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Physiology > 6.1 General Senses > Flashcards

6.1 General Senses Flashcards

0
Q

3 Physiologic types of tactile sensation

A

Mechanoreceptive
Thermoreceptive
Nociceptive

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1
Q

T/F In general senses, there is a specific, specialized organ or structure for detecting stimuli

A

False- NO Specific organ

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2
Q

3 classifications of tactile sensation based on location

A

Exteroreceptive
Proprioceptive
Deep

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3
Q

What classifications of tactile sensation based on location is from body surface

A

Exteroreceptive

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4
Q

Define proprioceptive

A

Position senses
Pressure senses from feet
Equilibrium

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5
Q

Classification of tactile senses based on information carried

A
  1. Pain and temperature

2. Fine discriminatory touch

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6
Q

Stimulation of receptors in skin or tissue directly beneath the skin

A

Touch

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7
Q

Tactile sensation where there is deformation of the skin

A

Pressure

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8
Q

Tactile sensation where there is rapid repetitive signal

A

Vibration

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9
Q

T/F Touch, pressure, vibration are detected by the same type of receptors

A

True

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10
Q

Tactile receptor that is widely distributed and detects touch and pressure

A

Free nerve endings

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11
Q

Free nerve ending : touch and pressure

________________ : vibration and deep pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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12
Q

Specialized mechanoreceptors sensitive to movement of objects over skin

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

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13
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle : encapsulated by dendrites

Pacinian corpuscle : _______________

A

encapsulated by lamellae

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14
Q

Sensation for Ruffini’s endings

A

Continuous deformation

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15
Q

Describe adaption of different tactile receptors

A 
Hair-end organ- rapidly adapting
Meissner's corpuscle- fast adapting
Pacinian corpuscle- rapidly adapting
Merkel's disc- slow adapting (initially strong then adapting weaker signal)
Ruffini's endings- slow adapting
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16
Q

2 types of summation

A
  1. Spatial summation

2. Temporal summation

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17
Q

Summation wherein increasing signal strength is transmitted by using progressively greater number of fibers

A

Spatial summation

18
Q

Increase in stimulus -> __(1)__ nerve fibers stimulated -> ___(2)___ sensation felt

A
  1. More

2. Stronger

19
Q

Summation wherein increasing the frequency of nerve impulses in each fiber will increase signal intensity

A

Temporal summation

20
Q

As the impulse increases -> ______ signal is felt

A

Stronger

Note: as impulses are sent more rapidly, the strength of the stimulus is perceived to be higher

21
Q

Spatial : stimulus

Temporal : _______

A

Impulse

22
Q

Accumulation of neurons

A

Neuronal pool

23
Q

Stimuli below the threshold for excitation

A

Subthreshold stimuli

24
Q

Stimuli above the threshold required for excitation

A

Suprathreshold stimuli

25
Q

The stimulation is over but the signal persists

A

Afterdischarge

Note: rhythmical signals like breathing

26
Q

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field:
MEISSNER

A

F1 (fast adapting type 1)

27
Q

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field:
PACINIAN

A

F2 (fast adapting type 2)

28
Q

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field:
MERKEL

A

S1 (slow adapting type 1)

29
Q

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field:
RUFFINI

A

S2 (slow adapting type 2)

30
Q

T/F receptors are clustered at certain points

A

True

31
Q

Condition for area to be highly sensitive

A

Dense innervation + small receptive field

32
Q

General sensory pathway

A

Receptor -> first order neuron -> spinal cord/brain stem -> second order neuron -> thalamus -> third order neuron -> cortex

33
Q

2 sensory pathway

A
  1. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

2. Anterolateral system/ spinothalamic tract

34
Q

DCML : medulla

_________ : spinal cord

A

Anterolater/ Spinothalamic tract

35
Q

Brodmann’s area for somatosensory cortex

A

Brodmann’s area 1-3

36
Q

Brodmann’s area for somatosensory association areas

A

Brodmann’s area 5,7

37
Q

Loss of ability to recognize complex objects felt on one side

A

Amorphosynthesis

38
Q

Ability to discern that 2 objects touching the skin are truly 2 distinct points

A

Two-point discrimination

39
Q

At high levels of stimulation it becomes harder to detect changes in stimulus strength

A

Weber-Fechner Principle

40
Q

In vibration sense, up to _____cycles/sec can be detected

A

700

41
Q

Specific cutaneous region supplied by a given dorsal root ganglion

A

Dermatome

42
Q

Pain receptors are ________

A

Free nerve endings

43
Q

Agent most responsible for causing pain following tissue damage

A

Bradykinin

Physiology (27 decks)

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