25.6.2013(pediatrics) 48 Flashcards
Causes of secondary lactase deficiency
Celiac disease
Rotavirus
Types of lactase deficiency
Congenital
Primary adult hypolactasia
Secondary lactase deficiency
Diagnosis of lactose intolerance
Hydrogen breath test
Assay of lactase in intestinal biopsy
Rx of lactose intolerance
Lactase tablet
Live culture yogurt
Causes of gastroenteritis
Viral 1.rota 2.noro(Norwalk,calici) Bacterial 1.salmonella 2.campylobacter
Syndromes associated with short stature
Down Turner Noonan Williams Russell silver
Russell silver syndrome
Short stature(prenatal onset) Delayed bone age Clinodactyly Cafe au lait spot Triangular face Frontal bossing Normal HC Hyperhidrosis
Causes of cafe au lait spots
NF1(coast of California) Mc cune Albright (coast of Maine) Russell silver Tuberous sclerosis Fanconi Anemia
Type of CP commonly associated with birth asphyxia
Extra pyramidal CP
Most common complication of measles
Acute otitis media
Most common cause of death in measles
Pneumonia
Most serious complication of measles
Meningoencephalitis
Ocular complications of measles
Cattarhal conjunctivitis Corneal ulcer Retinitis Optic neuritis Koplik spot on conjunctiva
Causes of tall stature
Weaver syndrome Sotos syndrome Klinefelter Testicular feminization Beckwidth wideman Exogenous obesity Marfan Homocystinuria Fragile X syndrome
Electrolyte abnormality presenting as hematuria
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Metabolic causes of neonatal seizures
Hypoglycemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesimia
Rx of intusucception
Air,saline or barium reduction(contraindicated if child is in shock)
Onset of intusucception
Btw 3mon - 6yrs of age(most common cause of intestinal obstruction in this age group)
Postoperative intussuception
Ileo illeal
Occurs within 5 days of abdominal surgery
Radiological signs in intussuception
Target sign
Doughnut sign
Coiled spring appearance
Reduction of intussuception is contraindicated in
Signs of shock
Intestinal perforation
Peritoneal irritation
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Drug used to prevent recurrent intussuception
Corticosteroids
In chronic ITP antibodies against which antigen are common
GpIIb-IIIa
Essential steps in treatment of malnourished child
Rx hypoglycemia Rx hypothermia Rx dehydration Rx electrolyte deficiencies Rx infection Give micronutrients Start cautions feeding Achieve catchup growth Provide sensory stimulation and emotional support Follow up
Hypoglycemia
Less than 54mg/dl
Micronutrients provided in malnourished child
Vit A Folate Iron Zinc Copper
Phases in Rx of malnourished child
Stabilisation phase(first 7 days) Rehabilitation phase(2-6weeks)
Primary failure to respond to Rx in malnourished child is indicated by
Failure to regain appetite or starting to loose Edema by day 4
Presence of Edema by day 10
Failure to gain 5g/kg/day by day 10
Secondary failure
Failure to regain atleast 5g/kg/day for 3 consecutive days during rehabilitation phase
Diseases during nutritional rehabilitation
Pseudotumor cerebri
Nutritional recovery syndrome(high protein results in high estrogen levels)
Encephalitis like syndrome
Criteria for discharge after Rx of malnourished child
No Edema No infection Immunised Intake of 120-130cal/kg/day Consistent weight gain Weight for height is 90% of NCHS median
Most common obstructive urethral lesion in newborn
PUV
Most common cause of endstage renal failure in boys
PUV
IOC for PUV
Voiding cystourethrogram
Rx of posterior urethral valves
Endoscopic resection
Preterm: cutaneous vesicostomy
Organic causes of constipation
Vincristine
Myotonic dystrophy
Milk protein allergy
Length of suction tube
5cm for mouth
3cm for nose
Early sign of septic shock
Hyperventilation
MCV of cord blood
110fl
MCV at various ages
At birth 108fl
1month 104fl
1year 78fl
Adult level reached by 12-18yrs(90fl)
