazopyridine
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2
Q

Bradykinin displays highest affinity for which type of receptor

A

B2

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3
Q

Potency of bradykinin compared to histamine

A

More potent vasodilator

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4
Q

Prekallikrein is converted to kallikrein by

A

Hageman factor
Trypsin
Kallikrein

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5
Q

LMW kininogen is converted to

A

Kallidin by tissue kallikrein

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6
Q

Kallidin is converted to bradykinin by

A

Aminopeptidase

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7
Q

Kallidin is also known as

A

Lysyl bradykinin

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8
Q

Bradykinin and Kallidin are degraded by

A

Kinases I and II

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9
Q

Causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(mutations)

A 
Beta myosin heavy chain 
Actin
Troponin T
Alpha tropomyosin
Troponin I
Myosin light chain
MYBPC
Titin
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10
Q

Mutations that may cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Beta myosin heavy chain
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin T
Delta and beta sarcoglycans 
Dystrophin
Desmin
Lamin
Medium/long chain Acyl coA dehydrogenase
Carnitine transporter translocase
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11
Q

Cerebral infarction is caused by which fungal infections

A

Mucormycosis

Aspergillosis

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12
Q

Carnitine deficiency is caused by which drug

A

Valproate

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13
Q

Causes of niacin deficiency

A

Alcoholism
Tryptophan deficiency
B6 deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency

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14
Q

Sugar cell tumor $

A

Clear cell tumor of lung

Contains abundant PAS positive glycogen granules

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15
Q

Clear cell tumors

A 
Sarcomas
 Perivascular epitheloid cell tumors
Carcinomas
 Renal 
 Salivary gland
 Gall bladder
 Cervix
 Cholangiocarcinoma
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16
Q

Alfa fetoprotein elevation

A 
Hepatoma
Hepatoblastoma
Endodermal sinus tumor
Immature teratoma
Stomach Ca
Pancreatic Ca
Billiary ca
Lung ca
Hepatitis 
Cirrhosis
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17
Q

Causes of raised maternal serum AFP

A 
Neural tube defects
Fetal death
Chorangioma
Omphalocele/gastroschisis
Intestinal obstruction
Cloacal exostrophy
Cystic hygroma
Pilonidal cysts
Sacrococygeal teratoma
Congenital nephrosis
Preeclampsia
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Placenta accreta
PCKD
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18
Q

Hairy cell leukemia pts are at increased risk of infections with

A

MAC

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19
Q

Rx of hairy cell leukemia

A

Cladribine
Pentostatin
Interferon alpha

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20
Q

Most common symptom of zollinger Ellison syndrome

A

Abdominal Pain

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21
Q

Malignancy in zollinger Ellison syndrome

A

60-90%

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22
Q

Common symptom of zollinger Ellison syndrome arising from pancreas

A

Diarrhoea

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23
Q

Most common manifestation of extra pancreatic VIPoma

A

Hypokalemia

24
Q

Most common presentation of Somatostatinoma

A

Diabetes(pancreas)

Cholelithiasis(duodenum/jejunum)

25
Q

Causes of schistocytes

A 
MAHA
TTP
HUS
DIC
Prosthetic valve
March hemoglobinuria
Hemangiosarcoma
Myelofibrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Chronic doxorubicin toxicosis
Severe iron deficiency Anemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
26
Q

Target cells causes

A

Absolute increase in surface area: obstructive liver disease

Relative increase due to diminished volume: fe deficiency,thalassemia,HbE,HbC

27
Q

Acanthocytes,cause

A

Accumulation of cholesterol in outer lipid bilayer- liver disease
Accumulation of sphingomyelin in outer lipid bilayer- abetalipoproteinemia

28
Q

Echinocytes,causes

A

Expansion of outer lipid bilayer membrane relative to inner surface
Uraemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency

29
Q

Stomatocytes,cause

A

Expansion of inner surface of lipid bilayer relative to outer layer
Vinca alkaloids
Alcoholism
Cation permeability disorder

30
Q

Abnormal RBC morphology due to aberrant horizontal protein interactions

A

Ellipsocytosis

Poikilocytosis(severely impaired)

31
Q

Dysplasia is a ________ change

A

Reversible

32
Q

Features of dysplasia$

A

Architectural disorientation
Pleomorphism
Hyper chromatic and large nuclei
Abundant mitotic figures

33
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly $

A 
CML
myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Polycythemia Vera
Hairy cell leukemia
CLL
diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Sarcoidosis 
Gaucher
34
Q

Transthyretin transports

A

Thyroxine

Retinol

35
Q

Ear abnormalities in down

A

Serous otitis media

Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss

36
Q

Dyskeratosis congenita

A

Hyperpigmentation
Oral leukoplakia
Dystrophic nails
Aplastic Anemia

37
Q

Mode of inheritance of Dyskeratosis congenita

A

X linked recessive(common)

Autosomal dominant

38
Q

Cause of Prader willi and Angelman syndrome

A

Praderwilli- paternal deletion

Angelman-maternal deletion

39
Q

Appearance of chromatin in neuroendocrine tumors

A

Salt and pepper

40
Q

Types of nephrogenic rests

A

Sclerotic rests

Hyperplastic rests

41
Q

Other name for nephrogenic rests

A

Nephroblastomatosis

42
Q

Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma is common in

A

Males

43
Q

Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma resembles

A

Leiomyoma

44
Q

Congenital Mesoblastic nephroma produces

A

Renin

45
Q

Site of metastasis of congenital Mesoblastic nephroma

A

They never metastasise

46
Q

Anaplastic Wilms tumor $

A

Large,hyper chromatic,pleomorphic nuclei

Abnormal mitosis

47
Q

Mesenchymal component of Wilms showing malignant differentiation

A

Rhabdomyosarcomatous wilms

48
Q

Common causes of budd chiari syndrome

A
  1. polycythemia rubra Vera
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Postpartum
  4. OCP
  5. PNH
  6. HCC
49
Q

Adenocarcinoma of small intestine is common in

A

Duodenum

50
Q

Most common type of small intestinal lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

51
Q

Site of DLBL of small intestine

A

Ileocecal junction

52
Q

Rx of burkitt lymphoma of small bowel

A

Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Doxorubicin
Methotrexate

53
Q

Effecement of foot process is seen in

A

minimal change disease
FSGS
MPGN
membranous glomerulonephritis

54
Q

Von meyenberg complex

A

Bile duct micro hamartoma

Dilated bile ducts close to or within portal tracts

55
Q

Causes of elevated CA125

A 
Ovarian cancer
Cervical ca
Endometrium ca
Fallopian tube Ca
ca breast
Ca pancreas
Ca lung
Ca colon
Pregnancy
Endometriosis
PID
abdominal TB
uterine fibroids
1% of normal females
56
Q

Markers of hairy cell leukemia

A

CD11c
CD25
CD103

57
Q

Causes of uniparental disomy

A

Meiotic nondisjunction
Trisomy 15
Trisomy rescue by mitotic non dysjunction

PGI (16 decks)

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