5.7 Other Hormones Flashcards
Class of eicosanoids that cause vasoconstriction
Thromboxanes
Class of eicosanoids that cause vasodilation
Prostacyclins
Class of eicosanoids that cause renin release and bronchoconstriction
Prostaglandins
Class of eicosanoids that mediate inflammation and allergic reactions
Leukotrienes
eicosanoids are derived from
A. Lactic acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Arachidonic acid
C. Arachidonic acid
Major pathway for liberating arachidonic acid
Phospholipase A2
Phospholipase C-B is an indirect pathway to obtain arachidonic acid
Primary source of leptin
Adipocytes
Leptin binds to
A. Gcpr receptor
B. cytokine receptor
C. Catalytic receptor
B. cytokine receptor
Which is a potent vasoconstrictor?
A. HETE
B. EET
A. HETE
HETE and ETE are responsible for RELEASE OF INTRACELLULAR CA STORES and INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION.
TRUE OR FALSE.
TRUE
Inhibits food intake A. Leptin B. Ghrelin C. Growth hormone D. Prostaglandin
A. Leptin
Leptin stimulates: @-MSH; inhibits: _________
Lepton inhibits NPY cause this stimulate food intake
Which pair is correct
A. NPY- anorexigenic
B. @-MSH - orexigenic
C. AGRP - orexigenic
A. NPY- anorexigenic WRONG. NPT stimulates food intake, Ghrelin
B. @-MSH - orexigenic WRONG MSH inhibits food intake, Leptin
C. AGRP - orexigenic CORRECT AGRP stimulates food intake Ghrelin
Plays a role in tumor suppression and tumor metastasis A. Prostaglandin B. Leukotrienes C. NO D. Erythropoietin
C. NO
NO is synthesized from
A. Lysine
B. Tryptophan
C. Arginine
C. Arginine via NOS
Which is responsible for vasodilation
A. mNOS
B. eNOS
C. nNOS
A. mNOS - immune cell regulation
B. eNOS - CORRECT : vasodilation
C. nNOS - neural effect
Potent vasoconstrictor of endothelial cells
Endothelin
Which induces NO formation A. ETA1 B. ETA2 C. ETB1 D. ETB2
A. ETA1 - vasoconstrictor, major isoform
B. ETA2 - does not exist
C. ETB1 - vasodilation, induces NO formation CORRECT
D. ETB2 - vasoconstrictor
Serotonin and melatonin are derived from
A. Tryptophan
B. Tyrosine
C. Arginine
A. Tryptophan
If one is blind this hormone level is always high because there is no circadian rhythm
A. Serotonin
B. Endothelin
C. Melatonin
C. Melatonin
Stimulates aldosterone secretion
A. Serotonin
B. Melatonin
C. Erythropoietin
A. Serotonin
Which hormone/s bind/s to cytokine receptors A. Eicosanoids and NO B. Endothelin C. Ghrelin and eicosanoids D. Serotonin and melatonin E. Leptin and erythropoietin
E. Leptin and erythropoietin
Only stimulus that controls melatonin secretion
Light
Probable oxygen sensor for erythropoietin
Heme protein
Which state is the sensor ON
A. oxygenated
B. Deoxygenated
A. oxygenated - ON: O2 binds to Heme protein, decreased EPO production
B. Deoxygenated - OFF, less O2 binds to heme protein, increased EPO production
EPO synthesis is stimulated by A. Polycythemia B. Iron C. Calcium D. Hypoxemia
D. Hypoxemia
Biologically active metabolites derived from arachidonic acid are called __
Eicosanoids
Importance of eicosanoids
Important in mediating paraxrine and autocrine effects of inflammation
Enumerate major classes of eicosanoids
Prostaglandins
Prostacyclins
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
The enzyme actived by GPCR which releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids
PLA2
Thromboxanes mediate these effects
Platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels
Prostacyclins have these effects
Inhibit platelet aggregation
Vasodilation
Also known as the cytochrome p450 pathway in synthesis of eicosanoids
Epoxygenase pathway
Product of epoxygenase pathway that is responsible tor cell proliferation and causes the release if intracellular calcium stores
HETE (hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid)
Degrades PG and TX
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
Receptor for leptin
Cytokine receptor
Leptin is produced when there is a (lower or higher) quantity of fat
Higher. Tells the body to stop eating or gaining more fat.
Orexigenic hormone that stimulates hunger jn the brain
NPY or neuropeptide Y
Anorexigenic hormone that decreases food intake
a-MSH or alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone
The neurons in the __ of the hypothalamus regulate appetite and energy expenditure
Arcuate nucleus
Type of neuron in te arcuate nucleus which release a-MSH, decreasing food intake and increasing energy expensiture
POMC neurons
Tyoe of neuron in the arcuate nucleus which release ARGP and NPY, increasing food intake and reducing energy expenditure
AGRP-NPY neurons
Hormone which activates (+) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates food intake
Ghrelin
Hormone which inhibits (-) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates (+) POMC-CART neurons, thereby reducing food intake
Leptin
Nitric oxide is synthesized from
Arginine
Mechanism of action of nitric oxide: activates enzyme __ in the cytoplasm
Guanylyl cyclase
Is a vasoactive substance produced by the endothelium which is a potent vasoconstrictor agent in damaged blood vessels
Endothelin
The most important endothelin in regulating tone if vascular smooth muscle
Endothelin 1 (ET1)
When outside environment is dark, this hormone induces sleep, lowers body temp, and lowers metabolic rate
Melatonin
Primary stimulus for secretion of erythropoeitin
Decreased oxygen delivery
Type of receptor for EPO
Cytokine receptor
