2 Physiology 2nd LE Flashcards
What is serum
Plasma minus clotting factors
What is plasma
Blood without formed elements
Plasma protein that carries lipids and hormones
Albumin
Plasma protein that carries hormones and immune function
Globulin
Define hematocrit
Volume percentage of rbcs in blood
Why rbc has a finite lifespan
Without a nucleus
Are immature RBCs
Reticulocytes
Significant of reticulocyte count test
Indicator rate of rbc production secondary to demand like hemolysis and prolonged exposure to high altitudes where there’s lower oxygen levels
Primary stimulator of rbc production
Epo
Transcription complex which responds to changes in oxygen. Binds to epo gene and triggers epo protein formation
hypoxia inducible factoe
Factors needed in rbc production
FolateVit b12
Importance of folate
Dna synthesis, maturation of rbcs
Importance of vit b12
Incorporates circulating folate into developing rbcs for final maturation of rbcs
What is pernicious anemia
Failure to produce intejnsic faxtor, deficient b12 absorption, large megaloblastic rbcs
Storage form of iron
Ferritin
Protein carrier of iron
Transferrin
Type of stem call committed to erythrocyte maturation
CFU-E
Normal rbc in men and women
4.5 to 6 million rbcs / microliter4.2-5 million
Contractile protein which help in cell shape and flexibility
Spectrin
Describe MCV
Hct/number of rbcsToo small or too large rbcs
Average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
Average liefspan of ebc
120
Fate of globin chains in rbc recycling
Broken down into amino acids for new protein synthesis
Fate of iron in rbc recycling
Transferred by transferrin to bone marrow and used for new hemoglobin
Abnromal variation in the size if the cell
Anisocytosis
Abnormal variationnin the ahape of rbcs
Poikilocytosis
RBCs form stacks or rolls
Rouleaux
Wbc couns exceeding 50,000 with normal looking wbc
Lukemoid reaction
Wbc couns exceeding 50,000 with abnormal looking wbc
Leukemia
Wbc elevated in bacterial infection
Neutrophil
Monocyte in the peripheral blood
Macrophage
Elevated during allergic reactions; acid-loving; migrate to tissues with parasitic infection
Eosinophils
Work with eosinophils for systemic allergic reaction
Basophils
Effect of histamine and bradykinin in inflammation
Vasodilation and increased permeability of capillaries
5 signs of inflammation
Rubor: rednessDolor: painTumor: swellingCalor: warmth/heatLoss of function
Main adhesion molecule for capture and initiation of rolling of wbc in the inflammatory process; makes the endothelium sticky
P-selectin
Mediate the firm adhesion if wbcs in the endothelium
E-selectin
Stimulates transmigration of wbc
Interleukin 8, cadherin, and cd11/cd18
First line if defense in the blood
Neutrophils
First line of defense in the tissues, more powerful than neutrophils
Macrophages
Half-life of macrophages
17 hours
Macrophages in the liver
Kupfer cell
Macrophages in the dermal layes
Langerhans cell
Macrophages in the brain
Microglia
Maxrophages in the lungs
Alveolar macrophage
Phases of hemostasis
Vascular phase -vasoconstrictionPlatelet phase - platelet plug formationCoagulation phase - coagulation (blood clotting)Growth of fibrous tissueFibrinolytic phas - lysis of clot
A large glycoprotein which mediates platelet adhesion to injured endothelium; stabilizes factor VIII
Von willebrand factor
Secreted by healthy vessels to inhibit platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin
Blood test which measure the function of extrinsic and common pathways of clotting
Prothrombin time